Appendiceal hernia: an extremely rare condition.

Appendix-associated hernias are extremely rare. They have been described sporadically in the literature, mostly as inguinal hernias. Appendix-associated incisional hernias are even more unusual. High clinical awareness is needed as complications can arise if misdiagnosis or delay occurs. We present an 80-year-old man with acute appendicitis in an incisional hernia. After successful surgery, the patient made a full recovery.

Administración y preparación de antimicrobianos en una unidad chilena de cuidados neonatales / Preparation and dispensing of antimicrobials in a Chilean neonatal care unit / Administração e preparação de antimicrobianos em uma unidade chilena de cuidados neonatais

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la preparación, administración y monitorización de los antimicrobianos utilizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Neonatales en Santiago de Chile. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Se realizó la aplicación de un instrumento a 20 matronas de neonatología de una Unidad Chilena de Cuidados Neonatales (UCHCN) en 2018, para recopilar información respecto a once variables en la preparación y administración de antimicrobianos. El estudio abarcó tres variables principales: preparación, mantención y monitorización de los antimicrobianos. Resultados: Se recopiló información de 14 antimicrobianos, de los cuales la presentación del 92.8% de ellos era inyectable y el 78.2% de los encuestados reconocía el valor de la unidad de dosificación del medicamento. Mantención 85.7% de los antimicrobianos son eliminados luego de su preparación. Para dilución se utiliza mayormente la solución fisiológica en un 76.9% de los casos y el volumen utilizado de diluyente y concentración final varió según cada medicamento. Un 92.8% de los antimicrobianos se administra por vía endovenosa y todos a través de una bomba de jeringa. Monitorización específica de la administración sólo se realiza en un 7.2% de ellos. Conclusiones: Debido a las variabilidades encontradas en los procesos de mantención, dilución y monitorización es que se propone la creación o el mejoramiento y difusión de protocolos locales, para evitar efectos adversos o complicaciones y así resguardar la seguridad de los pacientes.

Abstract Objetive: To describe the preparation, dispensing, and monitoring of antimicrobials used in a Neonatal Care Unit in Santiago de Chile. Methods: This is a descriptive study. An assessment instrument was administered to 20 midwives laboring in a Chilean Neonatal Care Unit during 2018 in order to gather information on 11 variables related to the preparation, dispensing, and monitoring of antimicrobials. Results: Information was gathered on 14 antimicrobials; 92.8% of these were injectable. 78.2% of the surveyed personnel recognized the value of the drug dosification unit. 85.7% of antimicrobials were eliminated after their preparation. Regarding the dilution, in 76.9% of the cases saline solution was used with diverse concentrations. A close monitoring of the drug administration was followed only in 7.2% of the cases. Conclusions: Due to the variability found in the processes of preservation, dilution, and monitoring of antimicrobials in this Neonatal Care Unit, an implementation of a local protocol to improve the procedures and avoid adverse events or complications is proposed.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a preparação, administração e monitorização dos antimicrobianos utilizados em uma Unidade de Cuidados Neonatais em Santiago de Chile. Métodos: Estudo descritivo. Realizou-se a aplicação de um instrumento a 20 parteiras de neonatologia de uma Unidade Chilena de Cuidados Neonatais (UCHCN) em 2018, para recopilar informação ao respeito de onze variáveis na preparação e administração de antimicrobianos. O estudo abrangeu três variáveis principais: preparação, manutenção e monitorização dos antimicrobianos. Resultados: Recopilou-se informação de 14 antimicrobianos, dos quais a apresentação do 92.8% deles era injetável e o 78.2% dos inquiridos reconhecia o valor da unidade de dosagem do medicamento. Manutenção 85.7% dos antimicrobianos são eliminados depois de sua preparação. Para diluição utiliza-se maiormente a solução fisiológica em um 76.9% dos casos e o volume utilizado de diluente e concentração final variou segundo cada medicamento. Um 92.8% dos antimicrobianos administra-se por via endovenosa e todos através de uma bomba de seringa. Monitoramento específica da administração só se realiza em um 7.2% deles. Conclusões: Devido às variabilidades encontradas nos processos de manutenção, diluição e monitoramento, é que se propõe a criação ou a melhoria e difusão de protocolos locais, para evitar efeitos adversos ou complicações e assim resguardar a segurança dos pacientes.

