Correction: Maintaining close canopy cover prevents the invasion of Pinus radiata: Basic ecology to manage native forest invasibility.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210849.].

Maintaining close canopy cover prevents the invasion of Pinus radiata: Basic ecology to manage native forest invasibility.

Pine invasion is a global threat that is occurring in native forests of diverse regions of the world. This process is arising in a scenario of rapid forest deforestation and degradation. Therefore, elucidate which forests attributes explain invasibility is a central issue in forest ecology. The Coastal Maulino forest is an endemic forest of central Chile, which has suffered a large history of disturbance, being replaced by large extensions of Pinus radiata plantations. This land transformation conveys high rates of pines invasion into native remnants. In this study we examined to what extent structural features of forest patches explains invasibility of this forest-type. Within eight forest fragments, we sampled 162 plots (10 x 10 m2 each). We quantified seedling pine density and related these estimates with tree cover, litter depth, PAR radiation, and diversity of the resident community. Our results indicate that canopy cover was the most important variable to determine seedling pine density within forest fragments. Our investigation highlights the importance to conserve the forests cover to reduce significantly their invasibility. This action can be effective even if we cannot avoid pine plantations in the region as a source of a massive seed dispersal to forests with well conserved canopy.

Chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Adesmia bijuga Phil., Fabaceae, one critically endangered species in Central Chile / Composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas de Adesmia bijuga Phil., Fabaceae, una especie en peligro critico en Chile central

The essential oil chemical profile of Adesmia bijuga Phil. leaves, an endemic Chilean species from Maule Region central Chile with a critically endangered situation, was investigated for first time. This essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a result, 29 components were identified; representing 94.8 percent of the oil composition. The major constituents were spathulenol (24.3 percent), cadalene (9.6 percent), alpha-copaene (8.5 percent) and ledol (8 percent).

La composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas frescas de Adesmia bijuga Phil., una especie chilena endémica de la Región del Maule, Chile central, en peligro crítico, fue investigada por primera vez. El aceite esencial fue aislado por hidrodestilación y analizado por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). Como resultado, se identificaron 29 compuestos, representando 94,8 por ciento de la composición del aceite. Los constituyentes mayoritarios fueron espatulenol (24,3 por ciento), cadaleno (9.6 por ciento), alfa-copaeno (8.5 por ciento) y ledol (8 por ciento).