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1.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 16(1): 5-17, Ene. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229277

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar los resultados de las campañas de SEFAC de cribado del riesgo de padecer diabetes, realizados en las farmacias comunitarias españolas desde 2014. Métodos: estudio descriptivo acumulativo de los resultados de las campañas del Día Mundial de la Diabetes, en 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 y 2021. Pacientes: usuarios ≥18 años no diagnosticados de diabetes con consentimiento firmado. Variables: puntuación del test de Findrisc, media (m) y desviación estándar (DE) y participantes en intervalos de riesgo, n (%). Variables demográficas (sexo, edad) y antropométricas, índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), perímetro de cintura (cm), glucemia capilar m (DE) (mg/dl). Resultados: participaron 1.146 farmacéuticos, 12402 usuarios. 8.799 (70,9 %) tenían IMC ≥25 kg/m2. 7366 (59,4 %) tomaban antihipertensivos. 6047 (48,8 %) con perímetro abdominal excesivo. 5962 (48,0 %) tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes. El riesgo medio (puntuación Findrisc) fue de 11,3 (4,6), sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El número de participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto (F≥15) fue 3107 (25,0 %) sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El riesgo alto/muy alto aumenta con la edad, de 282 (15,1 %) personas de 45-54 años hasta 1695 (40,1 %) personas >64 años. Se derivaron al médico 1762 (14,2 %), sin datos de resultado. Tiempo medio de entrevista: 10,3 (5,3) minutos, sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la cuarta parte de los encuestados tenían riesgo alto/muy alto y fueron derivados al médico uno de cada siete. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron IMC, hipertensión arterial, perímetro abdominal y antecedentes familiares de diabetes. Debe mejorarse la comunicación interprofesional, pues no se obtuvo resultado de las derivaciones al médico. (AU)


Aim: To analyze diabetes risk screening using the Findrisc questionnaire, performed in Spanish community pharmacies (CP) since 2014. Methods: Cumulative descriptive study of the results of the World Diabetes Day campaigns, in 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 and 2021. Subjects: users ≥18 years not diagnosed with diabetes with signed consent. Variables: Findrisc test score m (SD) and participants in risk intervals, n (%). Demographic (sex, age) and anthropometric variables, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), capillary glycemia m (SD) (mg/dl). Results: 1146 pharmacists, 12402 users. 8799 (70.9 %) had BMI ≥25 Kg/m2. 7366 (59.4 %) were taking antihypertensive drugs. 6047 (48.8 %) with unhealthy abdominal perimeter. 5962 (48.0 %) had a family history of diabetes. The mean risk (F score) was 11.3 (4.6), with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). The number of participants with high/very high risk (F≥15) was 3107 (25.0%) with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). High/very high risk increased with age, from 282 (15.1%) persons aged 45-54 years to 1695 (40.1%) persons >64 years. A total of 1762 (14.2% of the total) were referred to a physician.Mean interview time: 10.3 (5.3) minutes, with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). Conclusions: One quarter of the respondents were at high/very high risk and one in seven were referred to a physician. The most prevalent risk factors were BMI, hypertension, abdominal circumference and family history of diabetes. Interprofessional communication should be improved, as no results were obtained from referrals to the physician. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Farmacêuticos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Programas de Rastreamento
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 38(6): 379-386, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37120112

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia are rare neurodegenerative syndromes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of these disorders in Spain in 2019. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia in Spain between March 2018 and December 2019. RESULTS: We gathered data from a total of 1933 patients from 11 autonomous communities, provided by 47 neurologists or geneticists. Mean (SD) age in our sample was 53.64 (20.51) years; 938 patients were men (48.5%) and 995 were women (51.5%). The genetic defect was unidentified in 920 patients (47.6%). A total of 1371 patients (70.9%) had ataxia and 562 (29.1%) had hereditary spastic paraplegia. Prevalence rates for ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia were estimated at 5.48 and 2.24 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. The most frequent type of dominant ataxia in our sample was SCA3, and the most frequent recessive ataxia was Friedreich ataxia. The most frequent type of dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in our sample was SPG4, and the most frequent recessive type was SPG7. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the estimated prevalence of ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia was 7.73 cases per 100 000 population. This rate is similar to those reported for other countries. Genetic diagnosis was not available in 47.6% of cases. Despite these limitations, our study provides useful data for estimating the necessary healthcare resources for these patients, raising awareness of these diseases, determining the most frequent causal mutations for local screening programmes, and promoting the development of clinical trials.


