[Topography and parameters of the intertrabecular spaces of the heart ventricles in man and laboratory animals]. / Topografiia i parametry mezhtrabekuliarnykh prostranstv zheludochkov serdtsa cheloveka i nekotorykh laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

The heart of the man, dog, cat and rabbit have been investigated using biometry and corrosive methods. In the horizontal sections the volume of the intertrabecular spaces (IS) of the ventricles has been estimated and the "coefficient of the myocardial sponginess" has been calculated as the ratio of the cavities volume to the myocardial volume. In the corrosive casts of the ventricular cavities the deviation angles of the IS casts from the axial line along the afferent and deferent tracts have been measured. Differences in manifestation of the IS in the hearts of the mammals studied have been revealed. The IS are best pronounced in the human heart, less in the dog heart and still less in the cat and rabbit hearts. For all the hearts studied predominance of the volume of the IS in the right ventricle is specific. The deviation angle of the IS casts from the axial line along the afferent tract increases from the cardiac basis towards its apex, while the deviation angle of the IS along the deferent tract decreases from the apex towards the basis. The functional predisposition of the IS is supposed to consist in providing systolic reserves of the cardiac ventricular cavities. The results of the mathematical analysis of the changes in the cast deviation angles of the IS along the afferent and deferent tracts demonstrate their role in twisting and acceleration of the blood stream in the systolic phase and slowing down of the blood stream in the diastolic phase.

[Morphologic aspects of local blood flow regulation in the myocardium]. / Morfologicheskie aspekty mestnoi reguliatsii krovotoka v miokarde.

In 67 preparations of the human hearts at the first and second periods of mature age, spatial interrelations between blood vessels and cardiac muscle fibers in the ventricle myocardium have been studied. All the elements of the myocardial blood bed are oriented under a certain angle in relation to the cardiac muscle fibers. Regular arrangement of the arteries and sinusoid dilated veins under endocardium on the top of the papillary muscles and in the muscular trabecules is demonstrated. As proves the mathematical model, the slope orientation of the blood bed elements towards the cardiac muscle fibers ensures and adequate realization of the external influence of the contractile cardiomyocytes to the successive movement of blood along the intramural myocardial vessels. From morphological positions, a conclusion on the mechanism of the intracavitary pressure effect on blood movement along the intramural veins of the ventricular myocardium is argued. A conclusion is made on the leading role of the extravascular factors (intramyocardial and intercavitary pressure) in the local regulation of the blood stream in the myocardium and in development of working cardiac hyperemia.

[Sinusoids--elements of the circulatory bed of the human heart]. / Sinusoids--élementy krovenosnogo rusla serdtsa cheloveka.

The literature concerning the problems of myocyrdial sinusoids has been analysed and morphological investigation of 98 human hearts has been performed. As demonstrates the comparison of the literature data, the term "sinusoid" in the human heart is applied to different structures. In some cases--to designate dilated areas of the venous part of the blood bed in the ventricular walls, in others--"hollow spaces", "intercellular spaces" and Vieussens--Thebesius vessels. Combining methods of intravascular injections and studying serial histological sections, it has been found that the sinusoids--the "hollow spaces", the "intercellular spaces", the "Veussens--Thebesius vessels" present the areas of intertrabcular spaces, which get into the planes of some sections, not being components of the myocardial blood bed. Spatial angioarchitectonics of the sinusoids--dilated areas in the venous part of the myocardial blood bed have been investigated by means of the plastic reconstruction method. It is suggested to apply the term "sinusoids" only to the given parts of the cardiac blood bed.

[Features of the contour of the inner surface of the cardiac ventricles and Thebesius-Vieussens vessels]. / Osobennosti rel'efa vnutrennei poverkhnosti zheludochkov serdtsa i "sosudy V'essena-Tebeziia".

Using certain morphological methods, relief peculiarities of the cardiac ventricle chambers, form and extent of the intertrabecular spaces, connections with the myocardial blood bed have been studied in 92 human hearts. Foramina, fissurae and excavations on the internal surface of the ventricles are the beginnings of the intertrabecular spaces, in their deep parts elements of the microcirculatory blood bed of the myocardium have openings. As demonstrate serial sections, there are not any immediate anastomoses between the myocardial arteries, veins and the intertrabecular spaces. This fact does not confirm the existing opinion that the smallest cardiac veins (Viessen-Thebesian vessels) belong to the arterio-venous anastomoses. A propose is made to use the term "the smallest cardiac veins" only to the veins that directly open into the auricular chambers.