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1.
Am J Public Health ; 114(8): 785-788, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38870434

RESUMO

In June 2022, Alabama legalized fentanyl test strips (FTS). In response to this new opportunity to prevent overdoses, Project Linkage, Education, and Prevention (LEAP)-an academic-community partnership providing substance use prevention services-quickly purchased FTS and started distributing them in the Birmingham area. We describe how the Addiction Prevention Coalition, a substance use education and harm reduction provider, distributed 7300 FTS in the first year of legalization via Project LEAP and discuss its efforts to decrease substance use among young people. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(8):785-788. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307681).


Assuntos
Fentanila , Humanos , Alabama , Overdose de Drogas/prevenção & controle , Analgésicos Opioides , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Redução do Dano
2.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 11(5): ofae231, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38813257

RESUMO

Injection-related infections continue to rise, particularly in the South. People who inject drugs are increasingly utilizing hospital services for serious injection-related infections but may be discharged to areas without harm reduction services. We explored the availability and travel time to services for HIV and substance use in Alabama.

3.
AIDS Patient Care STDS ; 38(5): 230-237, 2024 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38669122

RESUMO

Sexual history screening (SHS) is recommended to determine risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and eligibility for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). SHS and PrEP are underutilized, sequential screening, and prevention practices. This study aimed to understand factors impacting the implementation of SHS and PrEP at a multi-site federally qualified health center (FQHC) in Connecticut. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, semistructured interviews were conducted on Zoom with primary care providers (PCPs), medical assistants, clinical leadership, and PrEP navigators. Convenience and purposive sampling took place via email until thematic saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis was conducted. Twenty-two participants were interviewed for this study. PCPs lacked knowledge and reported limited or no use of SHS to determine patients' level of HIV risk, which may explain why most PCPs relied on patients to request PrEP. While PCPs perceived organizational support to prescribe PrEP, clinical staff were unaware of structural resources. Lastly, participants described a vertical trajectory of influence from external sources (policies and insurance) to time allocated to appointments that limits their ability to implement SHS and PrEP, further complicated by the electronic health record and disparities in structural resources across clinical sites. This study provides foundational evidence for future research on implementation strategies to improve HIV prevention through universal, comprehensive SHS to identify patients for PrEP. Overcoming barriers to SHS and PrEP, particularly in clinical settings such as FQHCs that care for vulnerable populations, may improve identification, prevention, and treatment of HIV and aid in ending the HIV epidemic.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Programas de Rastreamento , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Connecticut/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Anamnese , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Comportamento Sexual , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde
4.
Addict Sci Clin Pract ; 19(1): 22, 2024 03 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38528590

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization is a "reachable moment" for people who inject drugs (PWID), but preventive care including HIV testing, prevention and treatment is rarely offered within inpatient settings. METHODS: We conducted a multisite, retrospective cohort study of patients with opioid use disorder with infectious complications of injection drug use hospitalized between 1/1/2018-12/31/2018. We evaluated HIV care continuum outcomes using descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests for intergroup differences. RESULTS: 322 patients were included. Of 300 patients without known HIV, only 2 had a documented discussion of PrEP, while only 1 was prescribed PrEP on discharge. Among the 22 people with HIV (PWH), only 13 (59%) had a viral load collected during admission of whom all were viremic and 10 (45%) were successfully linked to care post-discharge. Rates of readmission, Medicaid or uninsured status, and unstable housing were high in both groups. DISCUSSION: We observed poor provision of HIV testing, PrEP and other HIV services for hospitalized PWID across multiple U.S. medical centers. Future initiatives should focus on providing this group with comprehensive HIV testing and treatment services through a status neutral approach.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Humanos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/terapia , Assistência ao Convalescente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Alta do Paciente , Teste de HIV , Hospitalização
5.
Ann Fam Med ; 21(5): 395-402, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37748900

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In 2018, there were 68 million sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Sexual history screening is an evidence-based practice endorsed by guidelines to identify risk of these infections and adverse sexual health outcomes. In this mixed methods study, we investigated patient- and clinician-level characteristics associated with receipt of sexual history screening, and contextualized these differences in more depth. METHODS: We collected sociodemographics of patients from the electronic health record and sociodemographics of their primary care clinicians via a census survey. Semistructured interviews were conducted with key practice staff. We conducted multilevel crossed random effects logistic regression analysis and thematic analysis on quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 53,246 patients and 56 clinicians from 13 clinical sites participated. Less than one-half (42.4%) of the patients had any sexual history screening documented in their health record. Patients had significantly higher odds of documented screening if they were gay or lesbian (OR = 1.23), were cisgender women (OR = 1.10), or had clinicians who were cisgender women (OR = 1.80). Conversely, patients' odds of documented screening fell significantly with age (OR per year = 0.99) and with the number of patients their clinicians had on their panels (OR per patient = 0.99), and their odds were significantly lower if their primary language was not English (OR = 0.91). In interviews, key staff expressed discomfort discussing sexual health and noted assumptions about patients who are older, in long-term relationships, or from other cultures. Discordance of patient-clinician gender and patients' sexual orientation were also noted as barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions are needed to address the interplay between the social and contextual factors identified in this study, especially those that elicited discomfort, and the implementation of sexual history screening.


