[Why Men Choose for Concealment and Against Disclosure of their Depressive Illness? A Qualitative Study]. / Warum entscheiden sich Männer für Geheimhaltung und gegen Offenlegung einer depressiven Erkrankung? Eine qualitative Studie.

OBJECTIVE: The qualitative study aims to explore reasons and occations for concealment in male participants with depression. METHODS: Five focus groups with 16 men were analysed via Qualitative Content Analysis. RESULTS: Four motives of concealment have been explored: 1. continuity of professional career, 2. Ensure acceptance and social belonging, 3. control over social identity, 4. avoiding loads of personal environment. Participants differentiate from stereotypes of hegemonic male gender norms. However, participants connect to hegemonic male gender norms when attributing professional success with vigour and assertiveness. CONCLUSION: Results confirm the presence of hegemonic male gender norms particularly on the job. As a consequence, men with depressiopn replicate self- and social stigma if they fail to comply with hegemonic male gender roles. Workplace interventions that react to discrimination of mental health problems may be beneficial for men with depression.

[Sexuality in Forensic Psychiatry. Results of a Qualitative Study on Professionals' Perspectives and Recommendations for Clinical Practice]. / Sexualität im Maßregelvollzug. Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Befragung von Mitarbeitenden und Handlungsempfehlungen für die klinische Praxis.

OBJECTIVE: Investigation of employees' perspectives on sexuality and sexual health of inpatients in two gender-separated forensic psychiatries in Bavaria. METHODS: 19 semi-structured interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The results were discussed with employees and a recommendation for action was developed. RESULTS: Employees describe insufficient and non-systematic consideration of sexuality in forensic institutions. Regulations on permitted and non-permitted behavior either do not exist, are unknown or remain on an implicit level for many employees and patients. CONCLUSION: The consideration of sexuality and the sexual needs of patients should be comprehensible and transparent. An attached recommendation for dealing with sexuality can help institutions to give more consideration to sexuality in forensic institutions.

Artificial intelligence-informed mobile mental health apps for young people: a mixed-methods approach on users' and stakeholders' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Novel approaches in mobile mental health (mHealth) apps that make use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Ecological Momentary Assessments, and Ecological Momentary Interventions have the potential to support young people in the achievement of mental health and wellbeing goals. However, little is known on the perspectives of young people and mental health experts on this rapidly advancing technology. This study aims to investigate the subjective needs, attitudes, and preferences of key stakeholders towards an AI-informed mHealth app, including young people and experts on mHealth promotion and prevention in youth. METHODS: We used a convergent parallel mixed-method study design. Two semi-structured online focus groups (n = 8) and expert interviews (n = 5) to explore users and stakeholders perspectives were conducted. Furthermore a representative online survey was completed by young people (n = 666) to investigate attitudes, current use and preferences towards apps for mental health promotion and prevention. RESULTS: Survey results show that more than two-thirds of young people have experience with mHealth apps, and 60% make regular use of 1-2 apps. A minority (17%) reported to feel negative about the application of AI in general, and 19% were negative about the embedding of AI in mHealth apps. This is in line with qualitative findings, where young people displayed rather positive attitudes towards AI and its integration into mHealth apps. Participants reported pragmatic attitudes towards data sharing and safety practices, implying openness to share data if it adds value for users and if the data request is not too intimate, however demanded transparency of data usage and control over personalization. Experts perceived AI-informed mHealth apps as a complementary solution to on-site delivered interventions in future health promotion among young people. Experts emphasized opportunities in regard with low-threshold access through the use of smartphones, and the chance to reach young people in risk situations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this exploratory study highlight the importance of further participatory development of training components prior to implementation of a digital mHealth training in routine practice of mental health promotion and prevention. Our results may help to guide developments based on stakeholders' first recommendations for an AI-informed mHealth app.

[Fatherhood and Depression: Dealing with Depression in the Family from the Fathers' Perspective - A Qualitative Study]. / Vaterschaft und Depression: familiärer Umgang mit einer depressiven Erkrankung aus Sicht von Vätern ­ eine qualitative Untersuchung.

OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the experiences of depressed fathers in dealing with their depressive disorder in the family. METHODS: 17 semi-structured narrative interviews were conducted and analyzed following a Grounded Theory Approach. RESULTS: Fathers describe individual coping strategies in dealing with their depressive disorder that aim at independently coping from their family (self-management, [non])disclosure of the disorder). CONCLUSION: Fathers should be supported in (the decision-making process of) disclosing their illness to the family and developing coping strategies that take family needs further into account.

[Men with Depression and Inpatient Mental Health Treatment: Professionals' Perspectives on Treatment Needs and Aims]. / Männer mit depressiven Erkrankungen in der stationären Behandlung: Bedarf und Behandlungsziele aus Sicht psychiatrischer Fachkräfte.

OBJECTIVE: To meet mental health needs in men with depression, gender sensitive services are needed and recommended. Therefore, mental health professionals' views on care needs among men with depression that should be met by gender-sensitive services were assessed and consequences for inpatient treatment are considered. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals focusing on men's specific needs in depression treatment against the background of male gender role expectations. Qualitative Content Analysis was performed using MAXqda-Software. RESULTS: Men with depression benefit from individual talk with staff and structured activity during treatment. Men-only groups are assessed as enabling critical reflection of aspects of masculinity. Physical activities and handicraft enable men to examine their performance level. Services focusing on men's specific needs are assessed as helpful but largely inexistent. CONCLUSION: Expectations of social gender roles and their implications for mental health treatment should be considered in both mental health professional training and mental health treatment.