La Enfermería Geriátrica en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior / Geriatric nursing on European Space for Higher Education

Problema: ¿Cómo se están estructurando las asignaturas relacionadas con la especialidad de Enfermería Geriátrica en la formación de Grado de Enfermería? Material y método: guías docentes de las universidades, escuelas/facultades de Enfermería, pertenecientes a la Conferencia Nacional de Directores de Centros Universitarios de Enfermería (CNDCUE). Análisis descriptivo de la asignatura que abordan los cuidados de enfermería durante la etapa de la vejez. Conclusiones: existe divergencia en el planteamiento de las asignaturas en las guías analizadas. Se ha modificado la denominación previa y común a todos los centros: Enfermería Geriátrica. El número de competencias propuestas es elevado, lo que puede complicar la evaluación formativa (AU)

Issue: how are subjects related to Geriatric Nursing being organized on Nursing degree education? Material and method: guidebooks about Shools/Faculties of Nursing wich belong to National Conference of Directors of University Centres of Nursing. A subject on nursing care descriptive analysis during old age. Conclusions: There are differences between the approach of the subjects on the guides we ve analized. The previous and common to all centres designation has been modified: Geriatric Nursing. The number of suggested competences is high, so formative evaluation will get complicated (AU)

A new dicyemid from Octopus hubbsorum (Mollusca:Cephalopoda:Octopoda).

A new species of dicyemid mesozoan is described from Octopus hubbsorum Berry, 1953, collected in the south of Bahia de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Dicyema guaycurense n. sp. is a medium-size species that reaches about 1,600 µm in length. It occurs in folds of the renal appendages. The vermiform stages are characterized as having 22 peripheral cells, a conical calotte, and an axial cell that extends to the base of the propolar cells. Infusoriform embryos consist of 39 cells; 1 nucleus is present in each urn cell and the refringent bodies are solid. This is the first of a dicyemid species from a host collected in the Gulf of California.

[A descriptive study of the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. / Estudio descriptivo sobre el perfil socio-demográfico y clínico del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): characteristics, state of health, situation of disease and social resources. METHOD: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study, in the Morales Meseguer and Reina Sofía Hospitals in Murcia (Spain), was performed between June 2007 and April 2008. The inclusion criteria was hospital admission due to COPD and patients with cognitive deterioration, a hospital stay > 30 days or < 2 days, or were institutionalised, were excluded. Socio-demographic, state of health and social variables were collected using the patient's clinical history and an interview during hospital stay and at discharge. The descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v.15. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients were studied, of which 90.2% were males who had a mean age of 72.76 ± 8.04 years, 95.1% were in an inactive work situation and had a mean score on the social problem scale of 8.08 ± 2.1. Most were in a fragile state (71.3%), approximately half (44.8%) suffered heart disease as the main co-morbidity factor, and the impact of the disease on quality of life was 55.1 ± 19.01. The level of knowledge on the therapeutic regime was 3.13 ± 0.7. A total of 72% were independent for carrying out Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the population that suffers from COPD were elderly males, who were retired without social problems, with a high percentage of co-morbidity, an intermediate alteration in their quality of life, having a moderate level of knowledge about the therapeutic regime and were independent for BADL, but fragile.

Estudio descriptivo sobre el perfil socio-demográfico y clínico del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / A descriptive study of the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objetivo. Conocer el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC): características, estado de salud, situación de enfermedad y recursos sociales. Método Estudio descriptivo:, longitudinal y prospectivo, en los Hospitales Morales Meseguer y Reina Sofía de Murcia, entre junio de 2007 y abril de 2008. El criterio de inclusión fue ingreso por EPOC, y se excluyó a pacientes con deterioro cognitivo, ingreso superior a 30 días o inferior a 2 e institucionalizados. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, estado de salud y social (escalas validadas) mediante historia clínica y entrevista durante la estancia y al alta. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizó mediante SPSS v.15.ResultadosSe estudió a 143 pacientes; el 90,2% eran varones; la media de edad, 72,76±8,04 años; el 95,1% estaba en situación laboral inactiva y tenía una puntuación media en la escala de problemas sociales de 8,08±2,1. El 71,3% es frágil, el 44,8% padece cardiopatía como principal factor de comorbilidad, y el impacto de la enfermedad en la calidad de vida fue de 55,1±19,01. El nivel de conocimientos sobre el régimen terapéutico fue de 3,13±0,7. El 72% son independientes para actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) tras el alta hospitalaria. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de la población que padece EPOC son varones de edad avanzada, jubilados sin problemas sociales, con un elevado porcentaje de comorbilidad, una alteración intermedia en la calidad de vida y un nivel moderado de conocimientos sobre el régimen terapéutico y son independientes para ABVD, pero frágiles (AU)