Assuntos
Ataxia Cerebelar , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária/epidemiologia , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária/genética , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 15(2): 29-40, 14 abr. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219039

RESUMO

La dispensación es el servicio más demandado e importante dentro de las labores que realiza el farmacéutico, en su día a día, en la farmacia comunitaria. El objetivo de la dispensación es garantizar el acceso del paciente al medicamento de manera adecuada y controlada. En dicho proceso, el farmacéutico comunitario tiene la obligación, como profesional de la salud, de participar de forma activa y comprometida en la detección de posibles errores de medicación o relacionados con la misma. El Grupo de Trabajo de Seguridad del Paciente de SEFAC ha elaborado, como comienzo de una serie de futuros proyectos, unos listados de verificación y decálogos de buenas prácticas sobre medicamentos formulados en forma de parches transdérmicos, comprimidos bucodispersables o formas de liberación modificada. Con esta iniciativa se pretende, mediante una entrevista previa con el paciente y el uso de estas herramientas, minimizar en la medida de lo posible, los errores o problemas que puedan surgir con dichos medicamentos velando finalmente por la seguridad del paciente. A lo largo del 2023 se espera comenzar un pilotaje en farmacias comunitarias colaboradoras con el Grupo de Trabajo de Seguridad del paciente de SEFAC y así poder recoger y notificar los resultados que se obtengan (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Segurança do Paciente , Erros de Medicação/prevenção & controle , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Lista de Checagem , Otimização de Processos
4.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 1591, 2023 01 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36709214

RESUMO

Traditionally, smear microscopy has been used to estimate bacillary burden in order to assess infectiousness in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Since Xpert MTB assays might replace smear microscopy as the first-line diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis, an alternative measure of bacillary load that correlates with smear positivity is needed. This study assessed the correlation between CT (with and without normalization), smear status, culture time-to-positivity (TTP), and clinical factors in patients with Xpert ultra positive sputum during a four-year period. A cut-off CT value for smear positivity was also estimated. 204 samples were included. Strong correlation between both Xpert Ultra CT values (raw and normalized) and smear status was obtained (r = 0.78 and - 0.79, respectively). The association between Raw-CT and TTP was weaker than normalized-CT (N-CT) and TTP (r = 0.50 and r = - 0.70, respectively). A Raw-CT cut-off value of 21.4 was identified with 85.7% (95% CI 65.4-95) sensitivity and 92.9% (95% CI 84.3-96.9) specificity. A N-CT cut-off value of 5.2 yielded a sensitivity of 94.3% (95% CI 86.2-97.8) and specificity of 85.7% (95% CI 65.4-95). Our study demonstrates that Xpert Ultra CT value correlates well with other measures of bacillary load such as smear status or TTP. The correlation with TTP is stronger when the CT value is normalized using the internal control. The proposed N-CT cut-off value of 5.2 shows a better sensitivity than the Raw-CT when predicting smear positive status.


Assuntos
Bacillus , Lacticaseibacillus casei , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Escarro , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Firmicutes , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 15(1): 22-40, ene. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215166

RESUMO

Objetivos: detección, notificación y seguimiento de sospechas de reacciones adversas (RA) tras la administración de la primera dosis de la vacuna frente a la COVID-19 en usuarios de las farmacias comunitarias y su repercusión sobre la salud y vida diaria. Métodos: diseño: observacional prospectivo. Sujetos: personas vacunadas frente a la COVID-19, mayores de edad, que firmaron el consentimiento informado. Variables: número y porcentaje de participantes que presentaban al menos una RA. Número, tipo y frecuencia de posible reactividad. Repercusión en su vida diaria. El estudio fue aprobado por el CEIm-G (Exp. 2021-007).Resultados: colaboraron 10 farmacias de Pontevedra y 2 de Ourense. 781 casos, 488 (62,5 %) mujeres. Edad 56,8 (DE=17,9) años. 389 (49,8 %) en grupo de riesgo.495 (63,4 %) vacunados, 321 mujeres (65,8 %) y 174 (59,4 %) hombres refirieron al menos una RA: 236 (53,0 %) frente a Comirnaty®, 157 (82,6 %) a Vaxzevria®, 69 (66,3 %) a Spikevax® y 33 (80,5) a Janssen®.Se registraron 1.367 RA, 1,8 por persona vacunada. Las más prevalentes (el % es sobre el total de pacientes): dolor en punto de inyección 375 (48,0 %), cansancio/fatiga 170 (21,8 %), escalofríos 118 (15,1 %), cefalea 117 (15,0 %), dolor muscular 112 (14,3 %) y fiebre 98 (12,5 %). De los 495 encuestados con RA, necesitaron ayuda profesional 77 (15,6 %): del médico de familia 30 (39,0 %), 9 (11,7 %) en servicio de urgencias, 1 (1,3 %) en hospital y 37 (48,1 %) en la farmacia. A 118 (15,1 %) les impidió desarrollar su actividad diaria.Se comunicaron las RA que refirieron 264 vacunados (53,3 %).Conclusiones: el número de vacunados que manifestaron haber sufrido RA fue alto. Dolor en el punto de inyección fue la RA más prevalente. La mitad fueron atendidos en la farmacia. Aunque fueron en general leves, afectaron notablemente a su vida diaria. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Farmacovigilância , Estudos Prospectivos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Vacinas Virais/efeitos adversos
6.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 15(4): 13-25, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226420

