Utilidad de los biomarcadores en el manejo del dolor abdominal / Utility of biomarkers in abdominal pain management

Las manifestaciones de las enfermedades que subyacen bajo el término de dolor abdominal agudo (DAA) como motivo de consulta en urgencias, pueden ser sutiles en su inicio y variables en el tiempo, lo que dificulta su reconocimiento precoz. Entre ellas son prioritarias las englobadas bajo el término de abdomen agudo (AA) o situación de DAA tiempo-dependiente. Los biomarcadores pueden mejorar el manejo de estos pacientes, añadiendo información adicional a la valoración clínica y a las exploraciones complementarias, e incrementando la capacidad diagnóstica y pronóstico. Los biomarcadores más utilizados en urgencias son la proteína C reactiva (PCR), la procalcitonina (PCT) y el lactato. La PCR ha sido el marcador más estudiado en el diagnóstico del DAA, y es muy difícil establecer un punto de corte que proporcione buena sensibilidad y especificidad. La PCT es el biomarcador más sensible y adecuado, gracias a su particular cinética, para valorar la gravedad antes de que los signos clínicos de sepsis grave o alteración hemodinámica hagan su aparición. El lactato es un marcador de hipoperfusión tisular y elemento clave en el manejo de la sepsis grave y del shock séptico en el abdomen agudo, lo que añadido a su fácil y rápida obtención y a su bajo coste, definen su importancia y utilidad en los servicios de urgencias (AU)

Abdominal pain conditions that fall into the category of acute abdomen (AA) are the most important ones to identify quickly. Diagnostic delay can lead to death or significant complications. Biological markers have the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic capacity of clinical assessment and the conventional complement of tests. This review aims to explore the relevance of several markers to the management of AA in the emergency department. Creactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and lactate are the biomarkers most often used in the emergency department. CRP is often analyzed in the context of AA, but it is very difficult to establish a cutoff that gives good sensitivity and specificity. The kinetics of CRP make it the most sensitive biomarker and one that is appropriate for assessing severity before the onset of clinical signs of severe sepsis or altered hemodynamics. Lactate is a marker of poor tissue perfusion, a key element in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in AA. Since lactate testing is easy and inexpensive, this important biomarker is useful in the emergency department (AU)

[Utility of biomarkers in abdominal pain management]. / Utilidad de los biomarcadores en el manejo del dolor abdominal.

EN: Abdominal pain conditions that fall into the category of acute abdomen (AA) are the most important ones to identify quickly. Diagnostic delay can lead to death or significant complications. Biological markers have the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic capacity of clinical assessment and the conventional complement of tests. This review aims to explore the relevance of several markers to the management of AA in the emergency department. Creactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and lactate are the biomarkers most often used in the emergency department. CRP is often analyzed in the context of AA, but it is very difficult to establish a cutoff that gives good sensitivity and specificity. The kinetics of CRP make it the most sensitive biomarker and one that is appropriate for assessing severity before the onset of clinical signs of severe sepsis or altered hemodynamics. Lactate is a marker of poor tissue perfusion, a key element in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in AA. Since lactate testing is easy and inexpensive, this important biomarker is useful in the emergency department.

ES: Las manifestaciones de las enfermedades que subyacen bajo el término de dolor abdominal agudo (DAA) como motivo de consulta en urgencias, pueden ser sutiles en su inicio y variables en el tiempo, lo que dificulta su reconocimiento precoz. Entre ellas son prioritarias las englobadas bajo el término de abdomen agudo (AA) o situación de DAA tiempo-dependiente. Los biomarcadores pueden mejorar el manejo de estos pacientes, añadiendo información adicional a la valoración clínica y a las exploraciones complementarias, e incrementando la capacidad diagnóstica y pronóstico. Los biomarcadores más utilizados en urgencias son la proteína C reactiva (PCR), la procalcitonina (PCT) y el lactato. La PCR ha sido el marcador más estudiado en el diagnóstico del DAA, y es muy difícil establecer un punto de corte que proporcione buena sensibilidad y especificidad. La PCT es el biomarcador más sensible y adecuado, gracias a su particular cinética, para valorar la gravedad antes de que los signos clínicos de sepsis grave o alteración hemodinámica hagan su aparición. El lactato es un marcador de hipoperfusión tisular y elemento clave en el manejo de la sepsis grave y del shock séptico en el abdomen agudo, lo que añadido a su fácil y rápida obtención y a su bajo coste, definen su importancia y utilidad en los servicios de urgencias.

Does fecal calprotectin predict relapse in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An evaluation is made of the utility of fecal calprotectin in predicting relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The possible differences in its predictive capacity in Crohn's disease (CD) versus ulcerative colitis (UC), and the different phenotypes, are also examined. METHODS: This is a prospective study with 135 patients diagnosed with IBD in clinical remission for at least 3 months. The patients submitted a stool sample within 24 hours after the baseline visit, for the measurement of fecal calprotectin. All patients were followed-up on for one year. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients had CD and 69 UC. Thirty-nine (30%) suffered from relapse. The fecal calprotectin concentration was higher among the patients with relapse than in those that remained in remission: 444 µg/g (95% CI 34-983) versus 112 µg/g (95% CI 22-996); p<0.01. Patients with CD and calprotectin>200 µg/g relapsed 4 times more often than those with lower marker concentrations. In UC, calprotectin>120 µg/g was associated with a 6-fold increase in the probability of disease activity outbreak. The predictive value was similar in UC and CD with colon involvement and inflammatory pattern. In this group, calprotectin>120 µg/g predicted relapse risk with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 60%. Relapse predictive capacity was lower in patients with ileal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal calprotectin may be a useful marker for predicting relapse in patients with IBD. Its predictive value is greater in UC and CD with colon involvement and inflammatory pattern, compared with ileal CD.

Mujer joven con enfermedad de Crohn y gas portal / No disponible

No disponible

Evisceración vaginal / Vaginal evisceration

No disponible

Obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer increases morbidity and mortality in association with altered nutritional status.

Intestinal obstruction aggravates the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of nutritional status and inflammatory response in CRC patients with or without intestinal obstruction. The study was carried out on 43 patients with CRC. Twenty-three of these patients had intestinal obstruction. Anthropometric measurements, serum protein content, acute phase reactants, and diagnostic and risk nutritional indices were analyzed. The presence of intestinal obstruction reduced albumin (31 +/- 5.2 vs. 36 +/- 4.2 g/l; P = 0.0025) and prealbumin (0.13 +/- 0.047 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.042 g/l; P = 0.0001) and increased C-reactive protein (49 +/- 43.8 vs. 14 +/- 16.7 mg/l; P = 0.006) and alpha1-antitrypsin (189 +/- 34.7 vs. 148 +/- 35.4 mg/dl; P = 0.0011). Intestinal obstruction was related to malnutrition (86% vs. 33%; P = 0.019) and Mullen's prognostic nutritional index (48 +/- 21.7 vs. 31 +/- 17.9; P = 0.038) in CRC patients. Mullen's nutritional risk index was inversely correlated to total cholesterol (r = -0.51; P = 0.0002) and albumin (r = -0.81; P = 0.0001). No correlation was found between Duke's tumor stages and acute phase response, inflammatory parameters, and malnutrition. In conclusion, intestinal obstruction occurred more frequently in CRC patients with malnutrition. The increased morbidity and mortality of CRC patients was also associated with acute phase response, inflammation, and low serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration.