[Breast cancer immunohistochemical features in different age groups].

We investigated 52 incidents of the breast cancer to determine their immunological profile in the different age groups. Breast tissue-specific and at the same time oncologically important immunohistochemical markers: estrogen- and progesterone receptors (ER, PR), oncoprotein HER-2/neu, protein PS2, markers of angiogenesis CD31 and mitotic activity Ki-67 were investigated. Patients were divided into 3 group: I - patients under 45 years (23), II - from 46 to 55 (14), III - 56 year and older (15). Investigations showed that expression of the immunohistochemical markers was dissimilar in the different age groups. In the I group of the estrogen- and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and protein PS2 was lower, in contrast to the expression of HER-2/neu, CD31 and Ki-67 were higher then in the elder group. Expression of the estrogen- and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and protein PS2 markers was increasing with the patient age, and significant decrease of the HER-2/neu, CD31 and Ki-67 was observed. This indicates that in younger patients cancer is more aggressive.

[Morphologic characteristics of microadenomas of the large intestine]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika mikroadenom tolstoi kishki.

Tissue and cellular atypia, changes of the mucus chemical composition, protein secreting function, ATPase activity, differentiation of the epithelial cells and DNA replication with the widening of proliferation zone were registered morphologically in colon microadenomas. A pronounced increase of labelled small lymphocytes capable of proliferation is observed in the stroma. Fibrocytes are practically absent, fibroblasts are represented by young 3H-labelled forms. All these changes are considered as dysplastic.

[Stimulation of proliferative and metabolic processes in the liver after administration of allogeneic hepatocytes]. / Stimuliatsiia proliferativnykh i metabolicheskikh protsessov v pecheni posle vvedeniia allogennykh gepatotsitov.

The interconnection of morpho-functional changes of liver and cellular capacity to synthesize RNA and DNA in condition of the acute liver failure (ALF) and after the administration of the newborn allogenic hepatocytes (NAH) was studied by the autoradiographic method. The administration of NAH prevents, in part, the ischemic cell death and is efficient in the stimulation of the liver regeneration in ALF; it increases metabolic and proliferative activity of hepatocytes as well as of reticulo-endothelial cells.

[The stimulation of regenerative processes in the liver in acute liver failure]. / Stimuliatsiia vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov v pecheni pri ostroi pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti.

The efficiency of the newborn allogenic hepatocytes (NAH) in the treatment of the acute liver failure (ALF) in dogs is studied histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally. The administration of NAH prevents, in part, the ischemic cell death and is efficient in the stimulation of the liver regeneration in ALF. NAH enhance hepatocyte and Kupffer cell proliferation, reduce the number of degenerative and necrotic foci, increase the number of cell organelles, their volume, compensate the function of the damaged liver, facilitate the morpho-functional restoration of the recipient ischemically damaged liver.

[The parenchymatous-stromal interrelationships in adenocarcinomas of the large intestine (an electron radioautographic study)]. / Parenkhimatozno-stromal'nye vzaimootnosheniia v adenokartsinomakh tolstoi kishki (élektronno-radioavtograficheskoe issledovanie).

Parenchymatous and stromal cells in colonic adenocarcinomas were studied electron-radiographically. The properties of the nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the cylindrical and goblet cells in carcinoma (partial 3H-thymidine incorporation, heterogeneity of 3H-uridine and amino acid mixture incorporation) indicate a relatively low level of their differentiation, lower degree of their participation in a specific function, retaining their capacity to proliferate. A high number of 3H-thymidine-labelled stem cells which are the main source of tumour growth is observed in carcinoma. Stroma in carcinoma is characterized by endotheliocyte and fibroblast proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), high degree of metabolic processes in some of these cells (3H-uridine and amino acid mixture incorporation) and by the disturbance of immunocompetent cell specific function (partial and weak labelling of the immunocompetent cells with 3H-uridine and amino acid mixture).

[Ultraimmunocytochemical diagnosis of squamous cell cancer of the digestive tract]. / Ul'traimmunotsitokhimicheskaia diagnostika ploskokletochnogo raka pishchevaritel'nogo trakta.

Procedure using fluorescent and peroxidase labeling and monoclonal antibodies to basal-cell antigen of multilayer epithelium showed the antigen to occur in squamous cell cancer irrespective of site and degree of cell differentiation; this, however, was not the case with tumors of other origins. Ultraimmunocytochemical method was used to identify localization of the antigen at cellular and subcellular levels, namely, in tonofilaments and desmosomes. Said situation is considered to suggest squamous cell carcinoma.

