Histopathologic Changes in Congenital Corneal Stromal Dystrophy: Report of 4 Cases in 2 Families.

Corneal dystrophies are hereditary diseases affecting the corneal tissue; they are bilateral, symmetrical and unrelated to environmental or systemic conditions. Congenital corneal stromal dystrophy is a very rare autosomal dominant dystrophy that is caused by a mutation in the DCN gene that encodes decorin (a proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix). We herein report 4 cases of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy in 2 families, highlighting the previously undescribed histopathologic features, the possible differential diagnosis of this entity and the key role played by decorin staining in its diagnosis.

The economic burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a rare, debilitating, and potentially fatal disease. This study aims to quantify the economic burden of PAH in Spain. METHODS: The study was conducted from a societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs associated with incident and prevalent patients. Average annual costs per patient were estimated by multiplying the number of resources consumed by their unit cost, differentiating the functional class (FC) of the patient. Total annual costs per FC were also calculated, taking the 2020 prevalence and incidence ranges into account. An expert committee validated the information on resource consumption and provided primary information on pharmacological consumption. Unit costs were estimated using official tariffs and salaries in Spain. A deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the uncertainty of the model. RESULTS: The average annual total cost was estimated at €98,839 per prevalent patient (FC I-II: €65,233; FC III: €103,736; FC IV: €208,821), being €42,110 for incident patients (FC I-II: €25,666; FC III: €44,667; FC IV: €95,188). The total annual cost of PAH in Spain, taking into account a prevalence between 16.0 and 25.9 cases per million adult inhabitants (FC I-II 31.8%; FC III 61.3%; FC IV 6.9%) and an incidence of 3.7, was estimated at €67,891,405 to €106,131,626, depending on the prevalence considered. Direct healthcare costs accounted for 64% of the total cost, followed by indirect costs (24%), and direct non-healthcare costs (12%). The total costs associated with patients in FC I-II ranged between €14,161,651 and €22,193,954, while for patients in FC III costs ranged between €43,763,019 and €68,391,651, and for patients in FC IV between €9,966,735 and €15,546,021. In global terms, patients with the worst functional status (FC IV) account for only 6.9% of the adults suffering from PAH in Spain, but are responsible for 14.7% of the total costs. CONCLUSIONS: PAH places a considerable economic burden on patients and their families, the healthcare system, and society as a whole. Efforts must be made to improve the health and management of these patients since the early stages of the disease.

The Influence of the Teacher's Prosocial Skills on the Mindwandering, Creative Intelligence, Emotions, and Academic Performance of Secondary Students in the Area of Physical Education Classes.

Physical Education classes are a key context for the development of creativity due to interactions with peers and the resolution of complex motor skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the teacher's social behaviors on the mindwandering, emotional state, and academic performance of Physical Education students. The study involved 606 high school students and 36 physical education teachers. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the variables of the study. The results showed how the teacher's prosocial and antisocial behaviors had a negative influence on mindwandering. In turn, mindwandering negatively predicted creative intelligence. Likewise, creative intelligence positively predicted a positive emotional state and academic performance and negatively predicted a negative emotional state. Finally, a positive emotional state positively predicted academic performance, while a negative emotional state predicted it negatively. Therefore, the results achieved in the study showed how mindwandering should be promoted in the educational field as a means of encouraging creativity and therefore increasing the well-being of students, which is conducive to academic performance.

Validation and Adaptation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of Physical Education.

Physical education (PE), by its own characteristics, is a subject where social communication is especially promoted. However, it is necessary to have tools that evaluate the social behaviour of students during PE classes. For this reason, we propose to validate and adapt the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of PE classes. The study involved 1081 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.83; SD = 1.27). The psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavior Scale were analyzed through several statistical analyses. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis and the exploratory factorial analysis supported the internal structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the scale was invariant to gender. Cronbach's alpha values were higher than 0.70 in the factors and sub-factors, finally showing adequate levels of temporal stability. Taking into account the results achieved in the present study, PE teachers have an effective tool to assess the social and antisocial behaviour of their students' students during PE classes.

Effects of structural components of artificial turf on the transmission of impacts in football players.

The third generation of artificial turf systems (ATS) has matched the mechanical behaviour of natural grass, but today a high heterogeneity at structural level and mechanical behaviour in the new ATS also exists. The objective was to analyse the effect of the structural components of ATS football pitches and running speed on the capacity of impact attenuation. A total of 12 athletes were evaluated at three speed conditions (3.33 m/s, 4 m/s and maximum speed) on four different ATS, classifying them by their components (length of fibre, type of in-fill and sub-base). Impact attenuation was significantly higher in ATS3, characterised by longer fibre compared to other ATS with less fibre length. The ATS4 with a higher length fibre and built on compacted granular material proportioned significantly lower values in the maximum peaks of tibia acceleration. Finally, as speed increases, the peak tibia impacts were significantly higher. Longer fibre length and the capacity to accommodate a higher quantity of infill facilitate higher impact attenuation. Equally, a compacted granular sub-base is related to lower magnitude of maximum tibia peaks. Finally, the magnitude of the tibia acceleration peaks is dependent of running speed for all ATS analysed, being higher as speed increases.

