Construction and Evaluation of a Realistic Low-Cost Model for Training in Chest-Tube Insertion.

INTRODUCTION: Emergency thoracostomy is applied in life-threatening situations. Simulation plays a pivotal role in training in invasive techniques used mainly in stressful situations. Currently available commercial simulation models for thoracostomy have various drawbacks. METHODS: We designed a thoracostomy phantom from discarded hospital materials and pigskin with underlying flesh. The phantom can be used alone for developing technical skills or mounted on an actor in simulation scenarios. Medical students, intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department teams, and thoracostomy experts evaluated its technical fidelity and usefulness for achieving learning objectives in workshops. RESULTS: The materials used to construct the phantom cost €47. A total of 12 experts in chest-tube placement and 73 workshop participants (12 ICU physicians and nurses, 20 emergency physicians and nurses, and 41 fourth-year medical students) evaluated the model. All groups rated the model's usefulness and the sensation of perforating the pleura highly. Experts rated the air release after pleura perforation lower than other groups. Lung reexpansion was the lowest rated item in all groups. Ratings of the appearance and feel of the model correlated strongly among all groups and experts. The ICU professionals rated the resistance encountered in introducing the chest drain lower than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: This low-cost, reusable, transportable, and highly realistic model is an attractive alternative to commercial models for training in chest-tube insertion skills.

Nueva plantilla para diseñar escenarios de simulación: interrelación de elementos en un vistazo / New template for simulation scenario design: interrelation of the elements at a single glance

Idealmente, la simulación clínica debería ser aplicada a todos los ámbitos para la formación de los profesionales antes de proceder sobre el paciente, pero su uso se ve limitado porque muchas de las herramientas didácticas disponibles precisan simuladores sofisticados y experiencia previa, ya que se centran en aspectos específicos del diseño de escenarios pero no muestran una visión global del proceso. Por este motivo es acuciante simplificarlas, especialmente pensando en instructores noveles. Presentamos una plantilla que durante toda la fase de diseño mantiene a la vista los elementos esenciales en un único plano, lo que permite comprender fácilmente las relaciones entre ellos y, consecuentemente, las bases conceptuales del diseño de escenarios. En nuestra experiencia, esta plantilla mejora la comprensión de la metodología de diseño, especialmente en instructores noveles. Además, creemos que es útil para preparar simulaciones clínicas puesto que su estructura permite detectar incoherencias precozmente, aumenta el realismo y mejora el enfoque del escenario hacia los objetivos del debriefing. Por último, es exportable a cualquier nivel tecnológico por no requerir simuladores complejos. No se pretende aportar nuevos conceptos en simulación, sino ofrecer una herramienta que facilite la comprensión de la metodología de diseño de escenarios, especialmente para instructores no expertos

Ideally, simulation should be applied in all clinical settings for training professionals before proceeding on the patient, but its use is still limited because many available teaching tools need prior experience and sophisticated simulators. Thus, it is mandatory to simplify them, especially if we focus on novel instructors. We present a template that provides an integrative and simultaneous vision during the design phase of the key simulation design components. This allows the designer to revise them easily at a glance and consequently understand the relationship between these elements. In our practical experience, this template has improved the novel instructors' understanding about the scenario design. Moreover, we believe it can be useful to get better clinical simulations since its structure allows detecting internal inconsistencies at an early stage, increases realism and improves the focus of the scenario towards the objectives of debriefing. It is exportable to all technological levels, since it does not require complex simulators. The template does not contain new concepts in simulation but offers a tool that facilitates a better understanding of the scenario design methodology since it integrates all the elements in a unique plane, especially for non-expert instructors

Un comentario sobre el nuevo modelo de tejido para el aprendizaje y práctica de la canalización ecoguiada de vías centrales / Comments on the novel model for learning and practice of ultrasound-guided central vein cannulation

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