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1.
Int J Neurosci ; : 1-7, 2022 Dec 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36533413

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The trigemino-cervical complex (TCC) seems under dopaminergic inhibitory control and the abnormalities of trigemino-cervical reflex (TCR) have been reported in disorders associated with the dopaminergic system and various pain disorders. If the inhibitory response in TCC is likely dopaminergic, we hypothesized that TCR, which has never been evaluated in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients before, would be also abnormal. METHODS: TCR was recorded from bilateral sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis muscles in consecutive 15 drug-naive RLS patients and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The right and left infraorbital branches of the trigeminal nerve were stimulated by percutaneous electrical stimulation separately. The presence rates, onset latencies, amplitudes, and durations of responses were measured and compared between patients with RLS and controls. RESULTS: The presence rates, onset latencies and amplitudes of TCR responses were similar between RLS patients and controls, however, the durations of responses were bilaterally longer in RLS patients compared to healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperexcitability of TCR suggests defective sensory processing in the brainstem probably due to impairment of descending inhibitory dopaminergic system in RLS. The sensitization of TCC in RLS patients may also be a possible factor that might explain the association of RLS and pain disorders.

2.
Clin EEG Neurosci ; 53(1): 54-60, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33356510

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to research the effect of cognitive tasks on interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in patients with epilepsy who had reported cognitive functions as a seizure trigger. We investigated the usefulness of cognitive function tasks as a method of activation in standard-awake EEG in daily practice. METHODS: Standard-awake EEG with cognitive activation tasks consisting of verbal and arithmetic tasks was administered to 35 (11.7%) of 299 patients with epilepsy who reported cognitive functions as a reflex seizure stimulus. During the background EEG, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (17 patients) with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and group 2 (18 patients) without IEDs. RESULTS: IEDs were activated by a verbal task in 11.4% of patients and by an arithmetic task in 5.7%. All activated patients were in the genetic/idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) group. In group 1, IEDs were activated in 17.6% of patients by a verbal task and in 5.9% by an arithmetic task. Both verbal and arithmetic tasks showed provocative effect in one patient in group 2. Hyperventilation was the most effective activation method, followed by cognitive activation tasks and photic stimulation. The provocative effects of verbal and arithmetic tasks were comparable to those of photic stimulation. CONCLUSION: Cognitive tasks might activate the IEDs in patients reporting cognitive functions as a seizure trigger, particularly in IGE. Brief and standardized cognitive activation tasks should be developed and applied as a method of activation during standard-awake EEG recordings to increase the diagnostic yield of EEG.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Generalizada , Cognição , Humanos , Reflexo , Convulsões/diagnóstico
3.
Neurologist ; 23(3): 94-97, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29722743

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Photosensitivity, which is a main feature of Jeavons syndrome, can be seen in other types of idiopathic or genetic epilepsies with focal or generalized seizures and tends to disappear spontaneously usually in the second decade. Although it responds well to antiepileptic treatment, especially to valproic acid, it may continue into adulthood in rare cases. CASE REPORT: We describe a 63-year-old male patient with eyelid myoclonia with absences, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and severe photosensitivity accompanied by eyelid myoclonia. Seizures were treated with antiepileptic treatment, whereas photosensitivity still continued on electroencephalogram without clinical findings. CONCLUSION: Our elderly patient with Jeavons syndrome with ongoing remarkable photosensitivity demonstrated that it may continue to older ages, although it is uncommon.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Tipo Ausência/complicações , Mioclonia/complicações , Estimulação Luminosa/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Tipo Ausência/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Tipo Ausência/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mioclonia/tratamento farmacológico , Mioclonia/etiologia
5.
Neurol Sci ; 38(4): 611-617, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28083761

RESUMO

Studies have suggested a possible association of migraine and increased risk of ischemic stroke in young adults, particularly in smokers and in women who use oral contraceptive drugs. We aimed to analyze the association between migraine and ischemic stroke in young population in a hospital-based cohort. We included 202 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke who were between 15 and 50 years and age- and gender-matched 250 volunteers with no history of stroke. All participants were interviewed using a questionnaire for migraine. Localization of ischemic lesion was classified as anterior and posterior circulation according to neuroimaging findings. The cause of ischemic lesion and all risk factors were recorded. Undetermined etiology was the most frequent (43.1%) and the most common determined cause was cardioembolism (22.3%) in young stroke patients. Frequency of migraine was 30.2% among patients with stroke whereas 16.8% of healthy subjects had migraine (p = 0.001). Migraine with aura was significantly more common among patients with stroke compared to healthy subjects (18.3 vs 4.4%; p = 0.000) whereas the frequency of migraine without aura was similar in both groups (11.9 vs 12.4%). Using logistic regression, migraine with aura was shown to be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in young population (p = 0.000) and separate analysis for gender demonstrated that it was only a risk factor for women (p = 0.009) but not for men (p = 0.107). Migraine with aura was found to be more common in ischemic stroke in young patients. It was an independent risk factor in women.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Enxaqueca com Aura/epidemiologia , Enxaqueca sem Aura/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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