[Functional morphology of breast APUD cells in dysplasia and neoplastic processes]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia apudotsitov molochnoi zhelezy pri displasticheskikh i opukholevykh protsessakh.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used to examine 29 malignant tumors (18 lobular and 11 invasive carcinomas) and 34 fibroadenomas of the mammary gland (MG). APUD cells containing serotonin, melatonin, and beta-endorphine were shown to be present in the duct epithelium of the normal MG and its pericanalicular fibroadenoma. APUD cells were detected in 21 of the 29 malignant tumours of MG. Hormonal differences of APUD cells were found in poorly and well differentiated carcinomas: the former contained serotonin, melatonin, and beta-endorphine (inhibitors of proliferation), the latter--insulin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (stimulators of cell division). Such differences in the endocrine function of MG malignant tumors are likely to be significant in the clinical course and determination of prognosis for carcinomas of various differentiation.

[Morphology of the palatine tonsil lymphocytes in chronic tonsillitis using data of electron microscopic radioautography]. / Morfologiia limfotsitov nebnykh mindalin pri khronicheskom tonzillite v svete dannykh élektronno-mikroskopicheskoi radioavtografii.

Electron-microscopic and electron-radioautographic examinations of the palatine tonsil lymphocytes in 20 patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis, aged 21-50, have revealed the proliferation of poorly differentiated T- and B-lymphocyte pools in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils; these processes manifest by an intensive 3H-thymidine incorporation into the minor lymphocytes of different types. A high level of the RNA radioactive precursor incorporation in B-lymphocytes indicates a constant differentiation of this lymphocyte population. The biological essence of intensive incorporation of protein radioactive precursors in B-lymphocytes appears to consist in the maximal production of active protein substrates mediating the humoral immunity in chronic tonsillitis.

[Immunomorphological (light and electron microscopic) diagnosis of human squamous cell cancer using monoclonal antibodies]. / Immunomorfologicheskaia (sveto- i élektronno-mikroskopicheskaia) diagnostika ploskokletochnogo raka cheloveka s pomoshch'iu monoklonal'ny kh antitel.

It is shown with fluorescent and peroxidase labels for antibodies that the antigen to which the monoclonal antibody A-6/2 is directed, is a marker for cells of the basal stratified epithelium (basal-cell antigen). This antigen persists in squamous cell carcinomas of various sites and degrees of differentiation, but does not occur in tumors of other origins. With electron immunocytochemistry, the antigen was found to be located in tonofilaments and desmosomes of human squamous cell carcinoma. The A-6/2 monoclonal and basal-cell antigen may be used when developing immunomorphologic (light- or electronmicroscopic) procedures for histogenetic diagnosis of these carcinomas.

[Relation between lymphogenous metastasis of cancer of the rectum and the structure and function of the lymphatic bed]. / Osobennosti limfogennogo metastazirovaniia raka priamoi kishki v sviazi so stroeniem i funktsiei limfaticheskogo rusla.

Lymph vessels of the rectum in health and during early stages of metastasizing rectal cancer were studied. It was shown that changes occurring at this stage constitute the "cascade" process whose stages are determined by 3 structural elements of the rectal lymphatic vasculature, i. e. capillary, postcapillary, and vessel. Compensatory adaptive changes in the lymphatic routes in rectal cancer and in cases of secondary metastases to the rectum were examined.

[Participation of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of breast cancer]. / Ob uchastii mioépitelial'nykh kletok v gistogeneze raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The structural and functional features of myoepithelial cells of the intact mammary gland, dyshormonal dysplasias and parenchymatous elements of lobular carcinoma of this organ were studied and compared for the purpose of the elucidation of controversial issue of the role of myoepithelial cells in histogenesis of mammary gland carcinoma. Some distinctive histological (selective staining with amido black--tannin acid), enzyme-chemical (high adenosine-triphosphatase activity), and ultrastructural (cytoplasmic fibrils with focal consolidations, pinocytic vesicles) features of myoepithelial cells were determined. The detection of similar properties in parenchymatous elements of lobular carcinoma facilitated the determination of the tumor cytogenetic profile and suggested the myoepithelial origin of a certain part of carcinoma parenchyma.

[Differential diagnosis of borderline serous and mucinous ovarian tumors]. / K differentsial'noi diagnostike seroznykh i mutsinoznykh pogranichnykh opukholei iaichnikov.

Electron microscopic study of borderline serous and mucinous ovarian tumours was carried out and revealed marked heterogeneity of both types of these tumours. On the basis of the remote results of surgical treatment of the patients the most dangerous subtype from the point of view of its malignancy, the so-called proliferating, tumour with atypical epithelium, was established.

[Vascularization of tumors of the mammary glands]. / Vaskuliarizatsiia opukholei molochnykh zhelez

The study of peculiarities of the blood supply of pre-tumour foci and cancer tumours of mammary glands of humans and mice of highly cancerous strains "A" and "C3H" by means of injectional, histological, histo- and enzymochemical and electron microscopical methods has shown that vascularization of corresponding zones alters with development of pre-cancerous growings in mammary glands. The most pronounced alterations are observed in the vessels of cancer tumours depending on the developmental stage, histological structure and differentiation degree. Changes in the character of "angioplastic" reaction, ultrastructural and histochemical reorganization of the vascular wall explain the peculiarities of microvascularization and metastazing of cancer.