RESUMO
The stress response of Oncorhynchus mykiss in high-altitude farms in central Mexico was investigated over two seasons: the cool (9·1-13·7° C) dry winter season, and the warmer (14·7-15·9° C), wetter summer season. Fish were subjected to an acute stress test followed by sampling of six physiological variables: blood cortisol, glucose, lactate, total antioxidant capacity, haemoglobin concentration and per cent packed cell volume (VPC %). Multivariate analyses revealed that lactate and total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the summer, when water temperatures were warmer and moderate hypoxia (4·9-5·3 mg l(-1) ) prevailed. In contrast, plasma cortisol was significantly higher in the winter (mean ± s.e.: 76·7 ± 4·0 ng ml(-1) ) when temperatures were cooler and dissolved oxygen levels higher (6·05-7·9 mg l(-1) ), than in the summer (22·7 ± 3·8 ng ml(-1) ). Haemoglobin concentrations (mg dl(-1) ) were not significantly different between seasons, but VPC % was significantly higher in the summer (50%) than in the winter (35%). These results suggest that in summer, effects of high altitude on farmed fish are exacerbated by stresses of high temperatures and hypoxia, resulting in higher blood lactate, increased total antioxidant capacity and elevated VPC % levels.
Assuntos
Altitude , Oncorhynchus mykiss/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Glicemia/química , Hemoglobinas/química , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Hipóxia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , México , Estações do Ano , TemperaturaRESUMO
Perforation of the urinary bladder by an intrauterine device (IUD) is extremely rare. In this report we present a case of ultrasound diagnosis of perforation of the bladder by a Copper-T IUD.
Assuntos
Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispositivos Intrauterinos de Cobre/efeitos adversos , Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Ultrassonografia , Bexiga Urinária/lesões , Perfuração Uterina/etiologiaRESUMO
The lung fluke Paragonimus mexicanus infects opossums in the state of Colima, on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Some of the hydrobiid snails occurring in the same area, and identified as Aroapyrgus alleei Morrison, 1946, were found naturally infected with rediae and cercariae of P. mexicanus. The morphology of A. alleei is here described and compared to that of other species of Aroapyrgus, which are actual or potential hosts of lung flukes in other enzootic or endemic areas in Central and South America.
