Antisense oligonucleotide as a new technology application for CsLOB1 gene silencing aiming citrus canker resistance.

Citrus canker disease, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, poses a significant threat to global citrus production. The control of the disease in the field relies mainly on the use of conventional tools such as copper compounds, which are harmful to the environment and could lead to bacterial resistance. This scenario stresses the need for new and sustainable technologies to control phytopathogens, representing a key challenge in developing studies that translate basic into applied knowledge. During infection, X. citri subsp. citri secretes a transcriptional activator-like effector that enters the nucleus of plant cells, activating the expression of the canker susceptibility gene LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES 1 (LOB1). In this study, we explored the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with phosphorothioate modifications to transiently inhibit the gene expression of CsLOB1 in Citrus sinensis. We designed and validated three potential ASO sequences, which led to a significant reduction in disease symptoms compared to the control. The selected ASO3-CsLOB1 significantly decreased the expression level of CsLOB1 when delivered through two distinct delivery methods and the reduction of the symptoms ranged from approximately 15% to 83%. Notably, plants treated with ASO3 did not exhibit an increase in symptoms development over the evaluation period. This study highlights the efficacy of ASO technology, based on short oligonucleotide chemically modified sequences, as a promising tool for controlling phytopathogens without the need for genetic transformation or plant regeneration. Our results demonstrate the potential of ASOs as a biotechnological tool for the management of citrus canker disease.

A interdisciplinaridade como ferramenta para mergulhos mais profundos na graduação em Medicina / Interdisciplinarity as a tool for deeper dives in undergraduate Medicine

RESUMO Introdução: Demandas sociais suscitaram questionamentos sobre o ensino médico. Assim, surgiram tendências de formação generalista, que atendam às necessidades da população. A matriz curricular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas é composta pelos eixos: teórico-prático integrado, aproximação à prática médica e à comunidade, e desenvolvimento pessoal, indissociáveis e de caráter interdisciplinar. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver atividades interdisciplinares entre os três eixos curriculares no curso de Medicina de uma universidade pública. Método: Utilizou-se a pesquisa-ação como estratégia metodológica com análise de conteúdo, e adotou-se o software Iramuteq para análise das discussões entre pesquisadores e participantes, as quais foram divididas em cinco encontros permeados por obras literárias e música motivadora, correlacionando-se com a interdisciplinaridade. Resultado: Em relação aos debates sobre a temática, foram geradas nuvens de palavras, análises de similitude e dendrogramas que refletiram o pensamento dos participantes e a complexidade da temática. Os participantes focaram o discurso na saúde do aluno, nas relações interpessoais, em espaços que propiciem a interdisciplinaridade, bem como na comunicação entre os professores. Além disso, discutiram-se a necessidade da interdisciplinaridade no currículo médico e a importância da relação médico-paciente e da visão holística da medicina. Por fim, foram criados dois casos clínicos que evidenciaram os aspectos socioeconômicos e patológicos das doenças. Conclusão: A pesquisa-ação e a utilização do Iramuteq foram de suma importância para a coleta de dados de maneira fidedigna e rápida. Observou-se que o curso de Medicina prima pelo ensino da ética e da bioética nas disciplinas eletivas e obrigatórias até o sexto período e tem uma lacuna nos demais períodos, sendo sugerida a criação da disciplina de Humanidades para o sétimo período. Há uma demanda por uma interação mais expressiva nos projetos de extensão e por maior socialização dos professores e comunicação entre as disciplinas intra e intereixos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Social demands have raised questions about medical education. This has led to trends towards generalist training that meets the needs of the population. The curricular matrix of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas is made up of the following axes: integrated theoretical-practical, approach to medical practice and the community, and personal development, which are inseparable and interdisciplinary in nature. Objective: This study aimed to develop interdisciplinary activities between the three curricular axes in the medical course of a public university. Method: Action research was used as a methodological strategy with content analysis using Iramuteq software to analyse the discussions between researchers and participants, which were divided into five meetings, permeated by literary works and motivating music, correlated with interdisciplinarity. Results: Word clouds, similarity analyses and dendrograms were generated from the debates on the subject, reflecting the participants' thoughts and the complexity of the subject. Participants focused their discourse on student health, interpersonal relationships, spaces that foster interdisciplinarity and communication between teachers. They also discussed the need for interdisciplinarity in the medical curriculum and the importance of the doctor-patient relationship and a holistic view of medicine. Finally, two clinical cases were created which highlighted the socio-economic aspects of disease.