RESUMO

Objetivo: conocer dentro del proyecto May Measurement Month (MMM), la situación de la presión arterial (PA) en la población española, difundir la importancia de su medida periódica y estimar la prevalencia de hipertensión enmascarada (HEN). Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en farmacias comunitarias españolas durante mayo de 2019. Sujetos: usuarios adultos que consentían participar. Variables: presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) en milímetros de mercurio (mmHg), frecuencia cardíaca (FC) en latidos/minuto (lat/min) A los participantes con PA ≥130/85 y <149/90 se les ofrecía realizar automedida (AMPA) para confirmar HEN. Resultados: 491 farmacéuticos recogieron 3.402 registros válidos (61,9% mujeres), edad media 56,6 años. 143 (4,2 %) nunca se habían medido la PA y 918 (27,0 %) no la habían medido en el último año. 1.047 tomaban antihipertensivos, de los que el 45,7 % tenían la PA alta. 780 (22,9 %) participantes tenían valores elevados de PA; ambos, 252 (7,4 %). La PASm fue 125,0 y la PADm 76,5 mmHg, mayor en hombres (p<0,001). La FCm fue de 72,6 lat/min. Se encontró relación directa entre PAS y PAD e IMC (p<0,0001). PADm y FCm fueron mayores en fumadores (p<0,0001). En pacientes diabéticos, PAS, PAD y FC fueron mayores. 61 participantes con sospecha de HEN aceptaron realizar AMPA. 25 (40,1 %) resultaron con PA ≥135/85 mmHg. Conclusiones: casi uno de cada cuatro participantes tenía valores de PA ≥140/90 mmHg. Los factores de riesgo relacionados más estrechamente con la PA elevada fueron sobrepeso, diabetes y edad. El 40 % de las sospechas de HEN se confirmaron mediante AMPA (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão Mascarada/diagnóstico , Promoção da Saúde , Estudos Transversais
7.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 14(3): 15-21, julio 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209779

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar los registros de sospechas de efectos adversos (EA) de las vacunas frente al SARSCoV-2 administradas a farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC) y personal auxiliar.Métodos. Diseño: estudio observacional transversal, en febrero-abril de 2021. Sujetos: farmacéuticos, técnicos y auxiliares de la provincia de Pontevedra que ejercen en contacto con los pacientes, vacunados con la primera dosis frente al SARS-CoV-2.Variables: número, tipo y frecuencia de EA, características demográficas.Procedimiento: se habilitó un formulario en la web del Colegio de Farmacéuticos de Pontevedra. Se anunció a los FC colegiados de la provincia su existencia y la conveniencia de cumplimentarlo.Resultados: 167 participantes, de los que 153 manifestaron síntomas compatibles con reactividad a la vacuna, 122 (93,1 %) mujeres y 31 (86,1 %) hombres. 146 (95,4 %) habían recibido Vaxzevria®, 116(79,4 %) mujeres y 30 (20,6 %) hombres, y 7 (4,6 %) Comirnaty®, 6 (85,7 %) mujeres y 1 (14,3 %) hombre. Se comunicaron 823 EA, 811 (5,3 DE=2,8 EA, 0-12 por paciente) con Vaxzevria® y 12 (0,9 DE=1,0 EA, 0-3 por paciente) con Comirnaty®. EA más frecuentes: dolor en punto de inyección, 128 (87,7 %); escalofríos, 107 (73,3 %); dolor muscular, 106 (72,6 %). En los tres casos, mayor proporción de mujeres (p<0,01). El número máximo de EA manifestados por un participante fue 12. 132 (86,3 %) vacunados que refirieron EA, 106 (86,9 %) mujeres y 26 (83,9 %) hombres, necesitaron medicamentos para aliviar los síntomas. 77 (46,1 %) no pudieron desarrollar sus actividades diarias y 47 (28,1 %) no pudieron trabajar el día siguiente. Conclusiones: el número de EA comunicados por farmacéuticos y personal auxiliar vacunados fue alto. Aunque no fueron graves, afectaron de manera considerable a su actividad diaria y laboral. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Farmacovigilância , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Vacinas , Espanha , Farmacêuticos
8.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 14(Supl 1): 1, junio 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209280

