Acupuntura y moxibustión para embarazadas con presentación no cefálica. Estrategias de intervención y revisión de la literatura / Acupuncture and moxibustion for pregnant women with non-cephalic presentation. Intervention strategies and literature review

Objetivo: Realizar una evaluación de la evidencia científica publicada y explorar las estrategias e intervenciones más adecuadas en la presentación no cefálica con acupuntura o moxibustión. Método: Búsqueda bibliográfica realizada entre los años 2003 y 2018 con las palabras clave «acupuntura», «moxibustión», «presentación de nalgas» y «presentación no cefálica» en las bases de datos PubMed, Cinahl, WoS, Medline y CENTRAL. Resultados: Finalmente se seleccionaron 15 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La moxibustión es eficaz para conseguir la versión a cefálica en las embarazadas con feto en presentación no cefálica en el tercer trimestre de gestación. Los países asiáticos son los que obtienen resultados con mayor éxito (96,7%), respecto a los países occidentales (53,6-75,4%). Discusión: La revisión de la bibliografía nos ofrece una buena evidencia científica en relación con la efectividad de la moxibustión en el punto de acupuntura V67, en la versión del feto a una presentación cefálica. En la gran mayoría de los estudios se ha observado una mejora en la versión del feto en los grupos que aplicaron la técnica de moxibustión en V67 respecto al grupo control, en que no se había aplicado la técnica. Conclusión: En la actualidad, el uso de la moxibustión para la versión cefálica de una presentación no cefálica es un procedimiento de interés tanto para los profesionales sanitarios como para las gestantes, ya que es una técnica efectiva, segura y de fácil aplicación

Objective: To carry out an evaluation of the published scientific evidence and to explore the most appropriate strategies and interventions in the non-cephalic presentation with acupuncture or moxibustion. Method: Bibliographic search was carried out between 2003 and 2018 with the keywords «acupuncture», «moxibustion», «breech presentation», «non-cephalic presentation», in the databases PubMed, Cinahl, WoS, Medline and CENTRAL. Results: Finally, 15 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Moxibustion is effective to achieve the cephalic version in pregnant women with a fetus in non-cephalic presentation in the third trimester of pregnancy. The Asian countries have the most successful results (96.7%) in relation to those in the West (between 53.6 and 75.4%). Discussion: The review of the literature offers us good scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of moxibustion in V67, in the fetus version of a cephalic presentation. In the vast majority of studies, an improvement in the version of the fetus was observed in the groups that applied the moxibustion technique in V67 in relation to the control group, which had not applied the technique. Conclusion: At present, the use of moxibustion for the cephalic version of a non-cephalic presentation is a procedure of interest for health workers and pregnant women, since it is an effective, safe and easy to apply technique whenever it is indicated

A reaction norm model approach to estimate the genetic effect of temperature on sportive performance of trotter horses.

The performance results of Spanish Trotter Horses were merged with the information from the nearest official weather stations, to estimate the effects of temperature (T) on speed during the day of the race. The resulting data set included: 104 125 individual results from 7653 races with 3772 participant horses and driven by 1402 jockeys. After a classical repeatability animal model in which the effects of T were assumed null, a total of five different random regression models (RRM) with the same fixed part were applied in a parsimonious nested process in which the (co)variance components for each random effect were estimated considering homo/heterogeneous responses across the trajectory of T during the race. The results demonstrate that performance is better when T increases from 4°C to 12°C, followed by a comfort zone (12-19°C) and a light but more stressful zone (>20°C). A significant change in the T during 20 years (+4°C) was observed whilst the speed of the race improved by +2.1 m/s during the same period. The information criterion (LogL, AIC and BIC) confirmed the existence of heterogeneity of (co)variance components along the trajectory of T scale. The model in which T effect was assumed non-constant across the T scale for animal genetic effects; the individual environmental permanent effects and the jockey effects fit the data better. Heritability had higher values (0.19-0.20) when T was <12°C and slightly decreases within the comfort and stressful zones. Genetic correlations were high and, as was expected, it decreases when difference between T increases. The best 150 animals for speed during the comfort zone were selected according to the Expected Breeding Value (EBV) estimated with the best RRM, and important variations were detected in the evolution of EBV across the trajectory of T. The presence of a genetic base related to T effect during the race in this type of performance is demonstrated.

Genomic analysis and gene structure of the plant carotenoid dioxygenase 4 family: a deeper study in Crocus sativus and its allies.

The plastoglobule-targeted enzyme carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4) mediates the formation of volatile C13 ketones, such as ß-ionone, by cleaving the C9-C10 and C9'-C10' double bonds of cyclic carotenoids. Here, we report the isolation and analysis of CCD4 genomic DNA regions in Crocus sativus. Different CCD4 alleles have been identified: CsCCD4a which is found with and without an intron and CsCCD4b that showed the presence of a unique intron. The presence of different CCD4 alleles was also observed in other Crocus species. Furthermore, comparison of the locations of CCD4 introns within the coding region with CCD4 genes from other plant species suggests that independent gain/losses have occurred. The comparison of the promoter region of CsCCD4a and CsCCD4b with available CCD4 gene promoters from other plant species highlighted the conservation of cis-elements involved in light response, heat stress, as well as the absence and unique presence of cis-elements involved in circadian regulation and low temperature responses, respectively. Functional characterization of the Crocus sativus CCD4a promoter using Arabidopsis plants stably transformed with a DNA fragment of 1400 base pairs (P-CsCCD4a) fused to the ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene showed that this sequence was sufficient to drive GUS expression in the flower, in particular high levels were detected in pollen.