Tomographic analysis of relationship of mandibular morphology and third molars eruption.

BACKGROUND: Lower third molars (L3M) are the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity. Uneruption of these teeth still raises questions about its causes, in the literature (1) genetic factors, (2) dental lamina activity and, mainly, (3) insufficient growth and development of the bone bases are included. While the lack of space theory influenced by mandibular morphology and size of L3M was argued to be the main reason for L3M impaction, there is a limitation in the literature in examining such association using more accurate tomographic analysis obtained from CBCT. This work aimed to evaluate the relationship between mandibular morphology and the eruption of L3M. METHODS: In this regard, 85 Cone Beam Computed Tomographies (CBCT), with 147 L3M, were selected from the archives of the Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, obtained using an Accuitomo® Morita device and using the Dolphin Imaging 11.9 software. L3M eruption was related to linear measurements of jaw length (Co-Gn), retromolar space dimension (D2R), mesiodistal width of the L3M crowns, mandibular first molars (L1M) and mandibular canines (LC) and the angle mandibular (Ar-Go-Me). Independent samples t-test, chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The average mandible length of 116.446 mm + 6.415 mm, retromolar space of 11.634 mm + 2.385 mm, mesiodistal size of the L3M of 10.054 mm + 0.941 mm, sum of the mesiodistal widths of the L1M and LC of 15.564 mm + 1.218 mm and mandibular angle of 127.23° + 6.109. There was no statistically significant association between these factors and the eruption. CONCLUSION: With the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the length and angle of the mandible, teeth size and dimension of the retromolar space are not associated with the L3M eruption.

The Expansin Gene CsLIEXP1 Is a Direct Target of CsLOB1 in Citrus.

Transcription activator-like effectors are key virulence factors of Xanthomonas. They are secreted into host plant cells and mimic transcription factors inducing the expression of host susceptibility (S) genes. In citrus, CsLOB1 is a direct target of PthA4, the primary effector associated with citrus canker symptoms. CsLOB1 is a transcription factor, and its expression is required for canker symptoms induced by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Several genes are up-regulated by PthA4; however, only CsLOB1 was described as an S gene induced by PthA4. Here, we investigated whether other up-regulated genes could be direct targets of PthA4 or CsLOB1. Seven up-regulated genes by PthA4 were investigated; however, an expansin-coding gene was more induced than CsLOB1. In Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression experiments, we demonstrate that the expansin-coding gene, referred here to as CsLOB1-INDUCED EXPANSIN 1 (CsLIEXP1), is not a direct target of PthA4, but CsLOB1. Interestingly, CsLIEXP1 was induced by CsLOB1 even without the predicted CsLOB1 binding site, which suggested that CsLOB1 has other unknown binding sites. We also investigated the minimum promoter regulated by CsLOB1, and this region and LOB1 domain were conserved among citrus species and relatives, which suggests that the interaction PthA4-CsLOB1-CsLIEXP1 is conserved in citrus species and relatives. This is the first study that experimentally demonstrated a CsLOB1 downstream target and lays the foundation to identify other new targets. In addition, we demonstrated that the CsLIEXP1 is a putative S gene indirectly induced by PthA4, which may serve as the target for genome editing to generate citrus canker-resistant varieties.

Metabolic and behavioral effects of time-restricted eating in women with overweight or obesity: Preliminary findings from a randomized study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 wk of time-restricted eating (TRE) along with a caloric restriction on metabolic profile, metabolic rate, symptoms of mood, and eating disorders and weight loss in women with overweight or obesity. METHODS: Women age 18 to 59 y with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were enrolled in this parallel-arm, randomized, clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups (8-h TRE or non-TRE group) using a 2:1 allocation strategy. Both groups received a diet plan with caloric restriction. Body weight, resting metabolic rate, metabolic profile, and symptoms of mood and eating disorders were evaluated at baseline and on follow up. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects were included in this study, with 24 in the TRE group and 12 in the non-TRE group. Subject in the TRE group showed more pronounced loss of weight, body fat mass, and fat-free mass than those in the non-TRE group. These losses were not associated with changes in resting metabolic rate, metabolic profile, and eating or mood disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that 8 wk of TRE does not influence behavioral parameters in individuals with overweight or obesity, but could lead to weight loss.

