Bone augmentation in dental implants among Indian patients.

It is of interest to compare guided bone regeneration (GBR) with titanium mesh, alveolar distraction osteo-genesis (DO), GBR with auto-genous bone and e-PTFE membranes and onlay bone grafts. This helps to restore vertically lacking alveolar ridges and their capacity to sustain the vertical bone growth acquired both prior to and following implant placement. The parameters such as (i) success and survival of dental implants (ii) peri-implant clinical parameters after prosthetic loading at 1 year, 2 year and 3 year follow up (iii) resorption of alveolar ridge regenerated before placement of dental implants and after placement of dental implants were assessed. Data shows that the distraction osteo-genesis is more predictable for long-term prognosis of vertical bone growth. However, all methods help to repair the vertically resorbed edentulous ridges.

Evaluation of e-cadherin and vimentin expression for different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma - An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Oral cancer is the 11thcommon cancer in the world and ranks 6thglobally in deaths. The incidence of oral cancer in India accounts for approximately 30%-40% of all cancers. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasias (OEDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Biopsies/blocks of oral cavity lesions were retrieved from the archives of the department. Normal oral mucosa (5 cases), oral epithelial dysplastic (60 cases) and different grades of OSCC (60 cases) evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin sections. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on the blocks and expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin was recorded. Results: Our study included various grades of OED, OSCC and normal mucosa as control cases. The mean age of OED and OSCC was 49 and 56 years, respectively, with male predominance. Tobacco habit was present in approximately 90% cases, and buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved site in oral cavity with whitish patch and ulceroproliferative lesions being the common clinical presentations respectively. In OED, downregulation and altered localization of e-cadherin (81.6%) and increased expression of vimentin (52.3%) along with their concurrent increase in the stroma represent epithelial mesenchymal transition. In OSCC, reduction in expression (<50%) for e-cadherin (56.6%) with altered localization for e-cadherin was seen in 88.3% of OSCC along with neoexpression of vimentin in the epithelial cells was seen in 68.3% suggestive of mesenchymal phenotypic modification (P = 0.05). Conclusion: It is very crucial to evaluate the invasiveness of dysplasia and tumor with specific molecular biomarker that may help in early prediction of malignancy and also guide in deciding best treatment strategy for established cases of malignancy.

Fine needle aspiration as a diagnostic tool in cysticercosis: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease. It is caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. This disease is a public health problem in a country like India, but its incidence is underestimated. With the advent of fine needle aspiration cytology with rapid on-site evaluation, early detection of this disease is possible, especially when the lesion is in anatomically approachable superficial locations. CASE REPORT: We had four cases of cysticercosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology with on-site evaluation using toluidine blue stain, followed by Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. Our cases included three Hindu male patients of age 30 years, 23 years, 17 years and an 26 year old Hindu female. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of cysticercosis can be easily made provided the reporting cytologist is aware of the morphological criteria. Rapid on-site evaluation can further help in taking additional material and caution during staining process.

Histochemical analysis of polarizing colors of collagen using Picrosirius Red staining in oral submucous fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a common potentially malignant disease, which is characterized by generalized fibrosis of the oral soft tissues. It is due to disproportion in the collagen deposition and degradation. The excess deposition of collagen results in juxta epithelial fibro elastic changes and epithelial atrophy. Neoplastic changes in the epithelium usually precede the changes in the connective tissue. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes in birefringence of collagen using picrosirius stain and compare with haematoxylin and eosin stained section. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted on 50 subjects, which included 45 patients diagnosed with different functional and histopathological grades of OSMF and 5 in control group. Picrosirius red stain was used to analyze collagen both histopathologically and qualitatively using polarizing microscopy. Chi-square test at p value <0.05 was used to analyze the results and the significance was tabulated. RESULTS: Collagen fibers showed mixed birefringence with a shift in polarizing colour from yellow to red-orange in lamina propria, around the muscle and blood vessels, which was correlating with the conventional H&E stain. CONCLUSION: The results of present study show a significant change in birefringence of collagen between the various components of connective tissue. This change in birefringence colors and arrangement of collagen fibers might give an assumption of impending neoplastic change in OSMF. How to cite the article: Velidandla S, Gaikwad P, Ealla KK, Bhorgonde KD, Hunsingi P, Kumar A. Histochemical analysis of polarizing colors of collagen using Picrosirius Red staining in oral submucous fibrosis. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(1):33-8.