Effect of Diet before Bariatric Surgery on Ghrelin Level through DNA Methylation.

INTRODUCTION: The ghrelin system, which generates the appetite hormone, is harmed by obesity, a problem of worldwide public health. An efficient way to cure obesity is through bariatric surgery. This randomized controlled study's objective was to assess preoperative diet-related DNA methylation of Ghrelin (GHRL) levels in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: The 50 patients who volunteered to participate in the trial were randomly divided into two groups. The study group followed the very low-calorie diet for 2 weeks. The control group did not follow any diet. The physiological parameters, weight, and DNA methylation levels of the patients were assessed. RESULTS: The percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) in the control and study groups was determined as 47.1% and 51.5%, respectively. The study group's GHRL percentage of methylated reference was 76.8%, whereas the control group's was 67.3%. It was concluded that the EWL and GHRL gene DNA methylation of the diet-treated study group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the findings, the pre-op diet had a favorable effect on the patient's behavior modification. It has also been shown to increase postoperative weight loss and DNA methylation of the Ghrelin gene. The ghrelin gene has been muted by methylation, making hunger regulation more manageable.

Nutrient retention in popular dishes based on Google Trends data in Hatay cuisine.

Introduction: Introduction: Hatay cuisine has an important place in Turkey and world cuisine. It consists of meat dishes, stuffed vegetables, vegetable dishes, jams, pickles, pilafs, soups, appetizers and salads, herbs collected from nature, desserts, pastries, dairy products and dry foods. The culinary processes differing in cultures alter nutrient value of foods. Food preparation and processing operations affect contents and bioavailability of micronutrients in traditional dishes. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the influence of traditional food preparation and processing methods in vitamins and minerals. In this study, nutrient retention in popular dishes of Hatay cuisine was analyzed. Material and methods: Google Trends is an open access tool that allows to determine the popularity of search terms. In the current study, the most common dishes searched in the last 12 months by individiuals living in Hatay province were selected. Sihilmahsi, tepsi kebabi, tuzlu yogurt çorbasi, humus and künefe were the most searched on the web. We used the Nutrient Retention Factor Table of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the nutrient content of the Turkish traditional dishes described above was calculated after cooking of Hatay cuisine. Results: the highest loss of micronutrients has been found in vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12 and thiamine. In sihilmahsi, the highest loss was in folate, with 40 %. In tepsi kebabi, the highest loss appeared in vitamin B6, with 50 %. In tuzlu yogurt soup, 70 % loss of B12 was reported. In humus, the highest loss was in folate at the level of 40 %. In künefe, the most loss occurred in folate with 30 %. Clonclusion: specific cooking, preparation and preservation practices of traditional dishes that are compatible with local experience can be encouraged as an alternative or adjunct to other methods of increasing the availability of micronutrients in foods.

Introducción: Introducción: la cocina Hatay tiene un lugar importante en Turquía y en la cocina mundial. Se compone de platos de carne, verduras rellenas, platos de verduras, mermeladas, encurtidos, pilafs, sopas, aperitivos y ensaladas, hierbas recolectadas de la naturaleza, postres, repostería, productos lácteos y alimentos secos. Los procesos culinarios que difieren en las culturas alteran el valor nutritivo de los alimentos. Las operaciones de preparación y procesamiento de los alimentos afectan el contenido y la biodisponibilidad de los micronutrientes en los platos tradicionales. Se han llevado a cabo varios estudios para investigar la influencia de los métodos tradicionales de preparación y procesamiento de alimentos en las vitaminas y los minerales. En este estudio se analizó la retención de nutrientes en platos populares de la cocina Hatay. Material y métodos: Google Trends es una herramienta de libre acceso que permite determinar la popularidad de los términos de búsqueda. En el estudio actual, se seleccionaron los platos más comunes buscados en los últimos 12 meses por personas que viven en la provincia de Hatay. Sihilmehsi, kebab en bandeja, sopa de yogur salada, hummus y künefe fueron los más buscados en la web. Usamos la tabla de factores de retención de nutrientes del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos (USDA, por sus siglas en inglés) y el contenido de nutrientes de los platos tradicionales turcos descritos anteriormente se calculó después de cocinar la cocina Hatay. Resultados: las mayores pérdidas de micronutrientes se han encontrado en vitamina B6, folato, vitamina B12 y tiamina. En sihilmehsi, la pérdida más alta fue de folato, con un 40 %. En el kebab en bandeja la mayor pérdida se presentó en vitamina B6, con un 50 %. En la sopa de yogur salada, se informó una pérdida del 70 % de B12. En hummus, la mayor pérdida fue en folato, a un nivel del 40 %. En künefe, la mayor pérdida se presentó en folato, con un 30 %. Conclusión: se pueden fomentar prácticas específicas de cocción, preparación y conservación de platos tradicionales que sean compatibles con la experiencia local como alternativa o complemento de otros métodos para aumentar la disponibilidad de micronutrientes en los alimentos.