[Patients' competences and health literacy assessment questionnaire]. / Valoración de las competencias en salud de los pacientes: Instrumento VACS.

OBJECTIVE: To design a questionnaire to identify patients with difficulties to obtain, understand and use health information. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Qualitative study through semi-structured interviews and a consensus technique. A review of the literature on health literacy was carried out. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in the field. A 12-item instrument was designed. Content validity was determined using the Health Consensus technique. Participants were health professionals and patient representatives (5 semi-structured interviews and 60 Health Consensus). An instrument to measure the level of skills and literacy in patients' health was developed. The measures were 7categories on the health competencies and literacy construct: Ability to search for information, ability to understand the information, ability to communicate with health professionals, capacity for operational understanding, competence in decision making, ability to move and navigate through the health system, and competencies in self-care. RESULTS: A 12-item questionnaire was designed. The median scores obtained in the Health Consensus ranged between 6.08 (1.43) and 7.22 (1.52), with an agreement level of between 73.87% to 84.19%. Finally, a 5-item instrument was obtained to assess the patients' health competencies. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire is a useful tool to detect those at risk of having difficulties in obtaining, understanding and using health information. This would allow professionals to focus their attention on the type of information patients need and better adapt it to their needs.

Ethical conflicts in nursing care in the prison context.

OBJECTIVE: The general objective of the study is to gather the corresponding evidence with the ethical conflicts that may affect penitentiary nurses. METHODS: The methodology used consists methodology used consists in a systematic review of narrative analysis in the mayor data-bases by means of an applied search strategy and critical appraisal skills programme español (CASPe). RESULTS: A total of 167 studies published between 1998 and 2017 were identified, of which 60 met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: The main conclusion is the need for research on the ethical problems related to the treatment of prisoners and on the search for the benefits of the inmates. In addition to the need for a training in ethics for the prison professionals, the identification of the real health-care needs of the prison population, and the collaboration between the prison assistance and the health system.

Conflictos éticos en la atención de enfermería en el contexto penitenciario / Ethical conflicts in nursing care in the prison context

Objetivo: El objetivo general del estudio es reunir la evidencia correspondiente a los conflictos éticos que pueden afectar al cuidado y al rol de las enfermeras penitenciarias. Métodos: La metodología utilizada ha consistido en una revisión sistemática de análisis narrativo de las principales bases de datos mediante una estrategia de búsqueda aplicada y el programa de habilidades en lectura crítica español (CASPe, critical appraisal skills programme español). Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 167 estudios publicados entre 1998 y 2017, de los cuales 60 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: Como conclusión principal destaca la necesidad de investigación en los problemas éticos relacionados con los tratamientos de los presos y sobre la búsqueda de beneficios de los reclusos. De manera adicional, se observa la necesidad de una formación ética de los profesionales penitenciarios, la identificación de las necesidades reales de salud de la población reclusa o la colaboración entre la asistencia penitenciaria y el sistema sanitario

Objective: The general objective of the study is to gather the corresponding evidence with the ethical conflicts that may affect penitentiary nurses. Methods: The methodology used consists methodology used consists in a systematic review of narrative analysis in the mayor data-bases by means of an applied search strategy and critical appraisal skills programme español (CASPe). Results: A total of 167 studies published between 1998 and 2017 were identified, of which 60 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The main conclusion is the need for research on the ethical problems related to the treatment of prisoners and on the search for the benefits of the inmates. In addition to the need for a training in ethics for the prison professionals, the identification of the real health-care needs of the prison population, and the collaboration between the prison assistance and the health system

Reproductive biology of alfonsino Beryx splendens.

The main aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis of the reproductive cycle of Beryx splendens in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. The gonadosomatic index (I(G)) and maturity ogives in both sexes were estimated using an extensive database collected by onboard scientific observers between January 2006 and October 2009. A histological analysis of maturation was also completed for females collected between May and December 2001. Variations in both I(G) and proportion of mature individuals were observed in fish with a fork length (L(F)) >37 cm for females and >33 cm for males. The main reproductive season was in the austral winter and spring (June to November). Fork length at 50% maturity (L(50)) was estimated as 39·67 cm for females (95% c.i. =39·34, 40·02 cm) and 36·88 cm for males (95% c.i. =36·45, 37·36 cm) using macroscopic analysis of gonads. Estimates for females using histological data varied slightly with an estimated L(50) of 43·67 cm (95% c.i. =42·82, 44·91 cm). Changes in I(G) and maturity were modelled as a function of month and L(F) within a generalized additive model framework. A high porportion of immature individuals were found throughout the year. The results of this study are compared with reproductive traits reported for B. splendens in other areas of its distribution and are discussed with reference to exploitation, vulnerability and conservation of the B. splendens stock in Juan Fernández Archipelago.