Experiencia de prevención en salud mental pediátrica: psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de escoliosis / Prevention experience in pediatric mental health: surgical pychoprophylaxis in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery

El presente artículo presenta un proyecto piloto de Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica en el Departamento de Traumatología, Unidad de Escoliosis, Hospital de niños Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna. La Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica, enmarcada dentro de la psicología de la salud, tiene por objetivo apoyar al paciente que será sometido a cirugía, en el manejo de emociones, actitudes y comportamientos que se derivan de la situación quirúrgica, a través de una intervención psicoterapéutica preventiva, breve y focalizada. Se planteó una intervención psicológica para pacientes que debían ser sometidos a cirugía correctiva de escoliosis. Esta constó de 3 instancias: (a) entrevista inicial y evaluación de ansiedad, (b) intervención intrahospitalaria y (c) control postquirúrgico. En todas ellas se midió Nivel Anímico, Nivel de Actividad, Calidad del Sueño y Calidad de la Alimentación. Los resultados sugieren que si los pacientes tienen un adecuado conocimiento del proceso al cual se enfrentarán, aumentaría su sensación de control de la situación y por ende, disminuiría su ansiedad pre-quirúrgica. No obstante, no basta informar, sino que además es necesario adecuarse a las características de cada paciente al hacer entrega de la información, siendo este factor el que permitiría el cambio en los niveles de ansiedad pre-quirúrgica.

This article presents a trial scheme of surgical psychoprophylaxis in the Scoliosis Unit of the Traumatology department at “Doctor Luis Calvo Mackenna childrens” Hospital. This project arises from The surgical psychoprophylaxis is to an area within Health Psychology that aims to support the patient that will undergo surgery, by performing a brief preventive psychotherapeutic intervention that helps him/her to handle possible emotions, attitudes and behaviors that may appear as a result of the surgical experience. The intervention had three stages: (a) Initial interview and anxiety assessment (b) intra- hospital intervention (c) post surgical control. In each stage mood level was measured as well as activity level, sleep quality and feeding behavior quality. The results suggest that, if patients have adequate knowledge of the process they are going to face their feeling of control over the situation would increase and thus reduce preoperative anxiety. Nevertheless, informing is not enough but it is also necessary to adapt the delivery of information to each patient’s characteristics, for this would be the main factor that would allow changes in preoperative anxiety levels.

Relación de la alteración espermática en el líquido seminal con algunos metabolitos del estrés oxidativo / Relation of the spermatic alteration in the seminal fluid with some metabolites of oxidative stress

Se estudió la relación inicial entre algunos parámetros alterados en el líquido seminal con el hábito de fumar y alcoholismo, así como su asociación con algunos metabolitos del estrés oxidativo. Se utilizaron 40 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de infertilidad del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, en edades comprendidas de 20 a 45 años, con previo consentimiento informado. Se valoró la relación del alcohol y hábito de fumar con las alteraciones del líquido seminal, incluidos dentro de los parámetros seminales la movilidad, morfología, conteo total de espermatozoides, pH, aspecto, consistencia, leucocitospermia, viabilidad espermática y bioquímica seminal según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y algunos metabolitos relacionados con los mecanismos de estrés oxidativo. Para el análisis estadístico se determinaron las frecuencias de cada variable, se compararon las medias por t de Student y se realizó un análisis de varianza de una vía. En los hombres alcohólicos existió una mayor asociación con las alteraciones de los parámetros seminales que en los pacientes fumadores. Se concluyó que existe relación entre las alteraciones del líquido seminal, con mayor frecuencia en hombres alcohólicos, así como en pacientes que presentan algún tipo de infección seminal, donde la relación con la albúmina fue estadísticamente significativa, no así para otros metabolitos estudiados(AU)

Relación de la alteración espermática en el líquido seminal con algunos metabolitos del estrés oxidativo / Relation of the spermatic alteration in the seminal fluid with some metabolites of oxidative stress

Se estudió la relación inicial entre algunos parámetros alterados en el líquido seminal con el hábito de fumar y alcoholismo, así como su asociación con algunos metabolitos del estrés oxidativo. Se utilizaron 40 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de infertilidad del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, en edades comprendidas de 20 a 45 años, con previo consentimiento informado. Se valoró la relación del alcohol y hábito de fumar con las alteraciones del líquido seminal, incluidos dentro de los parámetros seminales la movilidad, morfología, conteo total de espermatozoides, pH, aspecto, consistencia, leucocitospermia, viabilidad espermática y bioquímica seminal según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y algunos metabolitos relacionados con los mecanismos de estrés oxidativo. Para el análisis estadístico se determinaron las frecuencias de cada variable, se compararon las medias por t de Student y se realizó un análisis de varianza de una vía. En los hombres alcohólicos existió una mayor asociación con las alteraciones de los parámetros seminales que en los pacientes fumadores. Se concluyó que existe relación entre las alteraciones del líquido seminal, con mayor frecuencia en hombres alcohólicos, así como en pacientes que presentan algún tipo de infección seminal, donde la relación con la albúmina fue estadísticamente significativa, no así para otros metabolitos estudiados