Triflusal in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Acetylsalicylic Acid Hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Acetylsalicylic acid hypersensitivity (ASAH) limits therapeutic options in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), especially when undergoing stent implantation. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triflusal in patients with ACS and ASAH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-center retrospective study of patients diagnosed with ACS and ASAH from January 1, 2000, to May 1, 2020. Sixty-six patients were treated with triflusal. ASAH was confirmed with tests in 15 patients (22.7%). Forty-nine patients (74.2%) presented history of other drug allergies. Fifty-nine patients (89.4%) underwent stent implantation. DAPT was prescribed for ≥12 months in 54 patients. No adverse reactions to triflusal were reported. During a median follow-up of 5.12 years [IQR 2.7-9.9], rate of cardiovascular (CV) mortality was 6.1%, nonfatal myocardial infarction 12.1%, and ischemic stroke 4.5%. No cases of definite stent thrombosis occurred. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium grade ≥2 was observed in 3 patients during follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this series of patients presenting with ACS and ASA hypersensitivity, triflusal showed good tolerability and was associated with a low rate of CV and bleeding events.

Frequency and Reasons of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Discontinuation and Switching of P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated with Stent Implantation.

BACKGROUND: Incidence and reasons of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) discontinuation and switching between P2Y12 inhibitors in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with a stent have been poorly studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective single-center study, 283 consecutive patients presenting with ACS were treated with stent implantation between July 2015 and January 2016. Follow-up was achieved at 12 months in 273 patients using the electronic patient file and telephone interview. Switching from clopidogrel to a new antiplatelet agent (ticagrelor or prasugrel) or vice versa occurred in 60 (21.2%) patients. The most frequent reasons for switching were medical decisions not associated with bleeding events and concomitant use of chronic oral anticoagulation. Among the patients with a 1-year follow-up, 42 (15.4%) prematurely discontinued DAPT; 25 of them did so due to the need for an invasive procedure. DAPT premature discontinuation was not significantly associated with an increased 1-year risk of cardiovascular death or serious cardiac ischemic events (HR 2.08 [CI 95%: 0.88-4.94, p = 0.099]). CONCLUSIONS: DAPT discontinuation and switching between P2Y12 inhibitors are not uncommon in patients with ACS treated with a stent. The most frequent reasons were the need for an invasive procedure and medical decisions.

Triflusal en pacientes con hipersensibilidad al ácido acetilsalicílico tratados con stent coronario / Triflusal in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity treated with coronary stent implantation

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Transcatheter closure of a complex atrial septal defect after occluder device embolization.

Percutaneous closure is nowadays considered the treatment of choice of ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD). However, transcatheter closure can be highly challenging when we face an ASD with complex morphological features. The combination of different imaging modalities can be very helpful. This case shows the great value of using both intracardiac and real time 3D transesophageal echocardiography for the percutaneous closure of a complex iatrogenic ASD after device embolization.

Targeted analysis of omega-6-derived eicosanoids in human serum by SPE-LC-MS/MS for evaluation of coronary artery disease.

A targeted approach has been applied to quantitative analysis of eicosanoids derived from omega-6 fatty acids in serum from individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). The target metabolites were series-2 prostaglandins, thromboxane B2, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids. The method was based on SPELC-MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode for highly selective and sensitive determination of the target eicosanoids. The combination of SPE and LC-MS/MS involved the benefits from both direct analysis of serum without a step for protein precipitation and fully automation of the analysis. The method allowed comparison of omega-6-derived eicosanoids in serum from patients diagnosed with CAD and from control individuals. The effect of treatment with aspirin on the profile of the target compounds was evaluated through its incidence on the different pathways. Finally, the serum levels of the target metabolites in patients diagnosed with CAD were also statistically examined according to the severity of the coronary lesion stratified as stable angina, non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and acute myocardial infarction.

