[Pharmacological treatment in uncertainty times: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine use in the COVID-19 treatment]. / Tratamiento farmacológico en tiempos de incertidumbre: uso de la hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina en el tratamiento de COVID-19.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this moments, of extreme gravity in which we find ourselves, and in the uncertainty face about the most effective treatment against COVID-19 disease and with the aim of find the evidence that support the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine use recommendation to treat COVID-19 disease, a systematic review of published studies and RCT studies publishes until April 28, 2020 was carried out. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed with the keywords COVID-19 and their synonyms and hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine. The data selection and extraction was elaborated by two researchers, independently. The results were discussed with a Primary Care physicians clinical group and the results were synthesized using GRADE methodology. RESULTS: A good quality systematic review was found that includes articles with a high risk of bias. And 8 EC launched that will produce results beyond May 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Although the conclusions of the systematic review generate a low confidence in the results, and the clinical variables that show benefit are intermediate variables, the side effects are acceptable and could be minimized with the use of QT lengthening risk tools, so it is could make a weak recommendation in favor of the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in patients with mild-moderate stage COVID-19.

Tratamiento farmacológico en tiempos de incertidumbre: uso de la hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina en el tratamiento de COVID-19 / Pharmacological treatment in uncertainty times: hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine use in the COVID-19 treatment

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: En los momentos de extrema gravedad en los que nos encontramos, y ante la incertidumbre acerca de los tratamientos más eficaces en la lucha contra la enfermedad COVID-19 y con el objetivo de conocer las evidencias que pueden sostener la recomendación de utilización de cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina en el COVID 19, se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados y EC puestos en marcha con fecha hasta 28 de abril 2020. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed con las palabras clave COVID-19 y sus sinónimos y cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina. La selección y extracción de los datos aparecidos en dicha búsqueda fue realizada por dos investigadores de forma independiente. Los resultados se discutieron con un grupo clínico de médicos de Atención Primaria y se sintetizaron los resultados mediante tablas de GRADE. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una revisión sistemática de buena calidad que incluye artículos con elevado riesgo de sesgos. Y 8 EC puestos en marcha que arrojarán resultados más allá de mayo de 2020. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque las conclusiones de la revisión sistemática generan una baja confianza en los resultados, y las variables clínicas que muestran beneficio son variables intermedias, los efectos secundarios son asumibles y podrían ser minimizados con el uso de herramientas de riesgo de alargamiento del QT, por lo que se podría hacer una recomendación débil a favor del uso de cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina en pacientes con COVID-19 en estadio leve-moderado

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this moments, of extreme gravity in which we find ourselves, and in the uncertainty face about the most effective treatment against COVID-19 disease and with the aim of find the evidence that support the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine use recommendation to treat COVID-19 disease, a systematic review of published studies and RCT studies publishes until April 28, 2020 was carried out. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed with the keywords COVID-19 and their synonyms and hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine. The data selection and extraction was elaborated by two researchers, independently. The results were discussed with a Primary Care physicians clinical group and the results were synthesized using GRADE methodology. RESULTS: A good quality systematic review was found that includes articles with a high risk of bias. And 8 EC launched that will produce results beyond May 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Although the conclusions of the systematic review generate a low confidence in the results, and the clinical variables that show benefit are intermediate variables, the side effects are acceptable and could be minimized with the use of QT lengthening risk tools, so it is could make a weak recommendation in favor of the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in patients with mild-moderate stage COVID-19

[Do we adequately prescribe antiplatelet treatment to type 2 diabetic patients?]. / Antiagregamos adecuadamente a los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2?