Objective. To find out the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): characteristics, state of health, situation of disease and social resources. Method. A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study, in the Morales Meseguer and Reina Sofía Hospitals in Murcia (Spain), was performed between June 2007 and April 2008. The inclusion criteria was hospital admission due to COPD and patients with cognitive deterioration, a hospital stay >30 days or<2 days, or were institutionalised, were excluded. Socio-demographic, state of health and social variables were collected using the patient's clinical history and an interview during hospital stay and at discharge. The descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v.15. Results. A total of 143 patients were studied, of which 90.2% were males who had a mean age of 72.76±8.04 years, 95.1% were in an inactive work situation and had a mean score on the social problem scale of 8.08±2.1. Most were in a fragile state (71.3%), approximately half (44.8%) suffered heart disease as the main co-morbidity factor, and the impact of the disease on quality of life was 55.1±19.01. The level of knowledge on the therapeutic regime was 3.13±0.7. A total of 72% were independent for carrying out Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) after hospital discharge. Conclusions. Most of the population that suffers from COPD were elderly males, who were retired without social problems, with a high percentage of co-morbidity, an intermediate alteration in their quality of life, having a moderate level of knowledge about the therapeutic regime and were independent for BADL, but fragile (AU)

Utilidad y dificultades para la realización del informe de enfermería al alta hospitalaria según las enfermeras del Hospital de Fuenlabrada / Usefulness and difficulties for the elaboration of the nursing discharge report, according to Hospital de Fuenlabrada (Spain) nursing group

Objetivo. Evaluar la percepción de la utilidad y las dificultades de elaboración del actual informe de recomendaciones de cuidados al alta por parte de las enfermeras de hospitalización del Hospital de Fuenlabrada (Madrid). Método. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, a través de cuestionario, realizado a todas las enfermeras de unidades de hospitalizaciónen el Hospital de Fuenlabrada; desarrollado durante el último trimestre de 2006. El cuestionario recogía variables sociodemográficas, variables referidas a la percepción de la utilidad del informe en general y variables para medir la dificultad de cumplimentación del informe. Se entregaron y recogieron personalmente en las unidades de hospitalización. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron el test de 2 y el test de la t de Student y/o el análisis de la varianza. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS/PC versión 12.0.Resultados. Se obtuvieron un total de 74 cuestionarios contestados (57,4% de la población de estudio). De las enfermeras encuestadas, 61 (82,4%) consideraron útil el informe de recomendaciones de cuidados al alta para asegurar la continuidad de los cuidados y 57 (77%) estimaron que es útil para facilitar información a los pacientes. Un total de 60 (82,1%) profesionales consideraron que la estructura del informe es poco o algo adecuada. Conclusiones. El nivel de satisfacción de las enfermeras con el informe es alto. Lo consideran una buena herramienta para asegurarla continuidad de los cuidados, y además es útil para el paciente. El principal elemento que se debe mejorar es su estructura (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the utility and difficulty of writing the nursing discharge report perceived by nurses working in the hospitalization unit of the Fuenlabrada Hospital in Spain. Method. We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study in all nurses working in hospitalization units in the Fuenlabrada Hospital(Madrid) in the last trimester of 2006. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables, variables related to perceived utility of the report in general and variables measuring the difficulty of completing the report. The questionnaires weredelivered to the hospitalization units and collected personally. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test and Student’s t-test and/or analysis of variance were used. The SPSS/PC statistical package, version 12.0, was used. Results. Seventy-four completed questionnaires were obtained (57.4 % of the population analyzed). Of the nurses surveyed, 61(82.4 %) considered the report to be useful in assuring continuity of care and 57 nurses (77 %) thought it useful in providing information to the patients. In total, 60 nurses (82.1 %) considered the report’s structure to be not very suitable or unsuitable. Conclusions. Nurses’ satisfaction with the report is high. The report is seen as effective in assuring continuity of care and as useful to patients. However, the report’s structure should be improved (AU)

Manifestaciones dérmicas en hemodiálisis. Cuidados de enfermería ¿nuevo enfoque? / Dermic manifestations in haemodialysis. Nursing care - a new approach?