Assuntos
Comportamento Sexual , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estados Unidos , Identidade de Gênero , Inquéritos e Questionários , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde
6.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 12: e40470, 2023 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581919

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The syndemic of mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUDs) is common among persons living with HIV and jeopardizes HIV treatment adherence, engagement in care, and viral load suppression. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs), completed through tablet or computer, and telemedicine are evidence- and technology-based interventions that have been used to successfully increase screening and treatment, respectively, a model that holds promise for persons living with HIV. To date, there is limited guidance on implementing ePROs and telemedicine into HIV clinical practice even though it is well known that these evidence-based tools improve diagnosis and access to care. OBJECTIVE: To address this, we aim to conduct a multicomponent intervention for persons living with HIV, including the delivery of HIV services and telemedicine through effective ePROs (+STEP), to increase screening and treatment of MH and SUD in Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP)-funded clinics in Alabama. METHODS: Through this intervention, we will conduct a readiness, acceptability, and accessibility assessment and implement +STEP to improve the diagnosis and treatment of MH and SUD at RWHAP clinics in Alabama. To describe implementation strategies that address barriers to the uptake of +STEP in RWHAP clinics, we will conduct qualitative interviews in years 1 (early implementation), 2 (scale up), and 4 (maintenance) with patients and key staff to evaluate barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies. Our Results will enable us to modify strategies to enhance +STEP penetration over time and inform the implementation blueprint, which we will develop for both RWHAP clinics in Alabama and future sites. We will assess the impact of implementing +STEP on diagnoses, referrals, and health care use related to MH, SUD, and HIV by comparing clinical outcomes from patients receiving these interventions (ePROs and telemedicine) with historical controls. RESULTS: The first study site began implementation in April 2022. A total of 2 additional sites have initiated ePROs. Final results are expected in 2026. The results of this study will provide a foundation for future research expanding access to ePROs for improved diagnosis linked to telemedicine access to accelerate patients along the continuum of care from MH and SUD diagnosis to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving the end of the HIV epidemic in the United States necessitates programs that accelerate movement across the MH and SUD care continuum from diagnosis to treatment for persons living with HIV. Scaling these services represents a path toward improved treatment outcomes with both individual health and population-level prevention benefits of sustained HIV viral suppression in the era of undetectable=untransmittable (U=U). This study will address this evidence gap through the evaluation of the implementation of +STEP to establish the necessary systems and processes to screen, identify, and better treat substance use and MH for people living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/40470.

7.
AIDS Patient Care STDS ; 37(8): 403-415, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37566534

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between sexual history screening (SHS) and referrals to a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) navigator (non-clinical staff member who assists patients in overcoming structural barriers to PrEP) on the proportion of days covered by PrEP for adult patients at a federally qualified health center. Patients' sociodemographics, PrEP prescriptions, referral to a PrEP navigator, and SHS data were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). The analytic sample was 214 adult patients who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative and taking PrEP to prevent infection from January 2016 to December 2019. Mixed-effects negative binomial models were conducted accounting for clustering by patients' primary care providers. Documentation of SHS was associated with a higher proportion of days covered by PrEP (incidence rate ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.77). There was no significant effect of having a referral to the PrEP navigator on the proportion of days covered by PrEP, nor did having a referral to the PrEP navigator moderate the relationship between having SHS documented in the EHR and the proportion of days covered by PrEP. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between having sexual history documented in the EHR, referrals to a PrEP navigator, and their combined effect on the proportion of days covered by PrEP. Results of this study provide foundational evidence for future studies examining SHS as an opportunity to improve PrEP access and adherence and indicate the need for additional research exploring the value of PrEP navigators as an implementation strategy to overcome social and structural barriers to care.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Adulto , Humanos , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição/métodos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Encaminhamento e Consulta
8.
Contemp Clin Trials Commun ; 33: 101123, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37063165

RESUMO

Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is an unaddressed barrier to achieving and maintaining control of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Integrated screening, treatment of common behavioral and mental health comorbidities, and telemedicine can improve alcohol treatment and HIV clinical and quality of life outcomes for rural and underserved populations. Objective: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, we will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of telephone-delivered Common Elements Treatment Approach (T-CETA), a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy protocol, on unhealthy alcohol use, HIV, other substance use and mental health outcomes among predominantly rural adults with HIV receiving care at community clinics in Alabama. Methods: Adults with HIV receiving care at four selected community clinics in Alabama will receive a telephone-delivered alcohol brief intervention (BI), and then be assigned at random (stratified by clinic and sex) to no further intervention or T-CETA. Participants will be recruited after screening positively for unhealthy alcohol use or when referred by a provider. The target sample size is 308. The primary outcome will be change in the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) at six- and 12-months post-enrollment. Additional outcomes include HIV (retention in care and viral suppression), patient-reported mental health (anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress), and quality of life. A range of implementation measures be evaluated including T-CETA provider and client acceptability, feasibility, cost and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: This trial will inform alcohol treatment within HIV care programs, including the need to consider comorbidities, and the potential impact of alcohol interventions on HIV and quality of life outcomes.