Tratamiento de revascularización en fase aguda del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en mujeres ancianas: eficacia en la reducción de su mortalidad / Acute reperfusion therapy in elderly women with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: efficacy in the reduction of their mortality

Fundamento y objetivo: Los ancianos que presentan un síndrome coronario agudo, y especialmente las mujeres, constituyen un subgrupo con elevadísima morbimortalidad. Intentamos conocer su evolución, tratamiento recibido y factores que determinan su pronóstico. Pacientes y método: Se recogieron retrospectivamente datos de las mujeres de 75 años o más ingresadas en nuestro hospital por infarto de miocardio (IAM) transmural (años 2002-2007), y se incluyeron variables epidemiológicas, las complicaciones vasculares y la incidencia de episodios hospitalarios y a medio plazo. Los datos se analizaron según hubiesen recibido o no tratamiento de repercusión al ingreso. Se investigaron los factores asociados a la ausencia de tratamiento revascularizador y a la mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 195 mujeres, con una edad media de 82,7 años. Un 33% eran diabéticas, el 41% presentó IAM de localización anterior y un 26,2% mostraba grados Killip III-IV al ingreso. Se realizó tratamiento de revascularización en fase aguda al 25,6%. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 28,7% y la mortalidad a los 6 meses fue del 39,8%. La incidencia de eventos cardíacos mayores adversos al año fue del 45,7%.Resultados: La edad, la presencia de bloqueo de rama izquierda o ritmo de marcapasos en el electrocardiograma inicial, el retraso en la demanda de atención médica y el retraso diagnóstico dificultaban la administración de tratamiento en fase aguda. La mortalidad fue 2,7 veces menor en el grupo tratado, a pesar del mayor riesgo de complicaciones hemorrágicas. La ausencia de tratamiento revascularizador, el grado Killip elevado y la baja fracción de eyección fueron predictores independientes de mortalidad. Conclusiones: El IAM en ancianas continua siendo una patología con elevada morbimortalidad. Estas pacientes reciben escaso tratamiento revascularizador en fase aguda a pesar de su aparente beneficio en la reducción de la mortalidad (AU)

Background and objective: Elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes, particularly elderly women, suffer higher mortality and more morbidity than their younger counterparts. We try to document the outcome, treatment received and prognostic factors in this group. Patients and method: All data for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in women aged ¡Ý 75 admitted to our hospital from 2002 to 2007 were retrospectively collected, including epidemiological and clinical variables, vascular complications, in-hospital outcome and middle-term follow-up. These data were analysed and compared depending on reperfusion therapy or not on admission. We determined the causes of not receiving this therapy and the causes of mortality. Results: A total of 195 females were identified. Mean age was 82.7, diabetics 33% and 41% had anterior wall myocardial infarction. Killip III-IV was found in 26.2%. 25.6% of patients underwent reperfusion therapy. In-hospital mortality was 28.7% and 6-months mortality was 39.8%. During one-year follow-up, the major cardiac events rate in these patients was 45.7%.Results: Age, left bundle-branch block o pacemaker rhythm in the electrocardiogram, delayed admission and medical decision were associated with lower reperfusion therapy rates. Death rate was clearly lower (2.7 times) in treated patients although relative risk of bleeding complications was higher. The absence of reperfusion therapy, high Killip on admission and low left ventricular ejection fraction were independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction in elderly women remains a high morbidity and mortality pathology. This group is less likely to receive acute reperfusion therapies, which have apparently been proven to improve outcome and decrease the mortality rate (AU)

[Acute reperfusion therapy in elderly women with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: efficacy in the reduction of their mortality]. / Tratamiento de revascularización en fase aguda del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en mujeres ancianas: eficacia en la reducción de su mortalidad.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes, particularly elderly women, suffer higher mortality and more morbidity than their younger counterparts. We try to document the outcome, treatment received and prognostic factors in this group. PATIENTS AND METHOD: All data for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in women aged >/= 75 admitted to our hospital from 2002 to 2007 were retrospectively collected, including epidemiological and clinical variables, vascular complications, in-hospital outcome and middle-term follow-up. These data were analysed and compared depending on reperfusion therapy or not on admission. We determined the causes of not receiving this therapy and the causes of mortality. RESULTS: A total of 195 females were identified. Mean age was 82.7, diabetics 33% and 41% had anterior wall myocardial infarction. Killip III-IV was found in 26.2%. 25.6% of patients underwent reperfusion therapy. In-hospital mortality was 28.7% and 6-months mortality was 39.8%. During one-year follow-up, the major cardiac events rate in these patients was 45.7%. Age, left bundle-branch block o pacemaker rhythm in the electrocardiogram, delayed admission and medical decision were associated with lower reperfusion therapy rates. Death rate was clearly lower (2.7 times) in treated patients although relative risk of bleeding complications was higher. The absence of reperfusion therapy, high Killip on admission and low left ventricular ejection fraction were independently associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Acute myocardial infarction in elderly women remains a high morbidity and mortality pathology. This group is less likely to receive acute reperfusion therapies, which have apparently been proven to improve outcome and decrease the mortality rate.