Interleucina-8 en el lavado broncoalveolar del donante y su impacto en la disfunción primaria del injerto en el trasplante bipulmonar / Interleukin 8 Concentrations in Donor Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Impact on Primary Graft Failure in Double Lung Transplant

La disfunción primaria del injerto pulmonar (DPIP) contin¨²a siendo la principal causa de mortalidad perioperatoria y precoz en los receptores de un trasplante pulmonar (TP)1. La DPIP es una lesi¨®n pulmonar aguda, que acontece en el per ...(AU)

Background and Objective The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from donor lungs and assess the role of IL-8 levels in the development of primary graft failure.Patients and MethodTwenty patients who received a double lung transplant were studied. A series of data, including BAL fluid concentrations of IL-8, were collected for the donors. Data collected for the recipients included arterial blood gases after 6, 24, and 48hours, and intubation time. Patients with a ratio of PaO2 to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of less than 300 during the first 48hours were diagnosed with primary graft failure. IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between the donor variables and IL-8 concentrations were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (¦Ñ) and the Mann-Whitney test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis(AU)

Results Fifteen of the 20 donors were men. The cause of brain death was trauma in 9 donors, 7 were smokers, 13 required inotropic support, and pathogens were isolated in the BAL fluid of 18. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23.5¨C51.25y), the median ventilation time was 1 day (IQR, 1¨C2d), the median PaO2/FiO2 was 459.5 (IQR, 427¨C510.25), and the median IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid was 49.01ng/L (IQR, 7.86¨C94.05ng/mL).Ten of the recipients were men and the median age was 48.43 years (IQR, 25.4¨C56.81y). The median ischemic time was 210minutes (IQR, 176.25¨C228.75min) for the first lung and 300minutes (IQR, 273.75¨C333.73min) for the second lung. The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the implant at 6, 14, and 48hours was 329 (IQR, 190.25¨C435), 363.5 (IQR, 249¨C434.75), and 370.5 (IQR, 243.25¨C418.25), respectively. The median intubation time was 39.5hours (IQR, 19.25¨C68.5h) and the correlation with IL-8 values was positive: higher IL-8 concentrations in BAL fluid correlated with longer ventilation times (Spearman rank correlation, P=.007; ¦Ñ=0.583). Five patients developed primary graft failure; IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in these patients than in those whose grafts did not fail (Mann-Whitney test, P=.003).ConclusionHigh IL-8 concentrations in donor BAL fluid lead to longer ventilation time in the recipients and favor the development of primary graft failure after lung transplant(AU)

Cytosolic and plastoglobule-targeted carotenoid dioxygenases from Crocus sativus are both involved in beta-ionone release.

Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound beta-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of beta-carotene and emission of beta-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave beta-carotene at the 9,10(9',10') positions to yield beta-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of beta-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of beta-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and insect attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Trypanosoma cruzi en población inmigrante de la ciudad de Valencia / No disponible

Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas es endémica en Centro y Sudamérica. Las vías transfusional, transplacentaria y donación de órganos son las de mayor importancia en nuestro medio. Conviene conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-T.cruzi en la población procedente de áreas endémicas, debido al posible estado de portador asintomático y transmisor en la fase crónica. Métodos: Análisis de 432 sueros de inmigrantes recogidos entre mayo y agosto de 2001 por ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA), inmunoprecipitación (IP) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFA) frente a T. cruzi; estudio posterior de anticuerpos frente a Leishmanias pp. Y Treponema pallidum. Resultados: 30 muestras (6,9%) fueron positivas por la técnica de cribado. De ellas, 16 (53,4%) también lo fueron por IP y por IFA. Todos los sueros positivos por lastres técnicas, excepto uno, tenían anticuerpos frente a L. infantum y sólo uno frente a T. pallidum. Discusión: Un 3,7% de los sueros fueron positivos por las tres técnicas empleadas, dato similar al de otros estudios. La mayoría correspondían a bolivianos, lo que coincide con la prevalencia de la infección en Sudamérica, y a mujeres. El diagnóstico de laboratorio presenta limitaciones al no existir un gold standard, no estar comercializada una prueba de confirmación y haber reacciones cruzadas con otros parásitos. La erradicación del vector y la interrupción de cualquier transmisión sigue siendo la vía principal para controlar esta endemia (AU)

Introduction: Chagas’ disease is endemic in Central and South America and is mainly transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant and congenital infection in our Spanish environment. It is important to know the prevalence of anti-T.cruzi antibodies in people from the endemic areas who are now living in our country, due to possible transmission during the chronic, asymptomatic period. Methods: Analysis of 432 sera collected from immigrants between May and August 2001 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a particle gel immunoassay (IP) and an indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) for T.cruzi. In order to exclude cross-reaction, the presence of Leishmania spp. and Treponema pallidumantibodies was also tested. Results: 30 samples (6.9%) were positive with the ELISA and 16 (53.4%) of them also reacted to IP and IFA. All except one of the sera which were positive through the three techniques had antibodies to L. infantum and one of them to T. pallidum. Discussion: 3.7% of all the sera analyzed were positivefor the three techniques, a finding that correlates with results from other studies. Most of them were from women and from immigrants from Bolivia, the country with the highest prevalence of this disease. Laboratory diagnosis is limited by the abscence of a gold standard, the presence of cross-reactivity with other parasites and the fact that there is no commercially available confirmatory assay. Vector erradication and interrupting any pathway of transmission is the main approach to combating the disease’s endemicity (AU)

Alta incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en pacientes menores de 14 años en Almería en el período 2001-2005 / High incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0-14 in Almería, Spain, 2001-2005

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