Marcadores bioquímicos, nutricionales y actividad antioxidante en el síndrome metabólico / Biochemical and nutritional markers and antioxidant activity in metabolic syndrome

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: 1) Valorar nutricionalmente la dieta seguida por los pacientes con síndrome metabólico, y 2) analizar bioquímicamente el nivel de oxidación-reducción en los pacientes con síndrome metabólico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado a pacientes con síndrome metabólico de la Región de Murcia. Se seleccionaron 53 individuos, 33 con síndrome metabólico y 20 sin él (grupo control). La intervención realizada consistió en la cumplimentación de una encuesta recordatorio y un test para valorar nutricionalmente la ingesta dietética, además de la determinación de variables antropométricas y analíticas que incluyen variables relacionas con la actividad antioxidante. RESULTADOS: La actividad antioxidante en ambos grupos analizados está dentro de los límites normales (1,7 ± 0,2 mmol/l en el grupo control y 1,8 ± 0,1 mmol/l en el grupo con síndrome metabólico; ns). La enzima superóxido dismutasa no presenta diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Los valores medios de glutatión reductasa (U/l) son superiores en el grupo control que en los pacientes con SM (p < 0,05). Respecto a los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, los valores medios de isoprostanos son superiores en el grupo control (4,9 ± 6,2 ng/ml) que en los pacientes con SM (3,5 ± 3,9 ng/ml; p < 0,05). Los valores de LDL oxidadas tienden a ser superiores en los enfermos con SM (96 ± 23,2 U/l) que en el grupo control (86,2 ± 17,3 U/l), no observándose diferencias significativas. Conclusiones Existe una tendencia a un peor perfil nutricional y bioquímico de los pacientes que presentan síndrome metabólico. También tienden a presentar un mayor grado de estrés

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: 1) Nutritional assessment of the diet followed by patients with metabolic syndrome, and 2) biochemical analysis of the oxidation-reduction level in patients with metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with metabolic syndrome in Murcia. Fifty-three patients, 33 with and 20 without (control group) metabolic syndrome, were selected. The intervention consisted of completion of a recall survey and a test to nutritionally assess dietary intake. Anthropometric and laboratory variables, including those related to antioxidant activity, were also tested. RESULTS: Antioxidant activity was within normal limits in both groups (1.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L in the control group and 1.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L in the metabolic syndrome group) (NS). Superoxide dismutase levels were not significantly different between the groups. Mean glutathione reductase levels (U/L) were higher in the control group as compared to patients with metabolic syndrome (P < .05). As regards oxidative stress biomarkers, mean isoprostane levels were higher in the control group (4.9 ± 6.2 ng/mL) than in metabolic syndrome patients (3.5 ± 3.9 ng/mL) (P < .05). Oxidized LDL values tended to be higher in metabolic syndrome patients (96 ± 23.2 U/L) as compared to the control group (86.2 ± 17.3 U/L), but differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend to a poorer nutritional and biochemical profile in patients with metabolic syndrome, who also tend to have a greater degree of oxidative stress

Biochemical and nutritional markers and antioxidant activity in metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: 1) Nutritional assessment of the diet followed by patients with metabolic syndrome, and 2) biochemical analysis of the oxidation-reduction level in patients with metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with metabolic syndrome in Murcia. Fifty-three patients, 33 with and 20 without (control group) metabolic syndrome, were selected. The intervention consisted of completion of a recall survey and a test to nutritionally assess dietary intake. Anthropometric and laboratory variables, including those related to antioxidant activity, were also tested. RESULTS: Antioxidant activity was within normal limits in both groups (1.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L in the control group and 1.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L in the metabolic syndrome group) (NS). Superoxide dismutase levels were not significantly different between the groups. Mean glutathione reductase levels (U/L) were higher in the control group as compared to patients with metabolic syndrome (P<.05). As regards oxidative stress biomarkers, mean isoprostane levels were higher in the control group (4.9 ± 6.2 ng/mL) than in metabolic syndrome patients (3.5 ± 3.9 ng/mL) (P<.05). Oxidized LDL values tended to be higher in metabolic syndrome patients (96 ± 23.2U/L) as compared to the control group (86.2 ± 17.3 U/L), but differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend to a poorer nutritional and biochemical profile in patients with metabolic syndrome, who also tend to have a greater degree of oxidative stress.