Elaboration, characterization, and stability study of a sunscreen emulsion for use as a towelette application in pediatric photoprotection.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that as much as 80% of the solar radiation that an adult receives throughout his/her life is received during the first 18 years (1). Skin protection against harmful solar radiation during this early stage of life is therefore a highly important factor in the prevention of future skin-related diseases. In this respect, recent developments in pediatric dermatology and cosmetic technology have led to remarkable improvements in child skin protection products. However, in spite of these scientific breakthroughs, many currently available commercial sunscreen formulations have not been well received by the general public, due to inadequate sensory properties, chemical instability, undesirable side effects, and low effectiveness. These disadvantages are not only attributable to the formulations themselves, active principle, and excipients, but also, to a large extent, galenic aspects. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize a sunscreen emulsion for pediatric use, using a towelette as vehicle, to overcome problems of ineffectiveness and formulation instability, and to improve skin-sensory properties. The composition of the towelette, the emulsion, and the presentation format were selected on the basis of the differences between children's and adult skin. In order to evaluate the chemical stability of the formulation, a study of the organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological, and rheological characteristics was carried out at 4°, 25°, and 40°C over a period of 30 days. Tests were performed on both the sunscreen emulsion only and the same formulation impregnated within a towel, to test the influence the towel may have on the stability of the emulsion.

[Effectiveness and tolerability of zoledronic acid in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer]. / Efectividad y tolerabilidad del acido zoledrónico en el tratamiento del cancer de próstata metastásico.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of zoledronic acid in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at the hormone-sensitive (HS) and hormone-independent (HI) stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nationwide, observational, prospective, open and multi-centre trial was devised, with a total of 218 male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the HS stage (36%) or HI stage (64%) who were administered zoledronic acid (4 mg/IV/month for 6 months) in addition to their specific oncological treatment. Effectiveness was assessed by the following means: 1) Assessment of the improvement in pain and mobility; 2) Incidence and time to onset of skeletal-related events (SREs) and 3) Analysis of bone markers. Tolerability was assessed by means of registering the number and type of adverse effects. A satisfaction survey was carried out amongst the patients after the end of the trial. RESULTS: Out of the 218 patients, 170 (78%) were evaluable for effectiveness. A decrease in pain ratings at rest and during movement was observed in all patients, whether in the HS or HI groups (p < 0.0001). Improved mobility was observed likewise (p = 0.005), as was quality of life. The global incidence of skeletal events was 11.2%, with a time to onset of SREs of 10.7 months. There were no significant differences observed between HS vs. HI patients. Osteolysis markers (N-telopeptide) decreased significantly with the treatment across both the HS and HI groups. For safety reasons. 212 patients were evaluable (97.2%). The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 16% (34/212) and was found to be significantly higher in HS patients (22.4%) compared with HI patients (11.9%). Overall, the tolerability of zoledronic acid was good, with no significant morbidity in either group (HS and HI). 66% of the patients reported feeling satisfied or very satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: Zoledronic acid proved effective in the relief of pain, improving mobility and quality of life as well as reducing or delaying the occurrence of skeletal-related events in prostate cancer patients presenting metastatic bone disease, regardless of the phase, whether HS or HI, they found themselves in. Tolerability and patient satisfaction were rates as good.

