The effects of white noise and swaddling methods on orogastric tube insertion-related pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: This study aims to investigate the effects of the white noise, swaddling and white noise + swaddling methods on pain and physiological parameters associated with orogastric tube insertion procedure. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 132 preterm infants were randomly assigned to four groups as white noise group (n = 33), swaddling group (n = 33), white noise + swaddling group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33). Interventions were initiated 5 min before the orogastric tube insertion procedure and continued during and up to 5 min after the procedure. RESULTS: White noise intervention alone did not have a significant effect on reducing pain associated with orogastric tube insertion (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the preterm infants in the swaddling group experienced 0.587 times less pain, and those in the white noise + swaddling group experienced 0.473 times less pain. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the swaddling and the combination of white noise + swaddling may be a useful intervention in reducing the invasive pain experienced by preterm infants during and after orogastric tube insertion and in improving the physiological parameters associated with pain.

To detect potential pathways and target genes in infantile Pompe patients using computational analysis.

Introduction: Pompe disease (PD) is a disease caused by pathogenic variations in the GAA gene known as glycogen storage disease type II, characterized by heart hypertrophy, respiratory failure, and muscle hypotonia, leading to premature death if not treated early. The only treatment option, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), significantly improves the prognosis for some patients while failing to help others. In this study, the determination of key genes involved in the response to ERT and potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, accession number GSE38680, containing samples of biceps and quadriceps muscles was used. Expression array data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools. Biceps group patients did not receive ERT, while quadriceps received treatment with rhGAA at 0, 12, and 52 weeks. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were deeply analyzed by DAVID, GO, KEGG and STRING online analyses, respectively. Results: A total of 1727 genes in the biceps group and 1198 genes in the quadriceps group are expressed differently. It was observed that DEGs were enriched in the group that responded poorly to ERT in the 52nd week. Genes frequently changed in the weak response group; the expression of 530 genes increased and 1245 genes decreased compared to 0 and 12 weeks. The GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, lysosomes, autophagy, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, inflammatory response, and the WNT signaling pathway. We also discovered that the WNT signaling pathway is highly correlated with DEGs. Several DEGs, such as WNT11, WNT5A, CTNNB1, M6PR, MYL12A, VCL, TLN, FYN, YES1, and BCL2, may be important in elucidating the mechanisms underlying poor response to ERT. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of PD are very important for the clinic of the disease. As a result, it suggests that the enriched genes and new pathways emerging as a result of the analysis may help identify the group that responds poorly to treatment and the outcome of the treatment. Obtained genes and pathways in neonatal screening will guide diagnosis and treatment.

The relationship between mothers' second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, head circumference, and 2D:4D) of the newborns.

OBJECTIVES: In our study, the relationship between male and female newborns' second finger (2D) and fourth finger (4D) lengths, height, weight, and head circumference measurements and their mothers' 2D and 4D lengths was examined. METHODS: One hundred and twenty mothers between the ages of 18 and 40 who recently gave birth and 60 females and 60 males newborns of these mothers participated in the study. Height, weight, and head circumference measurements of newborns were taken after birth. 2D and 4D length measurements of newborns and their mothers were made with a caliper with 0.01 mm precision which had. RESULTS: Right 2D:4D ratio (0.95 ± 0.08) of male newborns was found to be lower when compared with the right 2D:4D (1.00 ± 0.17) ratio of female newborns. Left 2D:4D ratio of male newborns (0.96 ± 0.07) was also found to be lower when compared with the left 2D:4D (0.98 ± 0.12) ratio of female newborns. Significant positive correlation was found between right 2D lengths of mothers of male newborns and newborns' weight and head diameter and between mothers' 2D:4D ratio and newborns' head diameter. Significant positive correlation was found between right 2D and 4D lengths of mothers of female newborns and female newborns' height, head circumference and right 2D and 4D lengths of female newborns. Significant positive correlation was found between left 2D lengths of mothers and female newborns' height, weight, and head circumference. CONCLUSIONS: We think that the data obtained in our study will provide basic information for obstetricians in determining prenatal measurements and for neonatal physicians after delivery.