Estilos de vida relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios / Lifestyles related with cardiovascular risk in university students

Objetivo: Analizar los estilos de vida relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular en una población universitaria a su ingreso en la universidad. Material y método Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en los alumnos de la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia. Se selecciona una muestra de 672 estudiantes universitarios que cursan el primer año de carrera. El instrumento utilizado para recoger los datos es un cuestionario autocumplimentado, anónimo, con un total de 59 preguntas. Resultados Respecto al hábito tabáquico, 242 son fumadores (36%) y 117 exfumadores (17,4%). No fuman 313 (46,6%). Cuando se compara el consumo de tabaco por sexo, no se detectan diferencias. Por grupo de carrera, la mayor frecuencia de no fumadores se observa en los estudiantes de ciencias de la actividad física (59,1%) frente a los de las carreras humanísticas (40,9%). El 87,4% (587) de los estudiantes encuestados reconoce consumir bebidas alcohólicas, frente al 12,6% (85) que no. Según el grupo de carrera, no se detecta asociación entre el grupo de carrera y el hecho de consumir o no bebidas alcohólicas. El 65,6% de los estudiantes encuestados refieren realizar ejercicio físico habitualmente, siendo mayor la frecuencia de ejercicio en los hombres que en las mujeres (81,7% frente al 49,4%) (p < 0,001). El 54,3% de los estudiantes encuestados siguen un patrón alimentario típico de la dieta mediterránea

Objective: To analyze the lifestyles associated with cardiovascular risk in a university population in university admission. Material and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional students of the Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia. Select a sample of 672 college students enrolled in the first year of the race. The instrument used to collect the data, is a self-completed questionnaire anonymous, with a total of 59 questions. Results: With respect to smoking 242 are smokers (36%), 117 former smokers (17.4%), and 313 non-smokers (46.6%). When compared snuff consumption by sex, no differences are detected. By running the largest group of non-smokers often seen in students of physical sciences (59.1%) compared to the careers humanities (40.9%). 87.4% (587) of students surveyed report using alcohol, compared to 12.6% (85) no. According to the race group not detected association between race group and the fact consume alcohol or not. The 65.6% of students surveyed physical exercise commonly referred, being higher the frequency of exercise in men than in women (81.7% versus 49.4%) (P<.001). 54.3% of surveyed students follow a dietary pattern typical of the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: The University does not exercise the role that could mean in terms of enhancing healthy lifestyles and abandonment of harmful health styles

[Lifestyles related with cardiovascular risk in university students]. / Estilos de vida relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lifestyles associated with cardiovascular risk in a university population in university admission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional students of the Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia. Select a sample of 672 college students enrolled in the first year of the race. The instrument used to collect the data, is a self-completed questionnaire anonymous, with a total of 59 questions. RESULTS: With respect to smoking 242 are smokers (36%), 117 former smokers (17.4%), and 313 non-smokers (46.6%). When compared snuff consumption by sex, no differences are detected. By running the largest group of non-smokers often seen in students of physical sciences (59.1%) compared to the careers humanities (40.9%). 87.4% (587) of students surveyed report using alcohol, compared to 12.6% (85) no. According to the race group not detected association between race group and the fact consume alcohol or not. The 65.6% of students surveyed physical exercise commonly referred, being higher the frequency of exercise in men than in women (81.7% versus 49.4%) (P<.001). 54.3% of surveyed students follow a dietary pattern typical of the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS: The University does not exercise the role that could mean in terms of enhancing healthy lifestyles and abandonment of harmful health styles.

Evolución del riesgo cardiovascular de los inmigrantes residentes en España según procedencia y años de estancia / Cardiovascular risk of immigrants living in Spain according to origin and years of stay

Objetivo: Valorar si existen diferencias en la población inmigrante en función de los años transcurridos desde su llegada a nuestro país y del área geográfica de procedencia. Diseño: Estudio transversal realizado en 3 colectivos de inmigrantes. Participantes: Se seleccionan 4 grupos: inmigrantes latinoamericanos (298), inmigrantes norteafricanos (130) y procedentes del Este de Europa (114). También un grupo control de 100 españoles de edad y sexo similar. Métodos: Se valoran variables antropométricas, bioquímicas, presión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular según las tablas de las Sociedades Europeas de Hipertensión y Cardiología. Resultados: El riesgo cardiovascular de los 3 grupos de inmigrantes es similar entre ellos (riesgo cardiovascular añadido alto o muy alto en el 5,5% de latinoamericanos, en el 4,3% de norteafricanos y en el 1,6% de inmigrantes del Este), pero significativamente inferior al grupo control de españoles (28%). Tras 8 años de estancia en España el riesgo cardiovascular aumenta en los 3 grupos de inmigrantes, equiparándose al de los españoles en norteafricanos y de países del Este (riesgo cardiovascular añadido alto o muy alto en el 18,5% de norteafricanos, 20% en grupo de países del Este). En inmigrantes latinoamericanos dicho riesgo cardiovascular supera al resto de grupos e incluso al grupo de españoles (riesgo cardiovascular alto o muy alto en el 48,7% de latinoamericanos frente al 28% de españoles). Conclusiones: Con la estancia en España el riesgo cardiovascular de los inmigrantes aumenta sobre todo si proceden de Latinoamérica. Dicho aumento se hace clínicamente significativo a partir de los 8 años de estancia en España(AU)

