Binge Drinking: The Top 100 Cited Papers.

We conducted a review to analyze the 100 most-cited studies on binge drinking (BD) in the Web of Science (WoS) database to determine their current status and the aspects that require further attention. We carried out a retrospective bibliometric analysis in January 2021. The year of publication, authors, design, subject, journal, institution and lead author's country, as well as the definition of BD, were extracted from the articles. The data on the country, year, thematic category of the journals and their rank were obtained from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Journal Citation Reports 2020. The number of citations was collected from the WoS, and the h index was collected from the Scopus database. The citation density and Bradford's law were calculated. The majority of the articles were empirical quantitative studies with a cross-sectional design published between 1992 and 2013 in 49 journals. There were 306 authors, mostly English-speaking and from the USA. The definitions used to describe BD are not homogeneous. The most-cited topics were the analysis of consequences, determinants and epidemiology. There is a need to unify the definitions of BD and base them on scientific evidence. The multidisciplinary nature of BD is not well reflected in each of the thematic areas discussed in this work.

State anxiety and cardiovascular activity in an academic examination.

Exam is an academic stressor that frequently triggers the affective reaction of anxiety, as well as psychophysiological changes in the autonomic nervous system. Anxiety is a negative affective variable associated with a low level of performance. This study examined the impact of an academic exam on state anxiety (SA) levels and the effects on cardiovascular activity during its performance, as well as its possible influence on the score. The study group was composed of 122 female university students. Cardiovascular responses (heart rate [HR], diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure) were recorded continuously in three phases (before, during, and after the exam) for each participant. The SA was obtained with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before the exam. Then, those with extremely low and high SA scores were assigned to the low and high anxiety groups, respectively. The exam score reflected the performance level. The results partially confirmed our hypotheses. The high SA group showed significant fluctuations in cardiovascular activity; in particular, the HRs were higher than in the low SA group during the exam (not in diastolic and systolic pressures, respectively). On the other hand, the high SA group showed lower performance expectations scores than the low SA group, and the level of performance was similar in the two groups. Therefore, the exam confirmed changes in the HR with respect to the SA level, with no significant impact on performance.

Emotional cuing to test attentional network functioning in trait anxiety / Señalamiento emocional para evaluar el funcionamiento de las redes atencionales en ansiedad rasgo

The Attention Networks Test (ANT) has been widely used to assess the three attentional networks proposed by Posner and his collaborators. Here we present a version of the ANT that uses emotionally laden words as cues to evaluate the functioning of the attention networks and their interactions. University students participated in the task and the results replicated those found in previous studies with the original version of the test. Then, those with extreme scores on a trait anxiety scale, STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) were assigned to the low or the high anxiety group. The high anxiety group showed normal patterns in the functioning of the three attentional networks, but negative cues modulated the interaction between the orienting and the executive network. These participants failed to narrow the attention focus to cover the region containing the target, affecting conflict resolution in incongruent trials

El test de las redes atencionales (Attention Networks Test, ANT) ha sido muy utilizadopara evaluar las tres redes atencionales propuestas por Posner y colaboradores. Aquí presentamos una versión delANT que utiliza palabras cargadas emocionalmente como señales de orientación de la atención para evaluar el funcionamiento de las redes atencionales y sus interacciones. Estudiantes universitarios participaron en la tarea y los resultados replicaron aquellos obtenidos en estudios previos con la versión original del test. Aquellos participantes con puntuaciones extremas en la escala de ansiedad rasgo, STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory)fueron asignados al grupo de baja o alta ansiedad. El grupo de alta ansiedad mostró patrones normales de funcionamiento en las tres redes atencionales, pero las señales con carga emocional negativa modularon la interacción entre la red de orientación y la red ejecutiva. Concretamente, mostraron un déficit en el ajuste del foco atencional para abarcar justo la región espacial que contenía el estímulo objetivo, afectando a la resolución del conflicto en los ensayos incongruentes

[Different typologies of alcohol consumers in the practice of the "botellon" in three Spanish cities]. / Tipologías de consumidores de alcohol dentro de la práctica del botellón en tres ciudades españolas.