High-added value co-products obtained from pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) using a green extraction technology.

Abstract: The aqueous (AF) and solid (SF) fractions obtained as co-products in the aqueous extraction of pecan nut oil assisted by Alcalase® were evaluated. In the AF, the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH) and the electrophoretic profile of protein hydrolysates, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity (reducing potential of the hydrophilic compounds, RPHC, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH; and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) were determined. The proximate composition and microstructure were evaluated in SF. The results indicated a DH of 3.9%. The sample treated with the enzyme (ET) showed a molecular weight of proteins lower than 15 kDa. The ET showed higher content of phenolics (726.3 mg GAE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity higher than the sample without enzymatic treatment. The SF showed a residual lipid content rich in oleic and linoleic acids. Furthermore, changes in the proximate composition and the microstructure were observed. The results indicate the potentiality of hydrolyzed fractions for application in food.

MqsR toxin as a biotechnological tool for plant pathogen bacterial control.

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and are involved in important cell features, such as cell growth inhibition and antimicrobial tolerance, through the induction of persister cells. Overall, these characteristics are associated with bacterial survival under stress conditions and represent a significant genetic mechanism to be explored for antibacterial molecules. We verified that even though Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri share closely related genomes, they have different Type II TA system contents. One important difference is the absence of mqsRA in X. citri. The toxin component of this TA system has been shown to inhibit the growth of X. fastidiosa. Thus, the absence of mqsRA in X. citri led us to explore the possibility of using the MqsR toxin to impair X. citri growth. We purified MqsR and confirmed that the toxin was able to inhibit X. citri. Subsequently, transgenic citrus plants producing MqsR showed a significant reduction in citrus canker and citrus variegated chlorosis symptoms caused, respectively, by X. citri and X. fastidiosa. This study demonstrates that the use of toxins from TA systems is a promising strategy to be explored aiming bacterial control.

Epidemiological Survey on the Perception of Adverse Effects in Women Using Contraceptive Methods in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to understand patient perception of the adverse effects of contraceptives to improve health care and adherence to treatment. METHODS: An online questionnaire was available for women in Brazil to respond to assess their perception of adverse effects and their relationship with contraceptive methods. RESULTS: Of all 536 women who responded, 346 (64.6%) reported current contraceptive use. One hundred and twenty-two (122-34.8%) women reported having already stopped using contraception because of the adverse effects. As for the contraceptive method used, the most frequent was the combined oral contraceptive (212-39.6%). When we calculated the relative risk for headache, there was a relative risk of 2.1282 (1.3425-3.3739; 95% CI), suggesting that the use of pills increases the risk of headache, as well as edema, in which a relative risk of 1.4435 (1.0177-2.0474; 95% CI) was observed. For low libido, the use of oral hormonal contraceptives was also shown to be a risk factor since its relative risk was 1.8805 (1.3527-2.6142; 95% CI). As for acne, the use of hormonal contraceptives proved to be a protective factor, with a relative risk of 0.3015 (0.1789-0.5082; 95% CI). CONCLUSION: The choice of a contraceptive method must always be individualized, and the patients must be equal participants in the process knowing the expected benefits and harms of each method and hormone, when present.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo é destinado a entender a percepção de pacientes sobre os efeitos adversos dos métodos contraceptivos para aprimorar o atendimento médico e a aderência das mulheres ao tratamento. MéTODOS: Um questionário online foi disponibilizado para que mulheres no Brasil respondessem a fim de avaliar a sua percepção em relação aos efeitos adversos e a associação desses aos métodos contraceptivos. RESULTADOS: Das 536 mulheres que responderam, 346 (64,5%) alegaram uso atual de método contraceptivo. Cento e vinte e duas (122­34,8%) mulheres disseram que já haviam parado o uso de métodos contraceptivos devido aos seus efeitos adversos. Quanto ao método contraceptivo em uso, o mais frequentemente utilizado foi o contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado (212­39,6%). Quando calculamos o risco relativo para cefaleia, foi encontrado um risco relativo de 2,1282 (1,3425­3,3739; 95% intervalo de confiança [IC]), sugerindo que o uso das pílulas aumenta o risco de ocorrência desse efeito adverso, bem como de edema, cujo risco relativo foi de 1,4435 (1,0177­2,0474; 95% IC). Em relação à redução da libido, o uso de contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado foi também considerado um fator de risco, pois seu risco relativo foi 1,8805 (1,3527­2,6142; 95% IC). No que se refere à acne, o uso de contraceptivos hormonais demonstrou ser um fator de proteção, com risco relativo de 0,3015 (0,1789­0,5082; 95% IC). CONCLUSãO: A escolha de um método contraceptivo deve sempre ser individualizada, e as pacientes devem participar igualmente nesse processo sabendo dos benefícios e malefícios esperados de cada método e hormônio, quando presente.