Objective: To assess whether there are differences in the immigrant population in terms of the years since their arrival in Spain and their geographical area of origin. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three immigrant groups. Participants: The groups selected were: a group of Latin American immigrants (298), a group of North African immigrants (130) and a group from Eastern Europe (114). A control group of 100 from a Spanish population of similar age and sex was also included. Methods: Anthropometric variables were measured, including biochemical inflammatory markers, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk estimation according to the tables of the European Societies of Hypertension and Cardiology. Results: The cardiovascular risk of the three groups of immigrants is similar between them (added cardiovascular risk high or very high at 5.5% in Latin Americans, 4.3% in North Africans, and 1.6% in immigrants from eastern countries), but significantly lower than the Spanish control group (28%). After 8 years in Spain, cardiovascular risk increases in the three groups of immigrants, with those from North Africa and eastern countries being comparable to the Spanish group (added cardiovascular risk high or very high of 18.5% in North Africans, and 20% in group from eastern countries). This cardiovascular risk was higher than the other groups, including the Spanish control group (Latin American immigrants 48.7% vs 28% in Spanish group). Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk of immigrants increases over the years in Spain, with this increase being higher if they come from Latin America. This increase becomes clinically significant after the 8 years of stay in Spain(AU)

[Cardiovascular risk of immigrants living in Spain according to origin and years of stay]. / Evolución del riesgo cardiovascular de los inmigrantes residentes en España según procedencia y años de estancia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are differences in the immigrant population in terms of the years since their arrival in Spain and their geographical area of origin. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three immigrant groups. PARTICIPANTS: The groups selected were: a group of Latin American immigrants (298), a group of North African immigrants (130) and a group from Eastern Europe (114). A control group of 100 from a Spanish population of similar age and sex was also included. METHODS: Anthropometric variables were measured, including biochemical inflammatory markers, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk estimation according to the tables of the European Societies of Hypertension and Cardiology. RESULTS: The cardiovascular risk of the three groups of immigrants is similar between them (added cardiovascular risk high or very high at 5.5% in Latin Americans, 4.3% in North Africans, and 1.6% in immigrants from eastern countries), but significantly lower than the Spanish control group (28%). After 8 years in Spain, cardiovascular risk increases in the three groups of immigrants, with those from North Africa and eastern countries being comparable to the Spanish group (added cardiovascular risk high or very high of 18.5% in North Africans, and 20% in group from eastern countries). This cardiovascular risk was higher than the other groups, including the Spanish control group (Latin American immigrants 48.7% vs 28% in Spanish group). CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular risk of immigrants increases over the years in Spain, with this increase being higher if they come from Latin America. This increase becomes clinically significant after the 8 years of stay in Spain.

[Effects of a structured exercise programme on cardiovascular risk programmes in post-menopausal women. CLIDERICA study]. / Efectos de un programa de ejercicio de fuerza/resistencia sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Estudio CLIDERICA.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of a physical exercise programme of strength/stamina on cardiovascular risk factors in low-risk post-menopausal women. DESIGN: Six-month randomised clinical trial with post-menopausal women. SETTING: Three health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three post-menopausal women aged 45 to 59 at low cardiovascular risk. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN MEASUREMENTS: They were split into 2 groups: a) control: 23 people with no specific intervention, and b) 40 people with an intervention of strength/stamina exercise with protocol for in water and on land. At their initial and final visits, everyone in the 2 groups had anamnesis, physical examination, and general analyses, including Apo A, Apo B, insulin, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, creatinine in urine, albuminuria, ultrasensitive PCR, and HOMA index. RESULTS: The insulin levels increased in the control group by 2.02 mU/L and dropped in the experimental group by 0.13 mU/L (P=.021). At the start of the study, creatinine in the control group was 0.83+/-0.12 mg/dL; and at the end, 0.91+/-0.02 mg/dL. In the intervention group it was 0.84+/-0.12 mg/dL at the start and 0.90+/-0.13 mg/dL at the end (NS). Systolic blood pressure dropped in both groups, with a bigger drop in the exercise group (11.81 vs 0.17 mm Hg) (P=.0001). HDL-C values increased in the control group by 4.97 mg/dL; and in the experimental group, by 3.46 mg/dL (NS). CONCLUSIONS: A controlled programme of strength/stamina physical exercise reduces the cardiovascular risk of post-menopausal women.