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la diferencia de aprendizaje de las nociones básicas del uso adecuado del medicamento entre estudiantes de 1ºbachillerato y 4ºESO. Impartir las intervenciones educativas (IE) como una actividad complementaria en el programa educativo para inculcar buenos hábitos desde la adolescencia con la finalidad de conseguir un uso responsable del medicamento a medio y largo plazo. Evaluar el grado de satisfacción con la actividad educativa de estudiantes y docentes.Material Y Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, multicéntrico, centrado en una muestra de estudiantes de 1ºbachillerato y 4ºESO de las tres provincias aragonesas durante 2021/2022. La actividad educativa fue impartida en dos sesiones. Después de cada IE los estudiantes resolvieron cinco ejercicios en la plataforma del proyecto. En la segunda, además rellenaron una encuesta de satisfacción. Al personal docente se pasó la encuesta de satisfacción vía email. RESULTADOS/DISCUSIÓN: a fecha 11/03/2022, participaron 21 centros, 19 Zaragoza, 1 Huesca y 1 Teruel. Participaron 1.244 estudiantes, 740 1ºbach. y 504 4ºESO. Colaboraron 36 farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC) impartiendo la IE en 47 aulas, 27_1ºbach, 20_4ºESO. De media 2,2(1-8) aulas por centro. El porcentaje global de aciertos en los ejercicios resultó 52,15%(DE:9.66). Por cursos, 1ºbach_54,95%(DE:9.06), 4ºESO_48,17%(DE:9.29). El análisis de los resultados señaló diferencias significativas (t-Student p=0.02) entre ambos cursos. En cuanto a la satisfacción con la IE, el 91,8% de los estudiantes consideró la IE interesante/muy interesante, y el 100% del personal docente que envió la encuesta se mostró satisfecho/muy satisfecho, considerando cursos idóneos para impartir la actividad, 1ºbach_100% y 4ºESO_91,7%. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Farmácia , Pessoal de Educação , Estudantes , Educação em Saúde
9.
Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 33(2): 58-66, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35534412

RESUMO

AIM: The main aim of this investigation was to analyse the specificity and sensibility of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale (CBS-S) in assessing grade of pain, sedation, and withdrawal syndrome in paediatric critical care patients. METHOD: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study conducted in Level III Intensive Care Areas of 5 children's university hospitals. Grade of sedation was assessed using the Spanish version of the CBS-S and the Bispectral Index on sedation, once per shift over one day. Grade of withdrawal was determined using the CBS-S and the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1, once per shift over three days. RESULTS: A total of 261 critically ill paediatric patients with a median age of 5.07 years (P25:0.9-P75:11.7) were included in this study. In terms of the predictive capacity of the CBS-S, it obtained a Receiver Operation Curve of .84 (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 76%) in relation to pain; .62 (sensitivity of 21% and specificity of 78%) in relation to sedation grade, and .73% (sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 74%) in determining withdrawal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale could be a useful, sensible and easy scale to assess the degree of pain, sedation and pharmacological withdrawal of critically ill paediatric patients.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuidados Críticos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Dor , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/diagnóstico
10.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 33(2): 1-9, Abr-Jun 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-203600

RESUMO

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de la investigación fue analizar la especificidad y sensibilidad de la escala COMFORT Behavior Scale-Versión española (CBS-ES) en la determinación del grado de dolor, sedación y síndrome de abstinencia.Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal y multicéntrico en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricas de 5 hospitales españoles. Se valoró el grado de sedación del paciente crítico pediátrico de forma simultánea empleando para ello la CBS-ES y registrando los valores del Bispectral Index Sedation, una vez por turno durante un día. El grado de abstinencia se determinó una vez por turno, durante 3 días, empleando de forma simultánea la CBS-ES y la Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1.Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 261 pacientes críticos pediátricos con una mediana de 1,61 años (P25: 0,35-P75: 6,55). Por lo que a la capacidad predictiva de la CBS-ES se refiere se obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0,84 (sensibilidad del 81% y especificidad del 76%) con relación al dolor; de 0,62 (sensibilidad del 27% y especificidad del 78%) en el caso de la sedación, y de 0,73 (sensibilidad del 40% y especificidad del 74%) en el del síndrome de abstinencia.Conclusiones: Se ha podido contrastar que la CBS-ES podría ser un instrumento sensible, útil y fácil de emplear para valorar el grado de dolor, sedación y síndrome de abstinencia farmacológico del paciente crítico pediátrico.