Las lesiones vasculares periféricas son frecuentes en pacientes de edad avanzada y con insuficiencia renal de larga evolución, asociadas o no con hiperparatiroidismo y/o alteraciones metabólicas. El progresivo envejecimiento de la población en hemodiálisis nos hace suponer, que en los próximos años se produzca un incremento en la aparición de lesiones dermatológicas asociadas a patología vascular. Este estudio observacional y retrospectivo intenta registrarla prevalencia en nuestra unidad de lesiones cutáneas durante los últimos tres años y reflejar los cuidados de enfermería, que sin un protocolo previo establecido, se han desarrollado. Nuestros resultados muestran que el 15% de los pacientes presentaron lesiones cutáneas. El 27% eran diabéticos, 27% presentaban patología vascular periférica, 29% hiperparatiroidismo, de los que el 40% desarrollaron lesiones de calcifilaxia. Observamos desde una pequeña pápula hasta lesiones más evolucionadas de ulceras con tejido necrótico que empezamos a tratar de forma empírica con curas locales, cobertura profiláctica antibiótica y analgesia oral o iv, sila precisaba el paciente. El diagnóstico etiológico confirmó que el 47% ya presentaban isquemia grado IV y un 33% lesión histológica de calcifilaxis. Por ello, nos planteamos incorporar protocolos para el cuidado de lesiones dérmicas en hemodiálisis

Peripheral vascular injuries are common in elderly patients with chronic renal failure, whether or not associated to hyperparathyroidism and/or metabolic alterations. The progressive ageing of the populations on haemodialysis leads us to assume that in future years an increase will occur in the appearance of dermatological injuries associated to vascular pathology. This observational and retrospective study tries to record the prevalence in our unit of skin injuries during the last three years and to reflect the nursing care that has been developed, without a previously established protocol. Our results show that 15% of patients showed skin injuries.27% were diabetic, 27% suffered from peripheral vascular pathology, 29% had hyperparathyroidism, of whom 40%developed calciphylaxia. We observed from a small papule to more developed ulcers with necrotic tissue which we started to treat empirically with local treatment, preventive antibiotic cover and oral or IV analgesic, if the patient needed it. The etiological diagnosis confirmed that 47% already had 4th degree ischemia and 33% calciphylaxis histologicalinjury. Accordingly, we considered introducing protocols for the care of skin injuries in hemodialysis

Terapias complementarias en los cuidados: humor y risoterapia / Complementary therapies in the cares: humour and laugh

Dentro de las terapias complementarias, la utilización de la risoterapia aporta beneficios tanto en la salud como en las situaciones de enfermedad, siendo un "instrumento de cuidados" barato y sin efectos secundarios. La tendencia actual hacia todo lo natural, las corrientes sobre cuidados de salud de las distintas culturas, unidas a las recomendaciones de la OMS a los enfermeros sobre la necesidad de utilizar los "métodos tradicionales y complementarios" para conseguir mejorar la salud de la población, hacen que la risoterapia sea una alternativa como instrumento opcional de cuidados. Planteamos una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer la aplicación de la risoterapia en la salud y más concretamente en los cuidados enfermeros.Del análisis de los resultados podemos concretar que la risa se trabaja en diferentes ámbitos profesionales, no sólo en el sanitario. Es en el campo de la comunicación donde más se divulga esta terapia. Hemos encontrado pocas publicaciones de enfermería, pero muy valiosas ya que trabajan en el terreno de la investigación y de la docencia. Sería interesante que los profesionales de enfermería utilizaran esta terapia que mejora la calidad de los cuidados y ofrece un campo independiente propicio para la investigación

Related to complementary therapies, humour and laugh contribute to enhance health status and diminish illness situations. Humour as a therapy is an inexpensive tool in the patient care and it has not secondary effects in most cases. Current tendencies, either about natural ways to health or believes on health care of popular cultures, and who recommendations to patients in the use of traditional and complementary methods to improve population health, make humour and laugh an alternative therapy as an optional care tool. We have reviewed the literature with the aim of recognize the application of humour therapy on health and more specifically on nurse cares.On the basis of the review we can state that humour is utilized and applied in several professional environments, apart from the health one. This therapy is widely spread in the communication area. We have found few publications on nurse literature although they are high valuable since they work in the fields of research and education. It would be interesting that nurse professionals use this complementary therapy that enhance the quality of cares and offers an independent field favourable for research

Bupropion effects on aggressiveness and anxiety in OF1 male mice.