OBJECTIVE: To estimate how many type 2 diabetic patients receive antiplatelet therapy according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines on primary and secondary prevention. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on information in medical records. A random sample of 170 type 2 diabetics seen in an urban Health Centre was studied. MEASUREMENTS: The data collected including, age, sex, antiplatelet therapy according to the ADA, antiplatelet therapy indicated, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and other clinical parameters. RESULTS: Of the subjects analysed, 56.9% were males, and the mean age was 67.8 years. The majority of patients (71.2%) were on primary prevention, and 44.4% of the diabetics were receiving adequate antiplatelet therapy according to the ADA. Among the subjects on secondary prevention, 90.9% received adequate antiplatelet therapy, while only 25.7% of those on primary prevention received it, which was significant. The most used antiplatelet drug was acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of diabetes on primary prevention does not receive adequate antiplatelet therapy, according to the ADA. However, patients on secondary prevention receive sufficient antiplatelet treatment. The benefits of ASA in reducing cardiovascular disease are well documented in patients with cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the role of antiplatelet therapy in diabetics on primary prevention is not clear and is the subject of discussion. From 2006 to 2011, the ADA has modified the recommendation level of primary prevention antiplatelet therapy, thus decreasing the percentage of patients that may be given antiplatelet therapy with ASA, to the extent that it increases the cardiovascular risk calculation required for its indication.

¿Antiagregamos adecuadamente a los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2? / Do we adequately prescribe antiplatelet treatment to type 2 diabetic patients?

Objetivo. Estimar cuántos pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 deberían recibir tratamiento antiagregante, según las directrices de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA) en prevención primaria y secundaria. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en información de historias clínicas. Muestra aleatoria de 170 diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos en el año 2006, en un centro de salud urbano. Mediciones. Edad, sexo, antiagregación según ADA, antiagregante indicado, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, eventos cardiovasculares, parámetros clínicos. Resultados. De los sujetos analizados, 56,9% eran varones, con edad media de 67,8 años. El 71,2% de los pacientes estaban en prevención primaria. El 44,4% de los diabéticos estaban adecuadamente antiagregados, según la ADA. Entre los sujetos en prevención secundaria están adecuadamente antiagregados el 90,9%, mientras que solamente lo están el 25,7% de los de prevención primaria, lo que es significativo. Cuando se antiagrega, el ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) es el fármaco más usado. Conclusiones. Una gran proporción de diabéticos en prevención primaria no está adecuadamente antiagregada, según la ADA. Sin embargo existe una correcta antiagregación en los pacientes de prevención secundaria. El beneficio del AAS en la reducción de eventos cardiovasculares está correctamente documentado en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. En cambio, el papel de la antiagregación en diabéticos de prevención primaria es poco conciso y objeto de discusión. Desde 2006 a 2011, la ADA ha modificado el grado de recomendación de antiagregación en prevención primaria, disminuyendo el porcentaje de pacientes susceptibles de recibir tratamiento antiagregante con AAS a medida que aumenta el cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular necesario para la indicación (AU)

Objective. To estimate how many type 2 diabetic patients receive antiplatelet therapy according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines on primary and secondary prevention. Design. A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on information in medical records. A random sample of 170 type 2 diabetics seen in an urban Health Centre was studied. Measurements. The data collected including, age, sex, antiplatelet therapy according to the ADA, antiplatelet therapy indicated, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and other clinical parameters. Results. Of the subjects analysed, 56.9% were males, and the mean age was 67.8 years. The majority of patients (71.2%) were on primary prevention, and 44.4% of the diabetics were receiving adequate antiplatelet therapy according to the ADA. Among the subjects on secondary prevention, 90.9% received adequate antiplatelet therapy, while only 25.7% of those on primary prevention received it, which was significant. The most used antiplatelet drug was acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Conclusions. A large proportion of diabetes on primary prevention does not receive adequate antiplatelet therapy, according to the ADA. However, patients on secondary prevention receive sufficient antiplatelet treatment. The benefits of ASA in reducing cardiovascular disease are well documented in patients with cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the role of antiplatelet therapy in diabetics on primary prevention is not clear and is the subject of discussion. From 2006 to 2011, the ADA has modified the recommendation level of primary prevention antiplatelet therapy, thus decreasing the percentage of patients that may be given antiplatelet therapy with ASA, to the extent that it increases the cardiovascular risk calculation required for its indication (AU)

Tratamiento global de la depresión con duloxetina / Global treatment of depression with duloxetine

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