Aim: The main aim of this investigation was to analyse the specificity and sensibility of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale (CBS-S) in assessing grade of pain, sedation, and withdrawal syndrome in paediatric critical care patients.Method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study conducted in Level III Intensive Care Areas of 5 children's university hospitals. Grade of sedation was assessed using the Spanish version of the CBS-S and the Bispectral Index on sedation, once per shift over one day. Grade of withdrawal was determined using the CBS-S and the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1, once per shift over three days.Results: A total of 261 critically ill paediatric patients with a median age of 5.07 years (P25:0.9-P75:11.7) were included in this study. In terms of the predictive capacity of the CBS-S, it obtained a Receiver Operation Curve of .84 (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 76%) in relation to pain; .62 (sensitivity of 21% and specificity of 78%) in relation to sedation grade, and .73% (sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 74%) in determining withdrawal syndrome.Conclusions: The Spanish version of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale could be a useful, sensible and easy scale to assess the degree of pain, sedation and pharmacological withdrawal of critically ill paediatric patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Behaviorismo , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Dor , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Enfermagem , Espanha , Cuidados Críticos , Criança
11.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(93)ene. - mar. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210307

RESUMO

Introducción: existe consenso en la necesidad de realizar un cribado predeportivo, aunque con enormes diferencias en cuanto a protocolos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer el estado de los reconocimientos predeportivos en niños, conocer la prevalencia de anomalías cardiovasculares y valorar la utilidad del electrocardiograma (ECG). Pacientes y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal. Durante dos años se realizó el reconocimiento médico propuesto por la Guía Clínica de Evaluación Cardiovascular previa a la práctica deportiva en Pediatría en las revisiones de niños mayores de seis años, incluyendo anamnesis, exploración física y electrocardiograma. Resultados: se incluyeron 691 niños. El 62,5% realizaba deporte extraescolar con una mediana de 3 horas por semana (2-4,5). El 52,2% de los niños estaban federados. Existen diferencias en las horas de práctica deportiva y la edad entre niños federados y no federados (p <0,001). En los federados se realizó reconocimiento en el 68,1% y un ECG en el 19%, existiendo diferencias significativas entre los distintos tipos de deportes (p <0,001). El 13% de los niños estudiados presentaban antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía. El 3,5% de los ECG realizados fueron patológicos precisando valoración por Cardiología Pediátrica. El 6,6% de los niños con antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía y el 3% de los niños sin antecedentes necesitaron seguimiento cardiológico. Conclusiones: en la mayoría de los reconocimientos deportivos de nuestro medio no se incluye ECG. Investigar en profundidad los antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía es importante (AU)


Introduction: there is consensus on the need to perform pre-sport screening, although with enormous differences in terms of protocols. The objective of our study is to know the status of pre-sport screenings in children, to know the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities and to assess the usefulness of the electrocardiogram (ECG).Patients and methods: descriptive cross-sectional study. For two years, the medical screening proposed by the Clinical Guide for Cardiovascular Evaluation prior to sports practice in pediatrics was carried out in the check-ups of children older than 6 years, including anamnesis, physical examination and electrocardiogram.Results: 691 children were included. 62.5% did extracurricular sports with a median of 3 hours per week (2-4.5). 52.2% of the children were federated. There are differences in the hours of sports practice and age between federated and non-federated children (p <0.001). In federated, recognition was performed in 68.1% and ECG in 19%, with significant differences between the different types of sports (p <0.001). 13% of the children studied had a family history of heart disease. 3.5% of the ECGs performed were pathological, requiring evaluation by pediatric cardiology. 6.6% of the children with a family history of heart disease and 3% of the children without a history required cardiac follow-up.Conclusions: ECG is not included in most of the sports examinations in our environment. Investigating family history of heart disease is important. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Eletrocardiografia , Esportes Juvenis , Estudos Transversais
12.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 32(4): 189-197, Octubre - Diciembre 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220866