Epidemiological Survey on the Perception of Adverse Effects in Women Using Contraceptive Methods in Brazil / Pesquisa epidemiológica sobre a percepção dos efeitos adversos dos métodos contraceptivos por mulheres no Brasil

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to understand patient perception of the adverse effects of contraceptives to improve health care and adherence to treatment. Methods An online questionnaire was available for women in Brazil to respond to assess their perception of adverse effects and their relationship with contraceptive methods. Results Of all 536 women who responded, 346 (64.6%) reported current contraceptive use. One hundred and twenty-two (122-34.8%) women reported having already stopped using contraception because of the adverse effects. As for the contraceptive method used, the most frequent was the combined oral contraceptive (212-39.6%). When we calculated the relative risk for headache, there was a relative risk of 2.1282 (1.3425-3.3739; 95% CI), suggesting that the use of pills increases the risk of headache, as well as edema, in which a relative risk of 1.4435 (1.0177-2.0474; 95% CI) was observed. For low libido, the use of oral hormonal contraceptives was also shown to be a risk factor since its relative risk was 1.8805 (1.3527-2.6142; 95% CI). As for acne, the use of hormonal contraceptives proved to be a protective factor, with a relative risk of 0.3015 (0.1789-0.5082; 95% CI). Conclusion The choice of a contraceptive method must always be individualized, and the patients must be equal participants in the process knowing the expected benefits and harms of each method and hormone, when present.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo é destinado a entender a percepção de pacientes sobre os efeitos adversos dosmétodos contraceptivos para aprimorar o atendimentomédico e a aderência das mulheres ao tratamento. Métodos Um questionário online foi disponibilizado para que mulheres no Brasil respondessem a fim de avaliar a sua percepção em relação aos efeitos adversos e a associação desses aos métodos contraceptivos. Resultados Das 536 mulheres que responderam, 346 (64,5%) alegaram uso atual de método contraceptivo. Cento e vinte e duas (122-34,8%) mulheres disseram que já haviam parado o uso de métodos contraceptivos devido aos seus efeitos adversos. Quanto ao método contraceptivo em uso, o mais frequentemente utilizado foi o contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado (212-39,6%). Quando calculamos o risco relativo para cefaleia, foi encontrado um risco relativo de 2,1282 (1,3425-3,3739; 95% intervalo de confiança [IC]), sugerindo que o uso das pílulas aumenta o risco de ocorrência desse efeito adverso, bem como de edema, cujo risco relativo foi de 1,4435 (1,0177-2,0474; 95% IC). Em relação à redução da libido, o uso de contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado foi também considerado um fator de risco, pois seu risco relativo foi 1,8805 (1,3527-2,6142; 95% IC). No que se refere à acne, o uso de contraceptivos hormonais demonstrou ser um fator de proteção, com risco relativo de 0,3015 (0,1789-0,5082; 95% IC). Conclusão A escolha de um método contraceptivo deve sempre ser individualizada, e as pacientes devem participar igualmente nesse processo sabendo dos benefícios e malefícios esperados de cada método e hormônio, quando presente.

Overexpression of mqsR in Xylella fastidiosa Leads to a Priming Effect of Cells to Copper Stress Tolerance.

