[Urinary factors for calcium urolithiasis and their correction].

Drugs for preventing stone formation can be selected based on the average regional indicators, which have features depending on the region of the world. AIM: To investigate the features of urinary factors for lithogenesis (UFL) of calcium urolithiasis in Tashkent and evaluate the variants of their pharmacological correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzed data from 779 patients with calcium urolithiasis. Ninety-nine patients with uncomplicated calcium urolithiasis received non-selective preventive pharmacotherapy. Of them, patients of group 1 (n=21), 2 (n=56) and 3 (n=22) received alkaline citrate (AC) for 1 month, phytotherapy (PT) for 2 months, and combined therapy (AC + PT) for 1 month, respectively. Statistics of UFL in 779 patients with calcium urolithiasis were calculated, and the results of non-selective prophylaxis in 99 patients with uncomplicated calcium urolithiasis were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common UFLs were hypocitraturia (96.7%), decreased diuresis (96.3%), and hyperoxaluria (92.94%). In the patients of group 1, the treatment resulted in an increase in citrate by 54.14% and urine pH by 18.63%; diuresis did not change, and CaOx decreased by 50.63%. In group 2, there was an increase in citrate by 3.88% (on average for 2 months), urine pH by 10.82%, and diuresis by 32.17%; CaOx decreased by 32.59%. In group 3, citrate increased by 71.52%, urine pH by 18.07%, and diuresis by 34.71%; CaOx decreased by 69.15%. Correction of citraturia was effective in patients with initial hypocitraturia: in 80.95%, 78.6%, and 86.4% in groups 1-3, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm the potential of empirical therapy based on the average statistical indicators of the region. The combination of AC (Litren) and PT (Canephron N) proved to be most effective: CaOx decreased to a low level, it was possible to compensate for the undesirable effects of prolonged intake of the synthetic drug (AC). Nevertheless, we believe that long-term controlled studies are needed to confirm the validity of this approach, and the results of this study should be regarded as promising.

[Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in women living in the South Priaralye region].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and types of urinary incontinence (UI) among women living in the South Priaralye region, and to analyze risk factors associated with UI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population-based study was conducted by nested-typological method. Analysis was carried out on the data of 1487 women collected by a standard ICIQ-SF questionnaire, an assessment tool for female urinary incontinence recommended by the European Association of Urology. RESULTS: The study showed that the prevalence of UI among women aged 18 years and older in the South Priaralye region was 27%. The predominant type of the disease was stress UI since in 44.8% of women, the uncontrolled urine loss occurred during exercise. In 16.1% of women urgent type UI was observed, and in 38.6% mixed type of UI was found. The most significant risk factors for UI were recurrent urinary tract infection (odds ratio (OR) of 5.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.12-8.38), gynecological disease (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.99-3.59), enuresis in childhood (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.21-4.88), constipation (OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.45-2.93) the number of births (OR = 1.2 (95% CI 1,05-1.28), and occupation, namely work involving physical strain (odds ratio of 1.2 (95% CI 1.04-1.43). CONCLUSION: In the area of the South Priaralye, more than a fourth of adult females were found to have a UI. Understanding the nature and risk factors for UI will allow planning the resources required to provide treatment and preventive measures in the future.

[Experience of use of sling uretropexy by transobturator method in the treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence].

The article presents the results of the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women using a sling uretropexy by transobturator method--TVT-O procedure. From 2008 to 2011, 67 patients underwent TVT-O surgery for stress urinary incontinence. The average age of the pa-tients was 48.1 +/- 3.1 years. The examination included ICIQ-SF questionnaire survey, filling out the voiding diary, inspection of the external genitalia, perineum and urethra, cough test, cystography to assess the shape and location of the bladder, as well as measuring the posterior vesicourethral angle. For the evaluation of functional state of the lower urinary tract, uroflowmetry was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, stress incontinence was eliminated completely in 60 (89.6%) patients; improvement was observed in 5 (7.5%) patients; and there was no effect of the operation in 2 (3%) patients. 12 months after surgical treatment, 43 (64.2%) women were very pleased with the result of the operation, 20 (29.9%) were satisfied with the result, and only 4 (5.9%) patients were not satisfied. The results suggest that the TVT-O surgery is a safe and effective method of surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence in women. This method of treatment requires thorough differential diagnosis between stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence, as well as taking into account the structural features of the pelvis.

[Comparative characteristics of diagnostic methods of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with urolithiasis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika metodov diagnostiki pervichnogo giperparatireoza u bol'nykh mochekamennoi bolezn'iu.

Nephrolithiasis (NL) is a frequent complication of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Such patients account for 5% of those with nephrolithogenesis. The study included 89 HPT patients (age 34.8 +/- 1.9 years) with NL, 22 patients (age 38 +/- 1.4 years) with NL and 10 healthy controls (age 30 +/- 1.2 years). Hypercalciemia was seen in 27-20% of patients with HPT and NL, 9-10% of patients with nephrolithiasis. Evaluation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood of the examinees showed its high diagnostic value: in 89% of HPT patients this level was high. It was also elevated in 10% of NL patients. cAMP in HPT and NL was elevated in 68.48 and 12% of patients, respectively, serum concentration of Ca2+ was high in 81.4 and 24.5%, Ca load test was positive in 80.9 and 10% of the patients, respectively. It is important for diagnosis that in HPT bone mass is low.

[Zinc metabolism in male rats with a transplanted ovary]. / Metabolizm tsinka u krys-samtsov pri transplantatsii iaichnika.

Results of the research on the concentration of zink ions in the blood serum and prostate tissue, urine excretion level by means of heterotropic transplantation of the ovary to castrated rats (males) are presented. The degree of the organism estrogenization was assessed by determining the estradiol concentration in the blood serum by the radio-immune method. The research has shown that castration leads to a zink concentration decrease in the blood serum and its reduced excretion with the urine. A significant rise in the concentration of estradiol in the blood serum did not influence the zink metabolism in the organism.

[Functional activity of natural killers and T-killers in transplantation of the ovary in mice]. / Funktsional'noe aktivnost' estestvennykh killerov i T-killerov pri transplantatsii iaichnikov u myshei.

The activities of natural killer (NK) cells and T-killers of mice after transplantation of allogeneic ovaries were studied. It was shown that during first month after transplantation cytotoxic and membrano-toxic activities of these effector cells were increased. Activation of NK and T-killers depends on tension of transplantation immunity and may serve as prognostic criteria of rejection.

[Estrogenization with natural hormones in the treatment of prostatic cancer (experimental research)]. / Estrogenizatsiia prirodnymi gormonami v lechenii raka predstatel'noi zhelezy (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Chemotherapy with synthetic estrogens combined with orchiectomy as a treatment for advanced prostatic cancer (PC) has certain disadvantages, i. e. cardiovascular, coagulative, gastrointestinal complications. To prevent the latter, the authors suggest natural estrogens which may be supplied from a transplanted allogenic ovary. Experiments support feasibility of ovarian tissue adaptation in rat males and its intact functional activity. In rats subjected to the transplantation serum levels of estradiol grew significantly against the intact animals, regression of the glandular component in the prostate was more pronounced compared to sterilized animals without the transplant. It is thought possible to estrogenize the body of the male rats in free transplantation of the ovary combined with sterilization. The results are suggestive of possible clinical effect in PC patients.