RESUMO

Objetivos Determinar los niveles de sedación del paciente crítico pediátrico mediante el Biespectral Index Sensor (BIS) y analizar la relación entre el grado de sedación y las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas del paciente. Métodos Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y multicéntrico de mayo de 2018 a enero de 2020 desarrollado en 5unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricas del territorio español. Se registraron como variables sociodemográficas y clínicas el sexo, la edad, motivo de ingreso, si el paciente tenía enfermedad crónica, el tipo y número de fármacos que se le estaban administrando y la duración de la estancia. Además, se anotaron los valores del BIS una vez por turno, mañana y noche, durante 24 h. Resultados Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 261 pacientes, de los cuales el 53,64% eran del sexo masculino, con una edad mediana de 1,61 años (0,35-6,55). El 70,11% (n=183) estaban analgosedados y monitorizados con el sensor BIS. Se observó una mediana en las puntuaciones globales de BIS de 51,24±14,96 en el turno de mañana y de 50,75±15,55 en el de noche. No se detectó significación estadística al comparar los niveles de BIS y las diversas variables sociodemográficas y clínicas del paciente crítico pediátrico. Conclusiones A pesar de las limitaciones inherentes al sensor BIS, los estudios existentes y el que aquí se presenta muestran que el BIS es un instrumento útil para monitorizar el grado de sedación en el paciente crítico pediátrico. Se requieren más investigaciones que objetiven qué variables relacionadas con el paciente tienen más peso en al grado de analgosedación y que contrasten clínicamente la eficacia de escalas como, por ejemplo, la COMFORT Behavior Scale versión española. (AU)


Aims To determine the grade of sedation in the critically ill paediatric patient using Biespectral Index Sensor (BIS) and to analyse its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical patient variables. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study performed from May 2018 to January 2020 in 5 Spanish paediatric critical care units. Sex, age, reason for admission, presence of a chronic pathology, type and number of drugs and length of stay were the sociodemographic and clinical variables registered. Furthermore, the grade of sedation was assessed using BIS, 11per shift over 24hours. Results A total of 261 paediatric patients, 53.64% of whom were male, with a median age of 1.61 years (0.35-6.55), were included in the study. Of the patients, 70.11% (n=183) were under analgosedation and monitored using the BIS sensor. A median of BIS values of 51.24±14.96 during the morning and 50.75±15.55 during the night were observed. When comparing BIS values and sociodemographic and clinical paediatric variables no statistical significance was detected. Conclusions Despite the limitations of the BIS, investigations and the present study show that BIS could be a useful instrument to assess grade of sedation in critically ill paediatric patients. However, further investigations which determine the sociodemographic and clinical variables involved in the grade of paediatric analgosedation, as well as studies that contrast the efficacy of clinical scales like the COMFORT Behaviour Scale-Spanish version, are required. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Enfermagem , Pediatria , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Analgesia , Espanha , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos Transversais , Condições Sociais , Demografia
13.
Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 32(4): 189-197, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34772640

RESUMO

AIMS: To determine the grade of sedation in the critically ill paediatric patient using Biespectral Index Sensor (BIS) and to analyse its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical patient variables. METHODS: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study performed from May 2018 to January 2020 in 5 Spanish paediatric critical care units. Sex, age, reason for admission, presence of a chronic pathology, type and number of drugs and length of stay were the sociodemographic and clinical variables registered. Furthermore, the grade of sedation was assessed using BIS, once per shift over 24 h. RESULTS: A total of 261 paediatric patients, 53.64% of whom were male, with a median age of 1.61 years (0.35-6.55), were included in the study. Of the patients, 70.11% (n = 183) were under analgosedation and monitored using the BIS sensor. A median of BIS values of 51.24 ±â€¯14.96 during the morning and 50.75 ±â€¯15.55 during the night were observed. When comparing BIS values and sociodemographic and clinical paediatric variables no statistical significance was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the BIS, investigations and the present study show that BIS could be a useful instrument to assess grade of sedation in critically ill paediatric patients. However, further investigations which determine the sociodemographic and clinical variables involved in the grade of paediatric analgosedation, as well as studies that contrast the efficacy of clinical scales like the COMFORT Behaviour Scale-Spanish version, are required.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Estado Terminal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino
14.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 34 Suppl 1: 49-51, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34598427

RESUMO

The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is based on the use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), especially rRT-PCR. The latter also allows us to quickly identify variants of concern. However, its use in follow-up of patients and the correlation between Ct value and the viability of the virus is controversial.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Teste para COVID-19 , Humanos , Patologia Molecular
15.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 38(3): 109-118, jul.-sep. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221306

