Psychological Therapies Used for the Reduction of Habitual Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Consumption: A Systematic Review.

Globally, there are around 1.3 billion cigarette consumers, indicating it to be the second highest risk factor for early death and morbidity. Meanwhile, psychological therapy offers tools based on its different models and techniques, which can contribute to smoking cessation. In this context, this study gathers scientific evidence to identify psychological therapies that can be used to reduce cigarette consumption. A systematic review of controlled clinical studies was conducted, implementing the PRISMA methodology. Search queries were performed with terms extracted from MESH (Medical Subject Headings) and DECS (Descriptors in Health Sciences). Subsequently, the search was queried in the scientific databases of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PsycNet, with subsequent verification of methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The selected documents revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy prevails due to its use and effectiveness in seven publications (25%). The cognitive approach with mindfulness therapy is found in 4 publications (14%), the transtheoretical model with motivational therapy in 4 publications (14%), brief psychological therapy in 3 publications (10%), and the remaining 10 documents (37%) correspond with others. Intervention studies refer to cognitive behavioral therapy as the most used in reducing cigarette consumption; in terms of the duration of abstinence, scientific evidence shows beneficial effects with short-term reduction.

Prolonged chronic academic stress and its relationship with cytokine dysregulation in health science students.

Academic stress is a problem that affects students due to a number of factors that are considered stressors. These include academic overload and completion of assignments and exams, exacerbated by such external conditions as family, social and economic problems. Together, these can affect emotional and physical health, which may lead in the long term to developing a number of pathologies, given the alteration of immunological homoeostasis with which they are related. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of academic stress on the production of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-10 in Morphology students in the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad del Cauca during an academic period. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive longitudinal study was carried out with a population of 78 students studying Morphology, among the subjects with the highest academic load in the Physiotherapy, Medicine, Nursing and Phonoaudiology programs in the Faculty. Academic stress was assessed in the students by applying the Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), and through quantification of the IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-10 cytokines using the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique in three "moments" of the academic semester: Moment 1: beginning of the academic semester; Moment 2: week of evaluations of 70% of the semester; Moment 3: week of final exams. RESULTS: The students perceived stress as "normal" at Moment 1, while at Moments 2 and 3 it was perceived as "quite a lot", with percentages of 48.7% and 50%, respectively. The predominant stressors were: "methodological deficiencies", "academic overload", and "exams", for the three moments of the study. "Physical exhaustion" was the most prevalent stress response at all three moments, followed by "irascible behaviour" (Moment 2 and 3), and "sleep disturbances" (Moment 3). To cope with the stress, the students resorted mainly to "planning and management of personal resources" in the three moments of the study. A progressive increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and a decrease in IL-10 were observed at all three moments. A correlation was found between some questions belonging to the "methodological deficiencies", "beliefs about performance", "sleep disturbances", "physical exhaustion" and "irascible behaviour" dimensions with IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL. -10. CONCLUSION: The morphology students suffer increased stress indicators (perceived stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines) throughout the academic period. The "methodological deficiencies", "academic overload" and "exams" stressors, together with "physical exhaustion", "sleep disturbances" and "irascible behaviour", possibly influence the production of the IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines.

Bioactive compounds as an alternative for the sugarcane industry: Towards an integrative approach.

Here, a comprehensive review of sugarcane industrialization and its relationship with bioactive compounds (BCs) detected in various products and by-products generated during its processing is presented. Furthermore, it is discussed how these compounds have revealed important antioxidant, antineoplastic, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. From this bibliographic research highlights the significance of two types of BCs of natural origin (phenolic compounds (PCs) and terpenoids) and a group of compounds synthesized during industrial transformation processes (Maillard reaction products (MRPs)). It was found that most of the studies about the BCs from sugarcane have been conducted by identifying, isolating, and analyzing ones or a few compounds at a specific period, this being a conventional approach. However, given the complexity of the synthesis processes of all these BCs and the biological activities they can manifest in a specific biological context, novel approaches are needed to address these analyses holistically. To overcome this challenge, integrating massive and multiscale methods, such as omics sciences, seems necessary to enrich these studies. This work is intended to contribute to the state of the art that could support future research about the exploration, characterization, or evaluation of different bioactive molecules from sugarcane and its derivatives.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes de una institución educativa privada de bucaramanga

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y su relación con factores sociodemográficos en adolescentes en una institución educativa privada de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, participaron 280 adolescentes escolarizados de 10 a 19 años sanos de ambos sexos. Se utilizó el KIDSCREEN-27 para la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Resultados: En cuanto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, los adolescentes perciben más problemas con el estado de ánimo y sentimientos especialmente en las mujeres adolescentes, evidenciándose diferencias significativas en ambos sexos respecto a la percepción del total de la escala CVRS. Conclusiones: Las dimensiones de CVRS con menores puntuaciones corresponden al estado de ánimo y sentimientos en ambos sexos, evidenciándose diferencias significativas por sexo. Es imprescindible desarrollar investigaciones en CVRS en adolescentes sin ninguna condición de enfermedad y ampliar estos factores que pueden afectar el bienestar y la salud con la finalidad de desarrollar intervenciones encaminadas en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad a tempranas edades, incorporando un enfoque de sexo/género.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in adolescents from a private educational institution in Bucaramanga (Colombia). Materials and Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out with 280 healthy adolescents of both sexes, between the ages of 10 and 19 years. The KIDSCREEN-27 was used to assess health-related quality of life. Results: Regarding health-related quality of life, adolescents perceive more problems related to mood and feelings, especially adolescent girls, with significant differences being evident in both sexes with respect to the perception of the total HRQOL scale. Conclusions: The HRQOL dimensions with the lowest scores correspond to mood and feelings in both sexes, with significant differences by sex. It is essential to carry out research on HRQL in adolescents without any disease or illness and to focus on the factors that can affect well-being and health in order to develop interventions aimed at promoting health and preventing disease at an early age, integrating a sex/gender approach.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos em adolescentes de uma instituição de ensino privada em Bucaramanga (Colômbia). Material e Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado com adolescentes saúdaveis, entre 10 a 19 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. O KIDSCREEN-27 foi utilizado para a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Resultados: Em relação à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, os adolescentes percebem mais problemas relacionados ao estado emocional e os sentimientos, especialmente as mulheres adolescentes, sendo evidentes diferenças significativas em ambos os sexos quanto à percepção da escala de QVRS total. Conclusões: As dimensões da QVRS que obtiveram a pontuação mais baixa correspondem ao estado emocional e os sentimientos en ambos os sexos, com diferenças significativas por sexo. Portanto, é imprescindível a realização de pesquisas sobre a QVRS em adolescentes sem nenhuma doença e analizar os fatores que podem afetar o bem-estar e a saúde, a fim de desenvolver intervenções encaminhadas a promover a saúde e prevenir doenças desde a infancia, incorporando uma abordagem de sexo/gênero.

Acute abdominal pain as the initial manifestation of meningococcemia in adult patient / Dolor abdominal agudo como manifestación inicial de meningococemia en un paciente adulto

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