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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(2): 626-631, jun. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-755520

RESUMO

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) is a clinical entity that has been recognized in recent years as a frequent cause of pain and the early development of hip arthrosis. Subspine hip impingement is characterized by the prominent or abnormal morphology of the anteroinferior iliac spine (AIIS), which contributes to the development of a clinical picture that is similar to FAI. The aims of this study were to propose a new morphological classification of the AIIS, to determine the prevalence of the different AIIS morphologies based on this classification and to correlate the presence of said morphologies with different gender and age groups. The sample consisted of 458 hemipelvises from individuals of known age and sex (264 men and 194 women). Each specimen was analyzed to determine the prevalence of each of the different morphologies of the AIIS based on the classification proposed as Type 1: the presence of a concave surface between the AIIS and the acetabular rim; Type 2A: the presence of a flat surface between the AIIS and the acetabular rim; Type 2B the presence of a convex surface between the AIIS and the acetabular rim; and Type 3: the AIIS protrudes inferiorly toward the anterior acetabulum. A prevalence of 69.87% was determined for Type 1 AIIS (320/458). In regard to abnormal morphology, prevalences of 17.90% (82/458), 3.71% (17/458) and 8.52% (39/458) were determined for type 2A, Type 2B and Type 3, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal AIIS morphology was 30.30% (80/264) in male specimens and 29.90% (58/194) in female specimens. This study demonstrates the prevalence of the different morphologies of the AIIS, providing information that will be useful in determining the role of the AIIS in the emergence of subspine hip impingement.


El Síndrome de Pinzamiento Femoroacetabular (PFA) es una entidad clínica reconocida en los últimos años como una causa de dolor y desarrollo de artrosis temprana de cadera. El pinzamiento subespinoso de la cadera se caracteriza por una espina iliaca anteroinferior (EIAI) prominente o con una morfología anormal, lo que contribuye al desarrollo de un cuadro clínico similar al PFA. El objetivo fue proponer una nueva clasificación morfológica de la EIAI y determinar las prevalencias de las distintas morfologías de la EIAI en base a la misma y correlacionarla con los distintos sexos y grupos de edad. La muestra consistió en un total de 458 hemipelvis, de sexo y edad conocidos (264 hombres y 194 mujeres). Cada pieza fue analizada para determinar la prevalencia de variaciones morfológicas de la EIAI en base a la clasificación propuesta. Tipo 1: presencia de una superficie cóncava entre la EIAI y reborde acetabular, Tipo 2A: presencia de una superficie plana entre la EIAI y el reborde acetabular, Tipo 2B: presencia de una superficie convexa entre la EIAI y el reborde acetabular y Tipo 3: la EIAI protruye hacia el acetábulo anterior o inferiormente. Se determinó una prevalencia de 69,87% para la EIAI Tipo 1 (320/458). En cuanto a las morfologías anormales, se determinó una prevalencia de 17,90% (82/458), 3,71% (17/458) y 8,52% (39/459) para los Tipos 2A, 2B y 3, respectivamente. La prevalencia de una morfología anormal en las EIAI de especímenes del sexo masculino fue de 30,30% (80/264) y en el sexo femenino 29,90% (58/194). Se evidencia la prevalencia de las diferentes morfologías que puede tener la EIAI; esta información será de ayuda para determinar el papel de la EIAI en la aparición del pinzamiento subespinoso de la cadera.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Impacto Femoroacetabular , Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Ílio/anatomia & histologia , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Estudos Transversais
2.
J Neurol ; 260(4): 1004-8, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23135292

RESUMO

The study aimed to investigate the volume of the olfactory bulb (OB) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Specifically, we wanted to see whether the olfactory deficit typically found in TLE patients also exerts a top-down influence on the OB. Twenty patients, and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent olfactory testing by means of the Sniffin' Sticks testing device (measurement of odor threshold, and identification abilities). In addition, they underwent an MR scan with 2-mm-thick T2-weighted fast spin-echo images without interslice gap in the coronal plane covering the anterior and middle segments of the base of the skull. Olfactory function was significantly impaired in TLE patients compared to healthy controls both at threshold level and for odor identification (p < 0.001); in addition, OB volumes were smaller than in controls (p = 0.013). The deficit seen at the level of the OB did not correlate with the side of the epileptic focus. Assuming that the olfactory deficit in TLE patients is due to the central nervous epileptic focus it appears that the OB volume is not only subject to changes in the periphery of the olfactory system, but also changes as a consequence to changes at a cortical level.


Assuntos
Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/complicações , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/patologia , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Odorantes , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Tamanho do Órgão , Psicofísica , Olfato/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
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