RESUMO

Introducción: Dentro del proyecto internacional May Measurement Month (MMM) en España, la farmacia comunitaria es el establecimiento sanitario en el que se llevan a cabo el mayor número de mediciones y donde se puede sensibilizar a la población sobre la importancia de la medida periódica de la presión arterial (PA). Objetivo: Conocer la situación de la PA de la población española y la difusión de la importancia de su medida periódica, a través de las farmacias comunitarias. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en las farmacias comunitarias españolas durante el mes de mayo de 2018, entre los usuarios de las mismas, mayores de edad. Como variables principales se midieron la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados: Se llevaron a cabo 5.785 determinaciones por 891 farmacéuticos. 1.755 (34,8%) personas no se habían medido la PA en el último año. El 31,2% de los participantes tenía cifras elevadas de PA. PAS media (PASm) fue de 127,1 ± 20,1 y PAD media (PADm) de 77,5 ± 12,5, mayor en hombres (p < 0,001). Los pacientes con valores de PA de normalidad fueron 3.981 (68,8%); elevadas una 1.226 (21,2%) y dos 578 (10%). Los pacientes con PAS ≥ 140 fueron 912 (15,76%) y con PAD ≥ 90 fueron 314 (5,4%). Se detectaron cuatro (0,07%) emergencias hipertensivas. Conclusiones: Tres de cada diez personas participantes tenían algún valor alto de PA. Por lo que, las determinaciones de PA protocolizadas realizadas en un establecimiento sanitario como la farmacia comunitaria, ha permitido identificar un número significativo de sujetos con PA elevada y no tratada. (AU)


Introduction: Within the international project May Measurement Month, in Spain, the community pharmacy is where the greatest number of measurements are carried out and where the population can be made aware of the importance of regular blood pressure measurement. Objectiv: To ascertain the situation of the Spanish population's blood pressure and dissemination of the importance of its regular measurement through the community pharmacies. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Spanish community pharmacies during the month of May 2018, among pharmacy users of legal age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured as main variables. Results: Five thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five readings were made by 891 pharmacists. One thousand, seven hundred and fifty-five (34.8%) people had not had their blood pressure measured in the last year. Of the participants, 31.2% had high blood pressure readings. Mean systolic blood pressure was 127.1±20.1 and mean diastolic blood pressure 77.5±12.5, higher in men (p<.001). There were normal blood pressure values in 3,981 (68.8%) patients; one high reading in 1,226 (21.2%); and two in 578 (10%). There were 912 (15.76%) patients with SBP≥140 and 314 (5.4%) with DBP≥90. Four (0.07%) hypertensive emergencies were detected. Conclusions: Three out of ten participants had a high blood pressure reading. Therefore, protocolized blood pressure readings carried out in a health care facility such as the community pharmacy, allowed the identification of a significant number of subjects with high and untreated blood pressure. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Farmácias , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Pressão Arterial
16.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34226130

RESUMO

AIM: The main aim of this investigation was to analyse the specificity and sensibility of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale (CBS-S) in assessing grade of pain, sedation, and withdrawal syndrome in paediatric critical care patients. METHOD: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study conducted in Level III Intensive Care Areas of 5 children's university hospitals. Grade of sedation was assessed using the Spanish version of the CBS-S and the Bispectral Index on sedation, once per shift over one day. Grade of withdrawal was determined using the CBS-S and the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1, once per shift over three days. RESULTS: A total of 261 critically ill paediatric patients with a median age of 5.07 years (P25:0.9-P75:11.7) were included in this study. In terms of the predictive capacity of the CBS-S, it obtained a Receiver Operation Curve of .84 (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 76%) in relation to pain; .62 (sensitivity of 21% and specificity of 78%) in relation to sedation grade, and .73% (sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 74%) in determining withdrawal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the COMFORT Behaviour Scale could be a useful, sensible and easy scale to assess the degree of pain, sedation and pharmacological withdrawal of critically ill paediatric patients.

