Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected during Polish expeditions to North Korea.

This systematic review of non-biting midges of the tribe Tanytarsini is based on materials collected during Polish scientific expeditions to North Korea. Stempellina radoszkowskii sp. nov. is described. Brief illustrated redescriptions of adult males of further eight species, for the first time recorded from North Korea, are presented: Cladotanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) sinjongensis Ree et Kim, 1988, Micropsectra joganplumosa Sasa et Okazawa, 1991, M. jokatertia Sasa et Ogata, 1999, Tanytarsus iriolemeus Sasa et Suzuki, 2000, T. oyamai Sasa, 1979, T. takahashii Kawai et Sasa, 1985, T. tamadecimus Sasa, 1980 and T. tamaundecimus Sasa, 1980. New synonyms are proposed: Micropsectra tonewdeea Sasa et Tanaka, 2002, syn. nov. [=Micropsectra atrofasciata (Kieffer, 1911)]; Micropsectra tusimalemea Sasa et Suzuki, 1999, syn. nov., M. tusimamenea Sasa et Suzuki, 1999, syn. nov., M. tusimaquerea Sasa et Suzuki, 1999, syn. nov. [=Micropsectra joganplumosa Sasa et Okazawa, 1991], and several further synonyms of the species reviewed are suggested. An annotated checklist of Tanytarsini so far reported from North Korea is given. A historical note on Polish scientific expeditions to Korea is also included.

New Species of Soldier Fly-Sargus bipunctatus (Scopoli, 1763) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), Recorded from a Human Corpse in Europe-A Case Report.

The only European Stratiomyidae species known for feeding on human corpses was the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758). Analysis of fauna found on a human corpse, discovered in central Poland, revealed the presence of feeding larvae of another species from this family: the twin-spot centurion fly Sargus bipunctatus (Scopoli, 1763). The investigated corpse was in a stage of advanced decomposition. The larvae were mainly observed in the adipocere formed on the back and lower limbs of the corpse, and in the mixture of litter and lumps of adipocere located under the corpse. Adult specimens and larvae were identified based on morphological characters, and final identification was confirmed using DNA barcoding. Implementing a combination of morphological and molecular methods provided a reliable way for distinguishing the larvae of S. bipunctatus and H. illucens. The potential of S. bipunctatus for practical applications in forensic entomology is currently difficult to assess. Wide and reliable use of S. bipunctatus in the practice of forensic entomology requires further studies of the bionomy of this fly.

DNA barcode reference libraries for the monitoring of aquatic biota in Europe: Gap-analysis and recommendations for future work.

Effective identification of species using short DNA fragments (DNA barcoding and DNA metabarcoding) requires reliable sequence reference libraries of known taxa. Both taxonomically comprehensive coverage and content quality are important for sufficient accuracy. For aquatic ecosystems in Europe, reliable barcode reference libraries are particularly important if molecular identification tools are to be implemented in biomonitoring and reports in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We analysed gaps in the two most important reference databases, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and NCBI GenBank, with a focus on the taxa most frequently used in WFD and MSFD. Our analyses show that coverage varies strongly among taxonomic groups, and among geographic regions. In general, groups that were actively targeted in barcode projects (e.g. fish, true bugs, caddisflies and vascular plants) are well represented in the barcode libraries, while others have fewer records (e.g. marine molluscs, ascidians, and freshwater diatoms). We also found that species monitored in several countries often are represented by barcodes in reference libraries, while species monitored in a single country frequently lack sequence records. A large proportion of species (up to 50%) in several taxonomic groups are only represented by private data in BOLD. Our results have implications for the future strategy to fill existing gaps in barcode libraries, especially if DNA metabarcoding is to be used in the monitoring of European aquatic biota under the WFD and MSFD. For example, missing species relevant to monitoring in multiple countries should be prioritized for future collaborative programs. We also discuss why a strategy for quality control and quality assurance of barcode reference libraries is needed and recommend future steps to ensure full utilisation of metabarcoding in aquatic biomonitoring.

Morphology and molecules say: Tanytarsus latens, sp. nov. from Finland (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Tanytarsus latens sp. nov. is described from Finland (Ostrobothnia borealis, Satakunta). Both morphological and             molecular analyses indicate that T. latens belongs to the mendax species group. The adult male hypopygium of the new species resembles that of Tanytarsus occultus Brundin and of T. desertor Gilka et Paasivirta, while the molecular analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene fragment evidences that T. latens is a sister species to most of European Tanytarsus of the mendax group's core, for which the COI barcodes are known. Notes on biology of T. latens are also provided.