Erratum: CircNT5E promotes the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer via sponging miR-502-5p: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.53385.].

CircNT5E promotes the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer via sponging miR-502-5p.

Accumulating evidence suggest that circRNA RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumor formation and development. circNT5E has been shown to be an oncogenic gene in several types of cancer, and the high expression of circNT5E lead to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the precise role of circNT5E in bladder cancer (Bca) has not been characterized. In this study, we observed that circNT5E expression was augmented in Bca tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and its expression level was positively associated with larger tumor size and lower survival rate. Further experiments showed that suppression of circNT5E restrained the growth and metastasis of Bca cells in vitro. circNT5E was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and it captured miR-502-5p to increase HOXC8 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, decreased miR-502-5p obviously reversed the circNT5E silencing-mediated inhibition of Bca cell growth and migration. Thus, this study suggested that circNT5E may act as a pro-oncogene in the development and progression of Bca and it may become a useful tumor biomarker and promising therapeutic target for Bca treatment.

Chemical characteristics, sources and evolution processes of fine particles in Lin'an, Yangtze River Delta, China.

In this study, daily PM2.5 mass and chemical composition were measure in Lin'an Reginal Background Station, Yangzte River Delta, from March 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. Organic matter (OM) was found to be the most dominant component in four seasons. The proportions of nitrate in PM2.5 presented dramatically lowest in warm seasons but highest in winter, indicating that NO3- was maily driven by thermodynamics. Regional transportation in winter plays a strong impact on PM2.5 concentration, which showed the highest average mass of 60.1 µg m-3. Sulfate occupied a significant portion of PM2.5 in summer (19%), followed by spring (17%), fall (15%), and winter (12%), respectively, suggesting photochemical processes may play a dominant role in the sulfate formation. Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was the dominant component (70%) in the highest polluted periods (PM2.5 > 75 µg m-3), whereas OM decreased into the lowest fraction (22%) of PM2.5. Nitrate was the most important component in SIA in the highest polluted periods with regarding winter. Source apportionment results shown that winter haze was likely strongly dominated by SIA, which was mainly affected by air masses from the North China Plain and Shang-Hangzhou direction. PM2.5 is known to play an important role in sunlight absorption and reversing to human health, continuous observation on PM2.5 species in a background site can help us to evaluate the control policy, and promote our insights to lifetime, formation pathways, health effects of PM2.5.

Temporal variations of six ambient criteria air pollutants from 2015 to 2018, their spatial distributions, health risks and relationships with socioeconomic factors during 2018 in China.

Air pollution events occurred frequently in China, and tremendous efforts were devoted to the reduction of air pollution in recent years. Here, analysis of ambient monitoring data of six criteria air pollutants from 367 Chinese cities during 2015-2018, showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO were reduced significantly by 22.1%, 13.5%, 46.4% and 21.5%, respectively, NO2 reduction was less significant (6.3%) while O3 level instead increased over China (13.7%). Spatial distribution, seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations of the air pollutants during 2018, implicated of effective control measures, were discussed in details, especially for the five key densely populated regions of Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ), Fen Wei Plains (FWP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Sichuan Basin (SCB) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). Moreover, excess health risks (ERs) of the six pollutants were estimated for 2018, and such risks was two times higher if the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline rather than Chinese guideline was adopted. PM10 rather than PM2.5 was the dominant contributor to ERs, and the case with both PM2.5 and PM10 exceeding threshold values occupied ~1/3 of total days, yet contributed ~2/3 of total ERs. For 2018, the health-risk based air quality index (HAQI) was further calculated by combining health risks from multiple pollutants, and it was found that high HAQI mostly distributed in North China Plain (NCP). ~15%, ~85% and ~95% people in YRD, FWP and JJJ were exposed to polluted air (HAQI > 100), and population-normalized HAQI further added the inequality, JJJ and a small region of SCB had much higher HAQI (>280). Investigations on HAQI with socioeconomic factors show that total population, population density and built-up area presented an inverted U-shape, suggesting existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), while a positive relationship was found between HAQI and share of secondary industry. Multiple regression analysis suggested that built-up area was the most prominent factor to HAQI, followed by the gross domestic product (GDP). The findings here demonstrate in great details the current characteristics of air pollution and its associated health risks in China, therefore providing important implications for effective air pollution control strategies in near future for different regions of China.

Complex carotid artery stenosis via enhanced anterior cervical triangle posterior vena jugularisinterna approach.

The paper discuss the surgical techniques and clinical curative effects of CEA (Carotid Endarterectomy, CEA) under a microscope via anterior cervical triangle posterior vena jugularisinterna approach combining with suspended carotid artery on the treatment of high level and complex carotid artery stenosis. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 21 cases of patients. The far end of carotid artery stenosis section is located above the lower edge of the second cervical vertebra centrum. The carotid artery stenosis section of three cases is located at the middle lower edge of the first cervical vertebrae. Clinical evaluation was performed from surgical process, time of postoperative drainage tube removal, perioperative complications and follow-up survey on the serious numbness at the surgical site one month, three months and six months after the surgery. There are 0 cases of postoperative death, 0 cases of cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction, 1 case of myocardial infarction, 2 cases of Hypoglossal nerve temporary injury, 0 case of infection of incisional wound and incidence rates of serious numbness in postoperative follow-up surgical area one month, 3 months and 6 months are 23.81%, 19.05% and 9.52% respectively. The cranial nerves and surrounding muscle groups at the far end of carotid artery stenosis and carotid artery can be fully disposed via anterior cervical triangle posterior vena jugularisinterna by utilizing microsurgery-technique and suspended carotid artery technology conveniently and completely to avoid cutting the corresponding branches of vena jugularisinterna and too much anatomy of anterior triangle lymph fatty tissue to properly avoid postoperative edema at the surgical area, cranial nerve injuries and other complications. It is a convenient, efficient, safe and effective CEA approach. .