17.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33824050

RESUMO

AIMS: To determine the grade of sedation in the critically ill paediatric patient using Biespectral Index Sensor (BIS) and to analyse its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical patient variables. METHODS: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multicentre study performed from May 2018 to January 2020 in 5 Spanish paediatric critical care units. Sex, age, reason for admission, presence of a chronic pathology, type and number of drugs and length of stay were the sociodemographic and clinical variables registered. Furthermore, the grade of sedation was assessed using BIS, 11per shift over 24hours. RESULTS: A total of 261 paediatric patients, 53.64% of whom were male, with a median age of 1.61 years (0.35-6.55), were included in the study. Of the patients, 70.11% (n=183) were under analgosedation and monitored using the BIS sensor. A median of BIS values of 51.24±14.96 during the morning and 50.75±15.55 during the night were observed. When comparing BIS values and sociodemographic and clinical paediatric variables no statistical significance was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the BIS, investigations and the present study show that BIS could be a useful instrument to assess grade of sedation in critically ill paediatric patients. However, further investigations which determine the sociodemographic and clinical variables involved in the grade of paediatric analgosedation, as well as studies that contrast the efficacy of clinical scales like the COMFORT Behaviour Scale-Spanish version, are required.

18.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 38(3): 109-118, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33863691

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Within the international project May Measurement Month, in Spain, the community pharmacy is where the greatest number of measurements are carried out and where the population can be made aware of the importance of regular blood pressure measurement. OBJECTIV: To ascertain the situation of the Spanish population's blood pressure and dissemination of the importance of its regular measurement through the community pharmacies. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Spanish community pharmacies during the month of May 2018, among pharmacy users of legal age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured as main variables. RESULTS: Five thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five readings were made by 891 pharmacists. One thousand, seven hundred and fifty-five (34.8%) people had not had their blood pressure measured in the last year. Of the participants, 31.2% had high blood pressure readings. Mean systolic blood pressure was 127.1±20.1 and mean diastolic blood pressure 77.5±12.5, higher in men (p<.001). There were normal blood pressure values in 3,981 (68.8%) patients; one high reading in 1,226 (21.2%); and two in 578 (10%). There were 912 (15.76%) patients with SBP≥140 and 314 (5.4%) with DBP≥90. Four (0.07%) hypertensive emergencies were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Three out of ten participants had a high blood pressure reading. Therefore, protocolized blood pressure readings carried out in a health care facility such as the community pharmacy, allowed the identification of a significant number of subjects with high and untreated blood pressure.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Farmácias , Pressão Sanguínea , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Espanha
19.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33775475

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia are rare neurodegenerative syndromes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of these disorders in Spain in 2019. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia in Spain between March 2018 and December 2019. RESULTS: We gathered data from a total of 1.809 patients from 11 autonomous communities, provided by 47 neurologists or geneticists. Mean (SD) age in our sample was 53.64 (20.51) years; 920 patients were men (50.8%) and 889 were women (49.2%). The genetic defect was unidentified in 920 patients (47.6%). A total of 1371 patients (70.9%) had ataxia and 562 (29.1%) had hereditary spastic paraplegia. Prevalence rates for ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia were estimated at 5.48 and 2.24 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. The most frequent type of dominant ataxia in our sample was SCA3, and the most frequent recessive ataxia was Friedreich ataxia. The most frequent type of dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in our sample was SPG4, and the most frequent recessive type was SPG7. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the estimated prevalence of ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia was 7.73 cases per 100 000 population. This rate is similar to those reported for other countries. Genetic diagnosis was not available in 47.6% of cases. Despite these limitations, our study provides useful data for estimating the necessary healthcare resources for these patients, raising awareness of these diseases, determining the most frequent causal mutations for local screening programmes, and promoting the development of clinical trials.

20.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(1): 122-129, ene. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220457

RESUMO

Purpose Outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been improved by the identification of biomarkers predictive and prognostic of clinical outcome. The present retrospective analysis was undertaken to assess the utility of key biomarkers and clinical parameters in predicting outcomes in Spanish patients with mCRC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples from a series of patients aged > 18 years with mCRC who were treated at the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Spain. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. The key outcome of interest was overall survival (OS). Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and stratified by the variables of greatest clinical interest. Differences were tested using the log-rank test. Results Median OS in the overall population was 24.4 months. Triple WT patients (WT KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF) and quadruple WT patients (WT KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA) had significantly better OS than those who did not have triple or quadruple WT tumors. OS was significantly better in patients with left- vs. right-sided tumors, patients with resected primary tumors and metastases vs. those without resection, and patients with isolated hepatic and isolated pulmonary metastases. Conclusions This retrospective, observational study has confirmed the prognostic value of the location and resection status of the primary tumor and metastases in Spanish patients with mCRC. Triple WT status, in particular, was prognostic in this patient population, with PIK3CA adding to the prognostic value in the quadruple WT population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Marcadores Genéticos , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Prognóstico
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