Preparation and evaluation of novel functional fermented dairy products containing propolis and cinnamon.

Novel functional food products might be an easy accessible and eligible approach to help reduce the risk of severe viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. Hence a product containing probiotics, propolis and cinnamon was developed and interferences of the ingredients were characterized. Yogurts were prepared using starter cultures with propolis (0.03%) and cinnamon in various concentrations (0.3%, 1%, and 2.5%). Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were used as microorganisms for yogurt production. Chemical analysis revealed a decline of fat matter in the presence of propolis and/or cinnamon. Propolis had statistically significant suppressive effects on Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis as well as on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus numbers (p < 0.05). These effects were diminished in the presence of increasing cinnamon concentrations. For Lactobacillus acidophilus a statistically significant reducing effect on the number of colonies was observed in all products investigated. Nevertheless all samples met the standard of recommended level of ≥ 106 viable cells/g of a product. Propolis showed an inverse effect on Streptococcus thermophilus by increasing its colony numbers in yogurts. The probiotic yogurt samples containing propolis (0.03%) and cinnamon (2.5%) gained the highest number of points in the sensory evaluation compared to control.

Assessment of the Correlation Between Weight Status and the Frequency of Dietician Interviews in Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the weight status of sleeve gastrectomy patients during the first two postoperative years and the frequency of dietician interviews. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and the subjects were patients who had surgery at a special obesity clinic, Bariatriklab, in Istanbul, Turkey, between February 01, 2014, and February 01, 2018.The mean age ± standard deviation of the participants was 38.8 ± 11.9 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) ± standard deviation was 44.2 ± 6.1 kg/m2 preoperatively. The preoperative (pre-op) and 12-, 18-, and 24-month postoperative (post-op) weights and the frequency of interviews with dieticians for 2 years after the operation were collected, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 23.0. RESULTS: A total of 247 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) patients, 161 women (65.2%) and 86 men (34.8%), were evaluated in this study. As the frequency of dietician interviews increased in the first year, the amount of excess weight loss (EWL) increased in the second year (p < 0.01). In addition, as the frequency of dietician interviews increased in the second year, the amount of EWL in the second year decreased (p < 0.01). The frequency of dietician counseling among participants who did not experience weight loss between 12 and 24 months was significantly higher than that among those who experienced weight loss (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It should not be forgotten that bariatric surgery requires teamwork, and patients should be cared for with an interdisciplinary approach. Dieticians play an important role in changing nutritional habits and making them sustainable.

Assessment of the Quality and Reliability of Information on Nutrition After Bariatric Surgery on YouTube.

BACKGROUND: YouTube™ is a platform that many people, including patients, use to access health information. Recent studies have revealed that videos on YouTube™ are misleading or that medical videos may not contain appropriate information. This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of videos on nutrition after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords "after bariatric surgery diet" and "weight loss surgery postop diet" were used, and the first 100 videos for each keyword on YouTube™ were analyzed by considering the source, duration, content, and the number of likes of the video. The popularity of the video was calculated using the video power index (VPI) and view rate. The educational quality of the videos was evaluated using the DISCERN score, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, the Global Quality Score (GQS), the usefulness score, and a novel postoperation nutrition score (PONS). RESULTS: One hundred fourteen patients were included in the study. The mean duration and number of views were 12.51 min and 87,558.46, respectively. The DISCERN score, JAMA score, GQS, and usefulness score of the physicians or dietician-based videos were significantly higher than those of the patient-based videos (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between the VPI and view ratio, as well as between the duration and number of likes. Additionally, the DISCERN score was significant correlated with the duration and number of likes. Significantly positive correlations were found between the usefulness score and duration, usefulness score and number of likes, and PONS and duration (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Informational videos on nutrition after bariatric surgery on YouTube™ are of low quality. Although the videos uploaded by physicians and dieticians have higher quality, only a few are available. Additionally, patients prefer to watch low-quality videos.