In this work, 6,009 youngsters (14-25 years old) who practice the <> were interviewed in three cities of the Valencian Community. After a stratified sampling among college and noncollege students, a two-step cluster analysis was carried out for each sample with two aims: to identify different types of alcohol consumers in the practice of the <> and to carry out a crossed validation of the results obtained. The variables included in the analysis were the following: gender, age group (university students: U; adolescent students: ES), performance of intensive episodes of consumption (yes/no), number of years practicing the <> and grams of alcohol ingested. The results show the validity of the structure obtained for youngsters, revealing intensive episodes of alcohol consumption, as a four-group structure appeared in all three samples (male U, male ES, female U, female ES), in which men were always at the top of alcohol ingestion. Furthermore, ES consumed the same amount of alcohol as U, even though they had been consuming for less time. However, the youngsters who did not report intensive episodes of alcohol consumption showed some structure variability, with a tendency among women to match men's levels of alcohol consumption.

Tipologías de consumidores de alcohol dentro de la práctica del botellón en tres ciudades españolas / Different typologies of alcohol consumers in the practice of «botellon» in three Spanish cities

En este trabajo se entrevistó a 6.009 jóvenes que practican botellón (14-25 años) en tres ciudades de la Comunidad Valenciana, realizando un muestreo estratificado de centros de Secundaria, Bachiller, CF y Universidad. Se efectuó un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases con cada muestra con dos objetivos: identificar tipologías de consumidores de alcohol en el botellón y realizar una validación cruzada de la solución obtenida. Las variables consideradas en los análisis fueron: sexo, grupo de edad (universitarios: U; estudiantes Secundaria: ES), realización o no de episodios intensivos de consumo, años practicando botellón y gramos de alcohol ingeridos. Los resultados muestran evidencia de validez de la estructura obtenida para los jóvenes que realizan episodios intensivos de consumo de alcohol, ya que aparece una estructura de cuatro grupos en las tres muestras (varones U, varones ES, mujeres U, mujeres ES), siendo siempre los varones quienes más consumen. Además, los ES consumen iguales cantidades de hol que los U, aunque llevan menos años consumiendo. Por su parte, entre los jóvenes que no realizan episodios intensivos de consumo de alcohol se observa cierta variabilidad en la estructura, siendo manifiesta la tendencia de las mujeres a igualar su consumo con el de los varones(AU)

In this work, 6,009 youngsters (14-25 years old) who practice the «botellon» were interviewed in three cities of the Valencian Community. After a stratified sampling among college and noncollege students, a two-step cluster analysis was carried out for each sample with two aims: to identify different types of alcohol consumers in the practice of the «botellon» and to carry out a crossed validation of the results obtained. The variables included in the analysis were the following: gender, age group (university students: U; adolescent students: ES), performance of intensive episodes of consumption (yes/no), number of years practicing the «botellon» and grams of alcohol ingested. The results show the validity of the structure obtained for youngsters, revealing intensive episodes of alcohol consumption, as a four-group structure appeared in all three samples (male U, male ES, female U, female ES), in which men were always at the top of alcohol ingestion. Furthermore, ES consumed the same amount of alcohol as U, even though they had been consuming for less time. However, the youngsters who did not report intensive episodes of alcohol consumption showed some structure variability, with a tendency among women to match men’s levels of alcohol consumption(AU)

Análisis experimental de la capacidad de vigilancia: efecto de la privación parcial de sueño y dificultad de la tarea / Experimental analysis of vigilance: effects of partial privation of sleep and task difficulty

Uno de los factores más relevantes en la capacidad para mantener un apropiado nivel de alerta es la duración del período de sueño. Se han realizado numerosos trabajos, ya clásicos, sobre el efecto de la privación total o selectiva de alguna de las fases del sueño en relación con diferentes funciones fisiológicas y psicológicas. En el trabajo que presentamos, analizamos experimentalmente el efecto de la privación parcial de sueño sobre el nivel de alerta subjetivo y el rendimiento obtenido en dos tareas de vigilancia o atención sostenida, que difieren en el nviel de dificultad, así como el nivel de carga de trabajo mental (mental workload) experimentado durante su realización. El rendimiento en dichas tareas se evaluará en términos de precisión y velocidad, con los índices nivel de vigilancia y función decremento de vigilancia. Los resultados relativos al rendimiento no son consistentes con las hipótesis formuladas. (AU)