Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the herbal formulation Triphala guggulu.

Myrrh (guggulu) oleoresin from the Commiphora mukul tree is an important component of antiarthritic drugs in Ayurvedic medicine. Clinical data suggest that elevated levels of hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 enzymes contribute significantly to cartilage degradation. Triphala guggulu (TG) is a guggulu-based formulation used for the treatment of arthritis. We assessed the chondroprotective potential of TG by examining its effects on the activities of pure hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 enzymes. Triphala shodith guggulu (TSG), an intermediate in the production of TG, was also examined. A spectrophotometric method was used to assay Hyaluronidase activity, and to detect potential Hyaluronidase inhibitors. Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of TSG showed weak but dose-dependent inhibition of hyaluronidase activity. In contrast, the TG formulation was 50 times more potent than the TSG extract with respect to hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. A validated X-ray film-based assay was used to measure the gelatinase activity of pure collagenase type 2. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the TG formulation were 4 times more potent than TSG with respect to collagenase inhibitory activity. Components of Triphala were also evaluated for their inhibitory activities on hyaluronidase and collagenase. This is the first report to show that the T2 component of Triphala (T.chebula) is a highly potent hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitor. Thus, the TG formulation inhibits two major enzymes that can degrade cartilage matrix. Our study provides the first in vitro preclinical evidence of the chondroprotective properties of TG.

Differential growth inhibitory effects of W. somnifera root and E. officinalis fruits on CHO cells.

The Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is widely used for measuring drug cytotoxicity and resistance. Therefore, the effects of two major Ayurvedic drugs (W. somnifera root and E. officinalis fruits) on the short and long-term growth of these cells were investigated. A standard 96-well plate assay was used to measure short-term growth. For assessment of long-term growth, the colony formation assay (CFA) was used, which measures clonogenic potential. This assay is the best measure of the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs and the radio-sensitivity of tumor cells. As reported by others, the aqueous extracts of both herbal drugs were found to have short-term growth inhibitory effects on CHO cells when added to cells at the time of cell plating. However, this is the first report showing that these two herbal drugs have significantly different effects on the long-term growth of CHO cells. Thus, extracts of W. somnifera root, but not E. officinalis fruit, caused a reproducible, dose dependent, inhibition of colony formation of CHO cells.