Copper-based compounds are widely used in agriculture as a chemical strategy to limit the spread of multiple plant diseases; however, the continuous use of this heavy metal has caused environmental damage as well as the development of copper-resistant strains. Thus, it is important to understand how the bacterial phytopathogens evolve to manage with this metal in the field. The MqsRA Toxin-Antitoxin system has been recently described for its function in biofilm formation and copper tolerance in Xylella fastidiosa, a plant-pathogen bacterium responsible for economic damage in several crops worldwide. Here we identified differentially regulated genes by X. fastidiosa MqsRA by assessing changes in global gene expression with and without copper. Results show that mqsR overexpression led to changes in the pattern of cell aggregation, culminating in a global phenotypic heterogeneity, indicative of persister cell formation. This phenotype was also observed in wild-type cells but only in the presence of copper. This suggests that MqsR regulates genes that alter cell behavior in order to prime them to respond to copper stress, which is supported by RNA-Seq analysis. To increase cellular tolerance, proteolysis and efflux pumps and regulator related to multidrug resistance are induced in the presence of copper, in an MqsR-independent response. In this study we show a network of genes modulated by MqsR that is associated with induction of persistence in X. fastidiosa. Persistence in plant-pathogenic bacteria is an important genetic tolerance mechanism still neglected for management of phytopathogens in agriculture, for which this work expands the current knowledge and opens new perspectives for studies aiming for a more efficient control in the field.

COVID-19 in patients hospitalized and healthcare workers: what have changed after the first wave in a university hospital

ObjectiveTo assess the COVID-19 frequency rates in hospitalized patients (HP) and healthcare workers (HCW), viral load inference, and the impact of vaccination and variants of concern (VOC) during the first pandemic wave. MethodsWe evaluated the COVID-19 diagnostics at Hospital Sao Paulo, Brazil, from March 2020 to April 2021, in 10,202 samples (6,502 HP and 3,700 HCW) tested by RT-qPCR, inferring viral load by cycle threshold (Ct) values, and frequency rates. ResultsSARS-CoV-2 was detected in 31.27% of individuals (32.23% HP and 29.80% HCW). The mean age of HP positives was 57.26 {+/-} 18.29 years (median = 59), with a mean Ct value of 25.55 {+/-} 6.07. Neither age nor Ct values in both groups have significantly differed during the first and second waves or even since the predominance of VOC P.1 on March 2021. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 epidemic curves of HP and HCW accompanied the variations reported in Sao Paulo city, as well as the variation of hospitalization and occupancy of ICU beds. The VOC P.1 has no impact on the viral load, since its predominance in March 2021. The vaccination of HCW may have contributed to a decrease in the positivity rates, although more studies will provide a better understanding of the impact of immunization on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rapid spread and high impact of the Variant of Concern P.1 in the largest city of Brazil

First in Manaus in the Brazilian Northern region, the Variant of Concern P.1 traveled 3800 kilometers southeast to endanger Sao Paulo contributing to the collapse of the health system. Here, we show evidence of how fast the VOC P.1 has spread in the most populated city in South America.

Acute effects of dry extract of ginger on energy expenditure in eutrophic women: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The thermic effect of food (TEF) is one of the components of total energy expenditure (TEE). Some bioactive compounds present in food could be useful to increase TEE. In this context, ginger has been extensively used as a thermogenic food despite no clear effect has been demonstrated yet. Herein, we evaluated the acute thermogenic effect of gingerol, a bioactive compound present in ginger, in healthy women. METHODS: We carried out a randomized double-masked, cross-over and placebo-controlled clinical trial with 20 healthy eutrophic women. Anthropometric, body composition, indirect calorimetry and clinical variables were collected at baseline and throughout the intervention phase. A standardized breakfast was offered together with two dry extract of ginger capsules (5% gingerol) or a placebo (cellulose). Indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and blood collection were assessed at baseline and thereafter, at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min postprandial. The analyses were repeated with a minimum of seven days' washout period. RESULTS: Ginger intake did not increase the TEF of a standardized breakfast compared to the placebo. Oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and metabolic profile were not different as well. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that gingerol did not modify the acute TEF in healthy women. More studies in human subjects, using different concentrations of gingerol, administration methods and intervention type (chronic effect) are necessary to clarify the putative thermogenic effect of ginger. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Thermogenic Effect of Ginger - NCT03089593).

Dataset for supporting a modular autoinduction device for control of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.