Efectividad y tolerabilidad del ácido zoledrónico en el tratamiento del cancer de próstata metastásico / Effectiveness and tolerability oz zoledronic acid in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer

Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad y tolerabilidad del ácido zoledrónico en pacientes con cáncer de próstata y metástasis óseas en fase hormono sensible (HS) y hormono independiente (HI). Material y Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de ámbito nacional, observacional, prospectivo, abierto, y multicéntrico, Se incluyeron un total de 218 varones diagnosticados de cáncer de próstata en fase HS (36%) o HI (64%) que recibieron, además del tratamiento oncológico específico, ácido zoledrónico (4 mg/IV/mes durante 6 meses). Se evaluó la efectividad mediante: 1) Evaluación de la mejoría del dolor y movilidad; 2) Incidencia y tiempo de aparición de eventos esqueléticos (TEE); y 3) Análisis de marcadores óseos. La tolerabilidad se estudió registrando el número y tipo de efectos adversos. Se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción al paciente tras finalizar el tratamiento. Resultados: De los 218 pacientes, 170 (78%) fueron evaluables para efectividad. En todos ellos, ya fueran del grupo HS o HI, se observó una disminución de la puntuación del dolor en reposo y en movimiento (p<0,0001), una mejora en la movilidad (p=0,005), y en la calidad de vida. La incidencia global de eventos esqueléticos fue del 11,2%, con un TEE de 10,7 meses. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los pacientes HS respecto a los HI. Los marcadores de osteolisis (N-telopéptido) descendieron significativamente con el tratamiento, tanto en los HS como HI. Para seguridad fueron evaluables 212 pacientes (97,2%). La incidencia de las reacciones adversas fue del 16% (34/212), siendo significativamente mayor en los pacientes HS (22,4%) con respecto a los HI (11,9%). Globalmente la tolerabilidad al ácido zoledrónico fue buena, sin morbilidad significativa entre ambos grupos (HS y HI).Un 66% de los pacientes contestaron sentirse satisfechos o muy satisfechos. Conclusiones: El ácido zoledrónico se mostró eficaz para aliviar el dolor, mejorar la movilidad y aumentar la calidad de vida y reducir o retrasarlos eventos esqueléticos en los pacientes con cáncer de próstata con enfermedad ósea metastásica sintomática, independientemente de la fase, HSo HI en que se encuentren. La tolerabilidad y la satisfacción de los pacientes fue buena (AU)

Objetives: To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of zoledronic acid in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at the hormone-sensitive (HS) and hormone-independent (HI) stages. Materials and Methods: A nationwide, observational, prospective, open and multi-centre trial was devised, with a total of 218 male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the HS stage (36%) or HI stage (64%) who were administered zoledronic acid (4 mg/IV/month for 6 months) in addition to their specific oncological treatment. Effectiveness was assessed by the following means: 1) Assessment of the improvement in pain and mobility; 2) Incidence and time to onset of skeletal-related events (SREs) and 3) Analysis of bone markers. Tolerability was assessed by means of registering the number and type of adverse effects. A satisfaction survey was carried out amongst the patients after the end of the trial. Results: Out of the 218 patients, 170 (78%) were evaluable for effectiveness. A decrease in pain ratings at rest and during movement was observed in all patients, whether in the HS or HI groups (p<0,0001). Improved mobility was observed likewise (p=0,005), as was quality of life. The global incidence of skeletal events was 11.2%, with a time to onset of SREs of 10.7 months. There were no significant differences observed between HS vs. HI patients. Osteolysis markers (N-telopeptide) decreased significantly with the treatment across both the HS and HI groups. For safety reasons, 212 patients were evaluable (97.2%). The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 16% (34/212) and was found to be significantly higher in HS patients (22.4%) compared with HI patients (11.9%). Overall, the tolerability of zoledronic acid was good, with no significant morbidity in either group (HS and HI). 66% of the patients reported feeling satisfied or very satisfied. Conclusions: Zoledronic acid proved effective in the relief of pain, improving mobility and quality of life as well as reducing or delaying the occurrence of skeletal-related events in prostate cancer patients presenting metastatic bone disease, regardless of the phase, whether HS or HI, they found themselves in. Tolerability and patient satisfaction were rates as good (AU)

[Cell energetic loading in experimental renal transplant with different periods of warm ischemia]. / Estudio de la carga energética celular en el trasplante renal experimental con diferentes periodos de isquemia caliente (0-30-45 y 90').