El tratamiento conservador parece la mejor opción para los aneurismas coronarios sin estenosis / Conservative treatment is apparently the best option in coronary aneurysms without associated stenosis

Los aneurismas coronarios son una patología infrecuente, con una incidencia variable según la población estudiada. La causa más frecuente es la aterosclerosis coronaria, por lo que suele asociarse a estenosis en las coronarias. Realizamos una revisión de todos los estudios angiográficos efectuados en los últimos 10 años en nuestro laboratorio, más de 12 000 pacientes. Trece pacientes mostraron dilataciones aneurismáticas en las coronarias sin relación con estenosis adyacentes. El motivo de ingreso fue un síndrome coronario agudo en la mayoría de los casos, lo que pone de manifiesto la elevada morbilidad asociada de esta patología. Tiene una clara relación con el sexo masculino, sin que hayamos podido encontrar una explicación para esta asociación. A pesar de la ausencia de estenosis coronarias asociadas, creemos que la enfermedad aterosclerótica podría ser su causa etiológica. Debido a la ausencia de grandes registros no se conoce la evolución real de los aneurismas coronarios sin estenosis significativas asociadas y de probable etiología aterosclerótica. En función de nuestra experiencia y de la revisión bibliográfica efectuada, el tratamiento farmacológico conservador es una buena opción en la mayor parte de los pacientes, con buen pronóstico en la evolución a mediano y largo plazo.

[Drug eluting stents: long term results in clinical practice. Comparison between rapamycin and paclitaxel eluting stents]. / Resultados a largo plazo del empleo de stents recubiertos de fármacos en la práctica clínica habitual. Comparación entre los stents liberadores de rapamicina y los stents liberadores de paclitaxol.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Drug eluting stents have demonstrated their superiority versus bare metal stents in the reduction of restenosis and major adverse cardiac events. Most studies do not identificate differences between rapamycin and paclitaxel eluting stent. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study. We identified all patients treated with rapamycin eluting stents or paclitaxel eluting stents during 2003 and 2004 in our center. We analized major adverse cardiac events incidence in the whole group and we investigated for differences between paclitaxel and rapamicin groups. RESULTS: 170 patients were included. 98 treated with rapamycin eluting stents and 72 with paclitaxel eluting stents. Medium follow up was 365 days. There were no differences between groups in demographic or periprocedural variables. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 3.5% in the entire group (2.0% in rapamycin group and 5.6% in paclitaxel group; p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: Drug eluting stents show a low incidence of major adverse cardiac events when they are utilized in usual clinical practice. With regard to this, we have not found differences between most used devices in our environment, rapamycin eluting stents and paclitaxel eluting stents.

Resultados a largo plazo del empleo de stents recubiertos de fármacos en la práctica clínica habitual. Comparación entre los stents liberadores de rapamicina y los stents liberadores de paclitaxol / Drug eluting stents: long term results in clinical practice. Comparison between rapamycin and paclitaxel eluting stents

Fundamento y objetivo: Los stents liberadores de fármacos han logrado una reducción en la incidencia de eventos clínicos y reestenosis respecto a los stents convencionales. La mayoría de los trabajos no muestra diferencias entre los stents liberadores de rapamicina y de paclitaxol. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se seleccionó a todos los pacientes tratados con stents recubiertos de rapamicina o paclitaxol durante los años 2003 y 2004 en nuestro centro. Analizamos la incidencia de eventos cardíacos mayores adversos en el total de pacientes y estudiamos si hubo diferencias entre ambos tipos de stents. Resultados: Se incluyó a 170 pacientes, 98 tratados con stent de rapamicina y 72 con stent de paclitaxol, con un seguimiento medio de 395 días. No hubo diferencias demográficas entre ambos grupos ni en las variables relacionadas con el procedimiento. La incidencia de eventos cardíacos mayores fue del 3,5% (el 2,0% en el grupo rapamicina y el 5,6% en el de paclitaxol; p = 0,43). Conclusiones: Los stents liberadores de fármacos presentan una baja incidencia de eventos cardíacos mayores cuando son utilizados en la práctica clínica habitual. A este respecto, no hemos hallado diferencias entre los dispositivos más utilizados en nuestro medio, el stent liberador de rapamicina y el liberador de paclitaxol

