Evaluation of skin prick test, exclusion diet and dietary challenge in the diagnosis of food allergy in dogs with chronic pruritus / Avaliação do teste de puntura, dieta de exclusão e desafio dietético no diagnóstico de alergia alimentar em cães com prurido crônico

Allergic dogs are commonly sensitized to food allergens. We evaluated the use of the prick test to diagnose food allergies in dogs with pruritus and the efficacy of an exclusion diet based on the test. The prick test was performed in 10 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with pruritus, of which 25 received an exclusion diet for 60 days and was challenged with positive food on the test. pVAS and CADESI-4 were assessed on days 0, 30, and 60 after re-exposure. As a result, two control group dogs reacted to a single food allergen, milk and wheat. Of the 25 dogs with pruritus that reacted to food allergens, 24 (96%) reacted to more than one food allergen, and only one (4%) reacted to a single food protein: pork. In the test group (n=25), there was a significant improvement of pVAS and CADESI-4 after 30 and 60 days of dietary exclusion, with significant worsening of the scores with food allergen challenge. In conclusion, the prick test can be used for screening food allergens to make an exclusion diet.

Cães alérgicos são comumente sensibilizados a alérgenos alimentares. Nós avaliamos o uso do teste de puntura para o diagnóstico de alergias alimentares em cães com prurido e a eficácia de uma dieta de exclusão baseada no teste. O teste de puntura foi realizado em 10 cães saudáveis e em 34 cães com prurido, dos quais 25 receberam uma dieta de exclusão por 60 dias e depois desafiados com o alimento que foi positivo no teste. pVAS e CADESI-4 foram realizados nos dias 0, 30, 60 e depois da reexposição. Como resultados, dois cães do grupo controle reagiram a um único alérgeno alimentar, leite e trigo. Dos 25 cães com prurido que reagiram aos alérgenos alimentares, 24 (96%) reagiram a mais de um alérgeno alimentar e apenas um (4%) reagiu a uma única proteína, que foi porco. No grupo teste (n=25), houve uma significativa melhora do pVAS e CADESI-4 depois de 30 e 60 dias de dieta de exclusão, com significante piora dos scores com o desafio alimentar. Como conclusão, o teste de puntura pode ser usado para selecionar alérgenos alimentares para fazer uma dieta de exclusão.

Mielolipoma de adrenal funcional em um cão / Functional adrenal myelolipoma in a dog

Background: Myelolipomas are benign tumors composed of a mixture of fat and hematopoietic tissue similar to the bone marrow. They are rare tumors in humans and dogs, and occur generally in the spleen, liver, spinal canal and in the adrenal glands. When they develop in the adrenal glands they feature non-secretory and endocrinologically inactive characteristics, usually without clinical signs or other dysfunctions. Thus, they are often an incidental finding during necropsy. This paper aims to describe a case of functional adrenal gland myelolipoma and spleen myelolipoma in a female dog with clinical signs and laboratory tests compatible with hyperadrenocorticism.Case: A 12 year-old female dog, undefined breed, was treated at the Hospital Unit for Companion Animals of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil, with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, cutaneous hypotonia and central obesity. Blood tests showed hypercholesterolemia and increased alkaline phosphatase; urinalysis identified isostenuria with proteinuria; and ultrasound and MRI of the abdomen indicated right adrenomegaly, with heterogeneous characteristics, without invasion of attached blood vessels and splenic nodules. The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was performed which confirmed hyperadrenocorticism. The animal was submitted to adrenalectomy and splenectomy, and tissue specimens were obtained for histopathological examination, which revealed mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements in different phases of maturation, compatible with adrenal and spleen myelolipoma. After surgical treatment, there was a progressive improvement of the clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities of hypercortisolemia, without recurrence during one year.[...](AU)

Mielolipoma de adrenal funcional em um cão / Functional adrenal myelolipoma in a dog

Background: Myelolipomas are benign tumors composed of a mixture of fat and hematopoietic tissue similar to the bone marrow. They are rare tumors in humans and dogs, and occur generally in the spleen, liver, spinal canal and in the adrenal glands. When they develop in the adrenal glands they feature non-secretory and endocrinologically inactive characteristics, usually without clinical signs or other dysfunctions. Thus, they are often an incidental finding during necropsy. This paper aims to describe a case of functional adrenal gland myelolipoma and spleen myelolipoma in a female dog with clinical signs and laboratory tests compatible with hyperadrenocorticism.Case: A 12 year-old female dog, undefined breed, was treated at the Hospital Unit for Companion Animals of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil, with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, cutaneous hypotonia and central obesity. Blood tests showed hypercholesterolemia and increased alkaline phosphatase; urinalysis identified isostenuria with proteinuria; and ultrasound and MRI of the abdomen indicated right adrenomegaly, with heterogeneous characteristics, without invasion of attached blood vessels and splenic nodules. The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was performed which confirmed hyperadrenocorticism. The animal was submitted to adrenalectomy and splenectomy, and tissue specimens were obtained for histopathological examination, which revealed mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements in different phases of maturation, compatible with adrenal and spleen myelolipoma. After surgical treatment, there was a progressive improvement of the clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities of hypercortisolemia, without recurrence during one year.[...]