Acute cholecystitis: how to avoid subtotal cholecystectomy-preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this manuscript is to illustrate a new method permitting safe cholecystectomy in terms of complications with respect to the common bile duct (CBD). METHODS: The core of this new technique is identification of the continuity of the cystic duct with the infundibulum. The cystic duct can be identified between the inner gallbladder wall and inflamed outer wall. RESULTS: In the last 2 years, from January 2019 until December 2021, 3 patients have been treated with the reported technique without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Among the various cholecystectomy procedures, this is a new approach that ensures the safety of the structures of Calot's triangle while providing the advantages gained from total removal of the gallbladder.

Gut Microbiome in the Progression of NAFLD, NASH and Cirrhosis, and Its Connection with Biotics: A Bibliometric Study Using Dimensions Scientific Research Database.

There is growing evidence that gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), from the initial stage of disease until the progressive stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the final stage of cirrhosis. Conversely, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have shown promise in restoring dysbiosis and lowering clinical indicators of disease in a number of both preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, postbiotics and parabiotics have recently garnered some attention. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to assess recent publishing trends concerning the role of the gut microbiome in the progression of NAFLD, NASH and cirrhosis and its connection with biotics. The free access version of the Dimensions scientific research database was used to find publications in this field from 2002 to 2022. VOSviewer and Dimensions' integrated tools were used to analyze current research trends. Research into the following topics is expected to emerge in this field: (1) evaluation of risk factors which are correlated with the progression of NAFLD, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; (2) pathogenic mechanisms, such as liver inflammation through toll-like receptors activation, or alteration of short-chain fatty acids metabolisms, which contribute to NAFLD development and its progression in more severe forms, such as cirrhosis; (3) therapy for cirrhosis through dysbiosis reduction, and research on hepatic encephalopathy a common consequence of cirrhosis; (4) evaluation of diversity, and composition of gut microbiome under NAFLD, and as it varies under NASH and cirrhosis by rRNA gene sequencing, a tool which can also be used for the development of new probiotics and explore into the impact of biotics on the gut microbiome; (5) treatments to reduce dysbiosis with new probiotics, such as Akkermansia, or with fecal microbiome transplantation.

Survival, development, and gonadal differentiation in Rana dalmatina chronically exposed to chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide among the most widely used in the world, which is suspected to be an endocrine-disrupting compound. To determine the capacity of chlorpyrifos to affect gonadal differentiation in Rana dalmatina, tadpoles were exposed to this pesticide during larval development until completion of metamorphosis at ecologically relevant concentrations (0.025 and 0.05 mg/L). No effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on survival, development, or metamorphosis were observed. After a 1 month metamorphosis, the gonadal phenotype was determined by gross morphology and histological examination. Morphological and histological analysis revealed normal ovaries or testes in froglets belonging to control group, whereas testes from several froglets exposed to chlorpyrifos were interspersed with testicular oocytes in histological sections. Chlorpyrifos exposure during the entire larval period did not affect sex ratio, but reduced the percentage of males with histologically normal testes. The findings suggest that chlorpyrifos exposure has significant effects on gonadal differentiation in some animals by inducing an intersex condition and alterations to testicular morphology, and that R. dalmatina is sensitive to endocrine disruption. Thereby, this study provides evidence that the ecologically relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos, although not adversely affect the survival, development, or metamorphosis, may interfere with sex differentiation and reproductive development of R. dalmatina via endocrine-disrupting mechanisms.

Enological characterization of natural hybrids from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii.

The effect of yeasts on wine flavor response is of primary importance. The genus Saccharomyces, and mainly the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is responsible for alcoholic fermentation. Recently, several novel yeast isolates from wines have been described as hybrid yeasts between S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii. We have analyzed their influence on two grape musts (Macabeo and Tempranillo) in fermentations conducted at four different temperatures (14, 18, 22 and 32 degrees C) by studying volatile compound production, sugar assimilation and other characteristics influencing the enological properties of wine caused by the impact of yeast. Hybrid yeasts behave particularly well at 14, 18 and 22 degrees C and the commercial strain of S. cerevisiae (T73) is better adapted at higher temperatures. Regarding the production of glycerol, acetic acid and malic acid, the hybrids display moderate behavior and concerning aromatic compound production, they are greater producers of higher alcohols. The behavior displayed by these hybrids in the fermentations studied in this work leads us to conclude that the use of hybrid strains can constitute an advantage in wine making.