Efectos de un programa de ejercicio de fuerza/resistencia sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Estudio CLIDERICA / Effects of a structured exercise programme on cardiovascular risk programmes in post-menopausal women. CLIDERICA study

Objetivo. Analizar la influencia de un programa de ejercicio físico de fuerza/resistencia sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de bajo riesgo. Diseño. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de 6 meses de duración. Emplazamiento. El estudio se realizó en 3 centros de salud de la Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia. Participantes. Participaron en el estudio 63 mujeres posmenopáusicas de 45-59 años con riesgo cardiovascular bajo. Intervenciones y mediciones principales. Las mujeres participantes fueron divididas en 2 grupos: a) control, sin intervención específica (n = 23), y b) intervención mediante ejercicio de fuerza/resistencia con protocolo en medio acuático y terrestre (n = 40). A todos los grupos en la visita inicial y final se les realizaron anamnesis, exploración física y analítica general incluyendo Apo A, Apo B, insulina, creatinina sérica, aclaramiento de creatinina, creatinina en orina, albuminuria, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible e índice HOMA. Resultados. Los valores de insulina aumentan en el grupo control 2,02 mU/l y descienden en el grupo experimental 0,13 mU/l (p = 0,021). Al inicio del estudio la creatinina en el grupo control es de 0,83 ± 0,12 mg/dl, y de 0,91 ± 0,02 mg/dl al final del estudio. En el grupo de intervención es de 0,84 ± 0,12 mg/dl al inicio del estudio, y de 0,90 ± 0,13 mg/dl al final (NS). La presión arterial sistólica disminuye en ambos grupos, y es mayor el descenso en el grupo de ejercicio (11,81 frente a 0,17 mmHg); (p = 0,0001). Los valores de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad aumentan en el grupo control (4,97 mg/dl) y en el grupo experimental (3,46 mg/dl) (NS). Conclusiones. Un programa controlado de ejercicio físico de fuerza/resistencia en la mujer posmenopáusica disminuye su riesgo cardiovascular

Objective. To analyse the influence of a physical exercise programme of strength/stamina on cardiovascular risk factors in low-risk post-menopausal women. Design. Six-month randomised clinical trial with post-menopausal women. Setting. Three health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia, Spain. Participants. Sixty-three post-menopausal women aged 45 to 59 at low cardiovascular risk. Interventions and main measurements. They were split into 2 groups: a) control: 23 people with no specific intervention, and b) 40 people with an intervention of strength/stamina exercise with protocol for in water and on land. At their initial and final visits, everyone in the 2 groups had anamnesis, physical examination, and general analyses, including Apo A, Apo B, insulin, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, creatinine in urine, albuminuria, ultrasensitive PCR, and HOMA index. Results. The insulin levels increased in the control group by 2.02 mU/L and dropped in the experimental group by 0.13 mU/L (P=.021). At the start of the study, creatinine in the control group was 0.83±0.12 mg/dL; and at the end, 0.91±0.02 mg/dL. In the intervention group it was 0.84±0.12 mg/dL at the start and 0.90±0.13 mg/dL at the end (NS). Systolic blood pressure dropped in both groups, with a bigger drop in the exercise group (11.81 vs 0.17 mm Hg) (P=.0001). HDL-C values increased in the control group by 4.97 mg/dL; and in the experimental group, by 3.46 mg/dL (NS). Conclusions. A controlled programme of strength/stamina physical exercise reduces the cardiovascular risk of post-menopausal women

Control del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con HTA y diabetes en atención primaria / Assessment of the degree of control of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension and diabetes in primary care

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Inmigración: ¿SOS en hipertensión? / Immigration–hypertension SOS?

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Pacientes que abandonan voluntariamente el tratamiento antihipertensivo. Evolución de su riesgo cardiovascular en un año / Patients who voluntarily abandon treatment for hypertension. Evolution of their cardiovascular risk in one year

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¿Por qué se cambian de médico nuestros pacientes? ¿Qué opinamos los médicos de familia? / Why do our patients change doctors? What do we think of family doctors?

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