Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Adolescente , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Feminino , Humanos , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Indigência Médica , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , North Carolina/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Resultado da Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/economia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
A survey questionnaire was administered to employees of a public health agency regarding their involvement with smoking and other life-style behavior. Responses were analyzed and combined with sick leave data to determine the use of sick leave among employees who currently smoke, those who never smoked, and those who formerly smoked. Current smokers took significantly more sick leave than those who have never smoked ("nonsmokers") or former smokers. Using an analysis of variance model, only smoking status, education level, and sex, among selected demographic variables, were significantly related to the amount of sick leave taken. Current smokers took excess sick leave (amounting to nearly $40,000) as compared with nonsmokers and ex-smokers combined over a 21-month period. This study also characterizes the relationship between smoking status and selected life-style behavior. Smokers were less active, less likely to use seat belts, less likely to believe that smoking is related to health, and more likely to be heavier and to eat a poor diet than their nonsmoking or former smoking counterparts. We make suggestions regarding the reduction of smoking and other deleterious behavior as a means of controlling costs and reducing employee morbidity.
Assuntos
Absenteísmo , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Administração em Saúde Pública , Fumar , Adulto , Escolaridade , Feminino , Órgãos Governamentais , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/economia , Fumar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Gravidez na Adolescência , Adolescente , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , South CarolinaRESUMO
Although the maternal mortality rate in South Carolina has decreased at an impressive and statistically significant rate over the past 15 years, the overall rate is still 77% higher than in the United States as a whole. Certain epidemiologic variables related to the maternal deaths were analyzed statistically for three five-year periods: 1970-1974, 1974-1979, and 1980-1984. Deaths were more frequent in older, nonwhite, single mothers. Amniotic fluid embolus and ectopic pregnancy have become the leading causes of death. Maternal mortality declined more rapidly in smaller hospitals than in larger ones, probably due to the transfer of high-risk patients. Improved obstetric techniques and practice have reduced these mortality rates thus far. If rates are to decrease still more, this trend must continue along with a sustained effort to provide comprehensive prenatal care to indigent pregnant women in a regionalized perinatal care system.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Materna , Embolia Amniótica/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Idade Materna , Gravidez , Gravidez Ectópica/mortalidade , South CarolinaRESUMO
Under the aegis of many medical organizations, family planning in Virginia has grown remarkably in recent years. Today the State Department of Health administers a statewide program to foster family planning and has recently created a voluntary sterilization fund, the first of its kind in the nation.