9.
BMJ Open ; 12(2): e055884, 2022 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35177460

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Health systems must rapidly move knowledge into practice to address disparities impacting sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients. This qualitative study explores barriers and facilitators that arose during an initiative to improve care for SGM patients in federally qualified health centres (FQHCs) from the perspectives of FQHC staff. DESIGN: Cross-sectional qualitative content analysis, using a general inductive approach, of secondary data from transcripts of intervention events offered to FQHC staff and semistructured interviews with staff and FQHC leadership during the intervention. SETTING: 10 FQHCs from nine states in the USA. PARTICIPANTS: FQHC quality improvement (QI) and clinical care staff, and leaders at each FQHC. INTERVENTIONS: The transforming care for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people QI initiative combined two evidence-based programmes, Learning Collaborative (LC) and Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO), to assist primary care health centres in developing capacity to identify SGM patients, monitor their health and care, and improve disparities. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was identification of barriers and facilitators to implementing initiatives to improve care for SGM patients. The secondary outcome was clarification of how intervention participants used Project ECHO sessions versus LC meetings to obtain information that influenced implementation of the initiative at their FQHC. RESULTS: Barriers and facilitators mapped to two major themes: 'Clinical' (patients' health, wellness, and available treatment) and Health Systems and Institutional Culture (FQHC operations, and customs and social institutions within the FQHCs and in the external environment). Common 'Clinical' inquiries were for assistance with behavioural health, pre-exposure prophylaxis and transgender hormone therapy. Prevalent facilitators included workflow change and staff training, while adapting electronic health records for data collection, decision support and data extraction was the most prevalent barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Project ECHO and LC provided complimentary forums to explore clinical and operational changes needed to improve care for SGM at FQHCs.


Assuntos
Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Pessoas Transgênero , Bissexualidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
10.
Games Health J ; 11(2): 79-84, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35049380

RESUMO

Objective: Game-based interventions can easily disseminate health information to hard-to-reach populations, such as sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY; e.g., gay/lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth). SGMY disproportionately experience health problems, which have been attributed to greater violence victimization, such as bullying. Nevertheless, few interventions exist to improve health outcomes for bullied SGMY. Since game-based interventions offer economically viable and easily scalable solutions, we explored why bullied SGMY play games, the gaming characteristics they enjoy, and their preferences for future game-based interventions. Materials and Methods: We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 20 14- to 18-year-old U.S.-residing bullied SGMY recruited from social media. We asked participants about their current gaming experiences, preferences, and suggestions for future games and then conducted thematic analysis. Results: The majority of SGMY reported playing games to experience positive feelings associated with higher degrees of agency. Through controlling in-game storyline and character customization settings, SGMY described feeling safe and engaged in game play. In addition, SGMY reported playing games as a distraction from the real world. Coping with stress and other negative emotions was a commonly reported motivation for playing games, as was gleaning happiness independent from stress management. Furthermore, SGMY mentioned using games to connect with people, both in-person and virtually, to develop and maintain friendships. Conclusion: This study highlights specific methods of tailoring games to the interests of bullied SGMY. In addition, our findings are preliminary indicators that SGMY may use games to achieve healthy psychosocial developmental milestones. This study may be integral in informing the development of future game-based interventions for SGMY.


Assuntos
Bullying , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Jogos de Vídeo , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Motivação , Pesquisa Qualitativa
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35284782

RESUMO

Background: The United States Institute of Medicine (IOM) published reports in 1999 and 2011 identifying drug use as a priority area for sexual minority health research, specifically focused on mechanisms contributing to drug use disparities and the development of tailored interventions. Limited research has prioritized sexual minority women (SMW) with the majority of substance use research among sexual minorities focused on adolescents and men who have sex with men. This scoping review will characterize the research literature related to illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse among SMW and sub-groups within the SMW population. Through this, we will identify: (1) specific substances used; (2) patterns of substance use; (3) risk and protective factors; (4) prevention interventions; and (5) drug treatment programs specific to SMW. Methods/Design: This review will include studies with empirical data of illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women. Peer-reviewed quantitative research conducted in the United States and published in English from 2011-Present will be included. We will search Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and relevant full-text studies for eligibility. Data will be extracted from eligible articles and results will be presented in narrative and tabular form as appropriate. Discussion: This work will identify gaps of knowledge in the research pertaining to illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women since the 2011 US IOM report. As a result of this work, we will propose directions for future research to address identified gaps.

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