INTRODUCTION AND GOALS: Renal procurement after a period of heart st op demands a previous knowledge of ischemia-reperfusion injuries means. To study cell injury mechanisms an experimental study has been designed in pigs, with different rangres of warm ischemia (0-30-45 and 90 min). The main goal was to research on the basis of ischemic injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biochemical parameters (creatinine, urine output), energetic loading (ATP, ADP, AMP and global energetic loading) and pathological studies as long as survival analysis by 5th day were completed. RESULTS: Animal survival and graft viability range from 100% at 5th day in control and 30 min warm ischemia groups to 60% in 90 min warm ischemia group. Creatinine levels rises at 1st, 3rd and 5th day, especially in those non-viable organs. ATP levels decrease after warm ischemia period, increases ADP and AMP levels after reperfusion in those viable organs. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged periods of warm ischemia do not result necessarily in non-viable kidneys. Viable organs recover nucleotide levels early. Study of energetic cell loading levels is a good way to get on better in the knowledge of injury mechanisms after ischemia-reperfusion.

Estudio de la carga energética celular en el trasplante renal experimental con diferentes periodos de isquemia caliente (0-30-45 y 90’) / Cell energetic loading in experimental renal transplant unit diferent periods of warm ischemia

Introducción: La posibilidad de obtener órganos para Trasplante Renal, tras un período de parada cardio-circulatoria, exige un conocimiento previo del mecanismo de lesión por isquemia-reperfusión. Para poder estudiar el mecanismo de lesión celular por isquemia caliente en Trasplante Renal se ha diseñado un estudio experimental en cerdos, con tiempos variables (0-30-45 y 90’ de isquemia caliente) con la finalidad de conocer el mecanismo celular de dicha lesión isquémica. La determinación de parámetros bioquímicos (creatinina y diuresis), carga energética (ATP, ADP, AMP y carga energética global) y estudio histológico, así como análisis de supervivencia del animal e injerto al 5º día. Resultados: - La supervivencia de los animales a los 5 días ha sido del 100% (en los grupos control y 30’ de isquemia caliente), 90% (en los 45’) y 60% (en los 90’). - La viabilidad del injerto ha sido 100% (grupo control), 80% (isquemia 30’), 80% (isquemia 45’) y 60% (90’). - Los niveles de creatinina aumentan al 1er, 3er y 5º día sobre todo en los riñones no viables con diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto al grupo control. - Los niveles de ATP decrecen tras el período de isquemia caliente, aumentan los niveles de ADP y AMP y se recuperan en los riñones viables después de la reperfusión del injerto. Conclusiones: El tiempo de isquemia caliente influye en la supervivencia del animal y del injerto, pero órganos con elevados períodos de isquemia caliente (90’) pueden ser viables. La carga energética celular se deteriorará con los períodos de isquemia caliente y fría, recuperando los niveles de nucleótidos y carga energética global los riñones viables. Los riñones con períodos de isquemia caliente breve recuperan antes los niveles de carga energética. El estudio de niveles de carga energética celular ha demostrado ser un buen método para conocer el mecanismo de lesión celular isquémica (dentro del mecanismo de lesión de isquemia-reperfusión) en Trasplante Renal Experimental

Introduction and goals: Renal procurement after a period of heart stop demands a previous knowledge of ischemia-reperfusion injuries means. To study cell injury mechanisms an experimental study has been designed in pigs, with different rangres of warm ischemia (0-30-45 and 90 min). The main goal was to research on the basis of ischemic injury. Material and methods: Biochemical parameters (creatinine, urine output), energetic loading (ATP, ADP, AMP and global energetic loading) and pathological studies as long as survival analysis by 5th day were completed. Results: Animal survival and graft viability range from 100% at 5th day in control and 30 min warm ischemia groups to 60% in 90 min warm ischemia group. Creatinine levels rises at 1st, 3rd and 5th day, especially in those non-viable organs. ATP levels decrease after warm ischemia period, increases ADP and AMP levels after reperfusion in those viable organs. Conclusions. Prolonged periods of warm ischemia do not result necessarily in non-viable kidneys. Viable organs recover nucleotide levels early. Study of energetic cell loading levels is a good way to get on better in the knowledge of injury mechanisms after ischemiareperfusion

Magnesium-selective test strip.