Modular and tuneable genetic tools for Metabolic Engineering fuels the development of chassis for the efficient production of biocompounds at industrial scale. We have constructed an autoinduction device for gene expression in Bacillus subtilis based on the LuxR/I quorum sensing system [1]. Here, we present raw and processed data regarding to B. subtilis growth measured as OD600, performed in three different scales: microcultivation on 96-well plates (200 µL), test tubes (12 mL), and Erlenmeyer flasks (50 mL). We also present raw and processed data on gene expression measured as GFP fluorescence (485/535 nm), luminescence and riboflavin production. Measurements were performed on a microplate reader Tecan 200 PRO (iControl software) and on spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific GENESYS 10S UV-Vis). Processed data are presented as product/OD600, maximum and minimum promoter activity, fold of induction, and the induction OD600.

A modular autoinduction device for control of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.

Intense synthesis of proteins and chemicals in engineered microbes impose metabolic burden, frequently leading to reduced growth and heterogeneous cell population. Thus, the correct balance between growth and production is important. Such balance can be engineered through dynamic control of pathways, but few broadly applicable tools are available to achieve this. We present an autonomous control of gene expression mediated by quorum sensing in Bacillus subtilis, able to self-monitor and induce expression without human supervision. Two variations of the induction module and seven of the response module were engineered generating a range of induction folds and strengths for gene expression control. Our strongest response promoter is 2.5 and 3.2 times stronger than the well-characterized promoters PsrfA and Pveg, respectively. We applied our strongest autoinduction device for the production of the vitamin B2. This study presents a toolbox of autoinduction modules for B. subtilis that is modular and tunable.

The copper-inducible copAB operon in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is regulated at transcriptional and translational levels.

Upstream open reading frames (ORFs) are frequently found in the 5'-flanking regions of genes and may have a regulatory role in gene expression. A small ORF (named cohL here) was identified upstream from the copAB copper operon in Xanthomonascitri subsp. citri (Xac). We previously demonstrated that copAB expression was induced by copper and that gene inactivation produced a mutant strain that was unable to grow in the presence of copper. Here, we address the role of cohL in copAB expression control. We demonstrate that cohL expression is induced by copper in a copAB-independent manner. Although cohL is transcribed, the CohL protein is either not expressed in vivo or is synthesized at undetectable levels. Inactivation of cohL (X. citri cohL polar mutant strain) leads to an inability to synthesize cohL and copAB transcripts and consequently the inability to grow in the presence of copper. Bioinformatic tools predicted a stem-loop structure for the cohL-copAB intergenic region and revealed that this region may arrange itself in a secondary structure. Using in vitro gene expression, we found out that the structured 5'-UTR mRNA of copAB is responsible for sequestering the ribosome-binding site that drives the translation of copA. However, copper alone was not able to release the sequence. Based on the results, we speculate that cohL plays a role as a regulatory RNA rather than as a protein-coding gene.

Hypometabolism as a potential risk factor for overweight and obesity in liver recipients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify whether overweight liver recipients are hypometabolic. METHODS: Liver transplantation (LT) recipients (n = 20), who were 18 to 65 y of age, had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and were 1 to 3 y post-transplant. They were matched with healthy controls in terms of sex, age, BMI, and body composition. Dietary intake data were collected using a 3-d food record. The individuals' daily activities were converted into metabolic equivalents. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed in the morning after an overnight fast (12 h), by indirect calorimetry, using an open-circuit calorimeter. RESULTS: Total energy and macronutrient intakes were similar among liver recipients and controls. The majority of the individuals from both groups were sedentary (75%; n = 15/group). Patients who underwent LT showed lower REE (1449.15 ± 101.25 kcal) compared with the control group (1768.45 ± 86.94 kcal). Likewise, the ratio of REE to fat-free mass (FFM) was lower in the LT group (28.9 ± 1.7 kcal/ kg) than in the control group (32.9 ± 0.9 kcal/ kg; P < 0.05). The correlation between the FFM and the REE was strong in control participants (r = 0.73; P < 0.01), whereas it was moderate in the LT group (r = 0.45). CONCLUSION: The REE of overweight liver recipients is reduced and it might be a risk factor for excessive body weight gain in this population.