RATIONALE: Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that is being used to help in giving up smoking. Its behavioral effects have been evaluated in different animal models, although limited information is available regarding its effects on aggressiveness, anxiety and exploratory behavior. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate acute effects of bupropion on locomotor activity, isolation-induced aggression, hole-board and elevated plus-maze tests in OF1 male mice. METHODS: In the first experiment, effects of bupropion (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on locomotion were evaluated. In the second experiment, isolation-induced aggression was assessed in isolated male mice previously classified as short attack latency (SL) and long attack latency (LL). Mice were treated with bupropion or vehicle and confronted with standard opponents for 10 min. In experiments 3 and 4, mice were treated with bupropion or vehicle and 30 min later examined in the plus-maze or in the hole-board apparatus. RESULTS: In the actimeter, bupropion induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotion. During agonistic encounters, bupropion (10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) increased time devoted to attack in LL mice. In the plus-maze, no significant differences were found between bupropion-treated and vehicle-treated mice in the percentage of entries or time spent in open arms. In the hole-board, the highest dose of bupropion (40 mg/kg) significantly decreased number of head-dips and increased latency to the first head-dip. CONCLUSIONS: During agonistic encounters the two sub-groups of mice (SL and LL) may display differential sensitivity in drug-induced changes on aggressiveness, since bupropion increased attack only in mice with "long attack latency" in the pre-screening test. In the plus-maze, this drug does not seem to have specific actions on anxiety and in the hole-board a high dose had similar effects to those induced by anxiogenic drugs.

Revisión bibliográfica del informe de valoración al alta de enfermería / Bibliographic review on the assessment report at the time of nursing care discharge

La utilización sistemática de un informe de valoración al alta de enfermería nos proporciona ventajas desde distintos puntos de vista profesional: de la gestión de cuidados, docente, de investigación y desde la legalidad. Objetivo: En nuestro trabajo analizamos las publicaciones existentes sobre el informe de valoración al alta de enfermería (IVAE), siendo éste el resumen de la historia de enfermería. Material y método: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo, sobre la revisión bibliográfica acerca del IVAE, en 32 artículos publicados en revistas de enfermería en el contexto español. Resultados: La mayoría valora las ventajas de su utilización, destacando que mejora la continuidad de cuidados, facilita la coordinación y comunicación entre profesionales y refleja el trabajo de enfermería. Entre las desventajas o problemas de su utilización se encuentran la necesidad de tener unos conocimientos previos y motivación. Para su elaboración consideran requisito importante la adopción de un modelo de enfermería. Entre los elementos que componen el informe de alta no hay unanimidad de criterios. Conclusiones: Su utilización ofrece bastantes ventajas profesionales (AU)

Endocarditis tricuspídea en válvulanativa por Enterococcus faecalis / An unusual case of tricuspid endocarditis by Enterococcus faecalis in native valve

No disponible

Online hourly determination of 62 VOCs in ambient air: system evaluation and comparison with another two analytical techniques.

This paper presents results of the processing and validation of data collected by an automatic gas chromatograph (AGC). This system was used to monitor 62 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air in the Basque Country, Spain. The nonpolar compounds (C2-C10) identified-paraffins, olefins, aromatics, and chlorinated compounds-accounted for 88% of the mass of total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHCs) in ambient air. The evaluation of linearity, precision, detection limits (DLs), and stability of retention times (RTs) indicates that the equipment is suitable for measuring ambient air automatically for prolonged periods (6 months). The calibration of the equipment using response factors calculated on the basis of the effective carbon number (ECN) showed variations of over 10% for acetylene, isoprene, and n-hexane. The results provided by the automatic chromatograph correlated significantly with simultaneous results from other widely used techniques for determining VOCs in ambient air: (1) portable GC, equipped with photoionization detector (PID), and (2) active adsorption on Tenax-TA followed by thermal desorption and chromatographic analysis.

Adenocarcinoma de yeyuno: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Adenocarcinoma of the jejunm: presesentation of an case and revision of the literature

El adenocarcinoma es el tumor maligno más frecuente encontrado en el íntestino delgado. Las lesiones son normalmente anulares o ulcerativas. Debido a que el contenido del intestino delgado es fluído el proceso obstructivo no parece ocurrir hasta que el estenosis es prácticamente completa y al momento de ser diagnosticado, la metástasis a ganglios linfáticos ya está presente. Parece sorprendente que con la área de mucosa expuesta con las neoplasia de estómago e intestino grueso, de ahí la importancia de su estudio