A selective test strip based on an ion-exchange mechanism to determine magnesium is described. This optical and reversible test strip, made on a transparent polyester sheet, has a circular polymeric film of plasticised PVC that contains all of the reagents necessary to produce a response to magnesium, namely, a cation-selective neutral ionophore, 2-amino-N,N'-diheptyl-N,N'-dimethyl-butanediamide, a chromoionophore, N,N-diethyl-5-(octadecanoylimino)-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine-9-amine, and potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB) as a lipophilic salt, which is evaluated by absorbance measurement at 655nm in a standard photometer. The experimental variables that influence test strip response, especially in terms of selectivity and response time, have been studied. The test strip responded linearly to magnesium between 0.009 and 160mM in activities. The reproducibility intermembrane at a medium level of the range was 8.0%, as R.S.D., of [Formula: see text] , and 5.9% as R.S.D. intramembrane. The procedure was applied to the determination of magnesium in different types of waters (tap, well and mineral) validating the results against a reference procedure. This proposed method is quick, inexpensive, selective and sensitive and uses only conventional instrumentation.

Calcium selective test strip for water and milk.

We have developed a selective and reversible test strip based on an ion-exchange mechanism to determine calcium. The optical test strip contains a polymeric film of plasticised PVC that contains all of the reagents necessary to produce a response to calcium, among them the new ionophore, 4,13-bis[(N-adamantylcarbamoyl)propionyl]-1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazacyclooctadecane. The measurement of the absorbance at 655 nm in a standard photometer makes it possible to determine calcium activities. The composition of the membrane and reaction conditions have been adjusted to obtain adequate selectivity. The test strip responded linearly to calcium between 0.050 and 135 mM in activities. The reproducibility intermembrane at a medium level of the range was 6.2%, as RSD, of log a(Mg(2+)), and 3.4% as RSD intramembrane. The procedure was applied to the determination of calcium ion in different types of waters (tap, well, spring and mineral) and milks (whole, skimmed, skimmed with calcium added, special types) validating the results against a reference procedure.

Frecuencia de hidatidosis en los principales centros quirúrgicos de Santiago de Chile: comparación con notificación al Ministerio de Salud 1988-1997 / Frecuency of hydatidosis in the main surgical centers of Santiago, Chile: comparison with notification to Ministerio de Salud 1988-1997

La hidatidosis es una zoonosis parasitaria caracterizada por la presencia de herbívoros y en el hombre, de quistes pseudotumorales con larvas del céstodo echinococcus granulosus. En Chile es, desde 1951, una enfermedad de notificación obligatoria, con al menos 600 a 800 casos nuevos por año. El trabajo pretende analizar la frecuencia de esta zoonosis en algunos centros quirúrgicos de Santiago, entre 1988 y 1997 y confrontarla con los datos notificados al MInisterio de Salud, evaluando así la confiabilidad de este registro. Se reunieron los datos obtenidos en los Servicios de Estadística y los servicios de cirugía de los 14 hospitales públicos de Santiago desde enero de 1988 hasta diciembre de 1997. Se encontró un total de 1467 casos en el período de 10 años de estudio, con un número de casos anuales de entre 120 a 169. La relación entre los casos reunidos en nuestro estudio y los casos notificados muestran una clara diferencia que fluctúa entre 3,5:1 y 7,5:1 según el año. Se observó en todos los caños revisados, una significativa subnotificación que da una imagen incorrecta de la importancia e impacto real de la hidatidosis en nuestro medio, situación que se podría extrapolar a todo el país, influyendo en la asignación de recursos y la implementación de programas de prevención

Conocimientos sobre el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida en adolescentes tempranos, escolares de ciclo básico de colegios del área sur-poniente de Santiago de Chile, 1998 / Knowledge about AIDS in young adolescents assisting at basic schools from south-west Santiago, 1998

Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta destinada a orientar la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable, frente al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA). Para ello se encuestaron en diciembre de 1988, con consentimiento previo y debidamente informado de padres y directivos, 636 adolescentes tempranos escolares, selecionando al azar, en 3 grupos de colegios: subvencionados (S), municipalizados (M) y particulares (P) de ciclo básico, de la Región Metropolitana, para determinar su grado de conocimiento sobre SIDA. En el análisis de los resultados se usó la prueba de Z, (p<0,05), comparando los porcentajes de respuestas correctas por sexo y colegio. Las niñas (44 por ciento) y los niños (56 por ciento) tuvieron un promedio de edad de 11,4 años, que fue similar en los tres grupos. Los resultados están extensamente presentado y detallados en el texto y, en términos generales avalan la necesidad de reforzar los esfuerzos educativos con claro enfoque preventivo, tanto en niños como niñas adolescentes precoces. Estos esfuerzos deben apoyarse y complementar los valores culturales trasmitidos por la familia y en especial por las madres