Efeitos do exercício de alongamento em pessoas com síndrome de Down / Effects of stretching exercise in people with Down syndrome

Introdução: Estratégias de esquema corporal são comumente utilizadas para minimizar disfunções musculoesqueléticas decorrentes da Síndrome de Down (SD). Dessa forma, posturas adotadas nessas estratégias promovem o alongamento muscular, entretanto não são claros os efeitos do exercício de alongamento neste público. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências a respeito dos efeitos dos exercícios de alongamento muscular em pessoas com SD. Material e métodos: Foi realizada revisão sistemática com 3 avaliadores independentes, nas bases de dados: Bireme, Pubmed, Pedro e Cinahl. Com os descritores: "alongamento", "exercício de alongamento", "Síndrome de Down", "flexibilidade" e "amplitude de movimento" combinados, e em inglês e português. Os critérios de inclusão foram a presença dos descritores no título e a relação com o tema, artigos publicados até julho de 2017. Foram excluídos títulos repetidos, títulos cujo resumo não se relacionava com a SD e artigos que não tratavam sobre flexibilidade ou alongamento na SD. Resultados: Foram encontrados 372 artigos, sendo selecionados 9 artigos de acordo com o título para leitura dos resumos. Após leitura dos resumos, apenas 5 artigos foram selecionados para análise na íntegra. Conclusão: Não há evidências suficientes na literatura que indiquem os efeitos do exercício de alongamento muscular em pessoas com SD. (AU)

Introduction: Body scoring strategies are commonly used to minimize musculoskeletal dysfunctions resulting from Down Syndrome (DS). Thus, postures adopted in these strategies promote muscle stretching; however, the effects of the stretching exercise in this public are not clear. Objective: To verify the evidence regarding the effects of muscle stretching exercises in people with DS. Methods: A systematic review was carried out with 3 independent evaluators, in the databases: Bireme, Pubmed, Pedro and Cinahl. With the descriptors: "stretching", "stretching exercise", "down syndrome", "flexibility", "range of motion" combined, in English and Portuguese. The inclusion criteria were the presence of the descriptors in the title and the relation with the theme, articles published until July 2017. We excluded repeated titles, titles whose summary was not related to DS, and articles that did not relate flexibility or stretching in DS. Results: A total of 372 articles were found, and 9 articles were selected according to the title for the reading of the abstracts. After reading the abstracts, only 5 articles were selected for analysis in their entirety. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence in the literature to indicate the effects of muscle stretching exercise in people with DS. (AU)

Screening for cervical cancer in imprisoned women in Brazil.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Incarcerated women are more vulnerable to developing cervical cancer than women in general; therefore, screening and intervention programs must be included in their healthcare provision. We therefore aimed to investigate the state of cervical cancer screening for imprisoned women in Mato Grosso do Sul, and to analyze the interventions geared toward the control of cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with analysis of primary and secondary data. Interviews were held with 510 women in seven prisons in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The data for 352 medical records were analyzed statistically with the significance level set at 5%. Associations were assessed by the chi-squared test, adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Most female prisoners had limited education, used tobacco, and had key risk factors for the development of cervical cancer. Half of the women interviewed (n = 255) stated that they had received a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in prison, but 134 (52.5%) of these did not know the result. Of those who had not received a Pap test, 149 (58.4%) stated that this was because of a lack of opportunity. There was no information regarding the provision of Pap tests or subsequent treatment in the medical records of 211 (59.9%) women. No protocols were in place for the provision of Pap tests in prison. There were statistical differences between prisons in terms of test frequency, the information provided to women, and how information was recorded in medical records. CONCLUSION: The screening of cervical cancer in prisons is neither systematic nor regular, and the results are not communicated to women in a significant number of cases. It is necessary to organize health services within the prison environment, ensuring that tests are done and that there is investigation for human papillomavirus. This could increase the diagnosis of cervical cancer at less advanced stages of the disease.

Comparison of Grain Proteome Profiles of Four Brazilian Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a source of proteins for about one billion people worldwide. In Brazil, 'BRS Sublime', 'BRS Vereda', 'BRS Esteio', and 'BRS Estilo' cultivars were developed by Embrapa to offer high yield to farmers and excellent quality to final consumers. In this work, grain proteomes of these common bean cultivars were compared based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare 349 matched spots in these cultivars proteomes, and all cultivars were clearly separated in PCA plot. Thirty-two differentially accumulated proteins were identified by MS. Storage proteins such as phaseolins, legumins, and lectins were the most abundant, and novel proteins were also identified. We have built a useful platform that could be used to analyze other Brazilian cultivars and genotypes of common beans.