Background and objective: Drug eluting stents have demonstrated their superiority versus bare metal stents in the reduction of restenosis and major adverse cardiac events. Most studies do not identificate differences between rapamycin and paclitaxel eluting stent. Patients and method: Retrospective study. We identified all patients treated with rapamycin eluting stents or paclitaxel eluting stents during 2003 and 2004 in our center. We analized major adverse cardiac events incidence in the whole group and we investigated for differences between paclitaxel and rapamicin groups. Results: 170 patients were included. 98 treated with rapamycin eluting stents and 72 with paclitaxel eluting stents. Medium follow up was 365 days. There were no differences between groups in demographic or periprocedural variables. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 3.5% in the entire group (2.0% in rapamycin group and 5.6% in paclitaxel group; p = 0.43). Conclusions: Drug eluting stents show a low incidence of major adverse cardiac events when they are utilized in usual clinical practice. With regard to this, we have not found differences between most used devices in our environment, rapamycin eluting stents and paclitaxel eluting stents

[Coronary aneurysms not associated to stenosis of coronary arteries. Conservative treatment and evolution in six patients]. / Aneurismas coronarios no asociados a estenosis en las arterias coronarias. Tratamiento conservador y evolución en un registro de 6 casos.

Coronary artery aneurysms are a relatively infrequent finding with an incidence of 1-2% per year. The most frequent cause is atherosclerosis and, in that case, they are always associated to stenosis of coronary arteries. We reviewed the coronary angiographic studies performed in the past seven years and we identified six patients that were admitted with an acute coronary syndrome, whose angiographic studies showed the presence of aneurysms in, at least, one of the coronary arteries. In these patients, we found no relation between aneurysms and distal or proximal stenosis. Although there was no angiographic evidence of classical coronary atherosclerosis, we think that atherosclerotic disease could have been the etiological cause, due to injury of the endothelium and media by deposits of lipids, smooth muscle cells, collagen, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes that would have damaged the adventitia layers of the vessel wall, stimulating "vasa-vasorum" neovascularization. The evolution of coronary aneurysms without associated stenosis in the same coronary artery and without another potentially treatable cause is unknown. Due to the limited literature regarding this issue and, taking into account our experience, we feel that, in these cases, medical treatment might be a good option as we detected no major cardiac events in any patient at mid and long-term follow up.

Aneurismas coronarios no asociados a estenosis en las arterias coronarias: Tratamiento conservador y evolución en un registro de 6 casos / Coronary aneurysms not associated to stenosis of coronary arteries: conservative treatment and evolution in six patients

Los aneurismas coronarios son una patología relativamente infrecuente, con una incidencia anual del 1-2%. La causa más frecuente es la ateroesclerosis coronaria y en este caso se suelen asociar a estenosis en las arterias coronarias. Revisamos todos los estudios angiográficos realizados en los últimos 7 años y recogimos los casos de 6 pacientes ingresados por síndrome coronario agudo a los que se realizó coronariografía, demostrando dilataciones aneurismáticas en las arterias coronarias sin relación con estenosis proximales o distales. A pesar de la ausencia de estenosis coronarias, pensamos que la enfermedad ateroesclerótica podría ser la causa mediante: lesión del endotelio y la elástica interna con el depósito de lípidos, células musculares lisas, colágeno, macrófagos y linfocitos T, con afectación final de las capas media y adventicia, y neoformación de vasa-vasorum. Se desconoce la evolución de los aneurismas coronarios sin estenosis significativas asociadas y sin otra causa etiológica tratable. A tenor de la escasa literatura publicada al respecto y con nuestra experiencia creemos que el tratamiento médico conservador podría ser una buena opción en estos casos. En el seguimiento a medio-largo plazo no se registraron eventos cardíacos mayores en ningún paciente.

Coronary artery aneurysms are a relatively infrequent finding with an incidence of 1-2% per year. The most frequent cause is atherosclerosis and, in that case, they are always associated to stenosis of coronary arteries. We reviewed the coronary angiographic studies performed in the past seven years and we identified six patients that were admitted with an acute coronary syndrome, whose angiographic studies showed the presence of aneurysms in, at least, one of the coronary arteries. In these patients, we found no relation between aneurysms and distal or proximal stenosis. Although there was no angiographic evidence of classical coronary atherosclerosis, we think that atherosclerotic disease could have been the etiological cause, due to injury of the endothelium and media by deposits of lipids, smooth muscle cells, collagen, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes that would have damaged the adventitia layers of the vessel wall, stimulating "vasa-vasorum" neovascularization. The evolution of coronary aneurysms without associated stenosis in the same coronary artery and without another potentially treatable cause is unknown. Due to the limited literature regarding this issue and, taking into account our experience, we feel that, in these cases, medical treatment might be a good option as we detected no major cardiac events in any patient at mid and long-term follow up.