Analysis of the capsular bend in posterior capsular opacification using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE: To investigate the link between the capsular bend and the morphological types and characteristics of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Thirty eyes with PCO were examined, and three types of PCO were identified: pearl, fibrosis, and mixed. We assessed anterior capsular overlap, intraocular lens-capsule adhesion, and capsular bending. In addition to measuring the intraocular lens-posterior capsule distance and capsule bending angle (CBA), the PCO parameters (area, density, and score at 6-, 5-, and 3-mm intraocular lens optic regions) were recorded. The associations between capsular bend and PCO type and characteristics were investigated. A control group of 12 eyes without PCO was used to compare the study variables. RESULTS: With p values greater than 0.001, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean PCO area and score at the 6-, 5-, and 3-mm optic zones in different PCO types, with the pearl type having the highest value, followed by the mixed type, and finally the fibrosis type. The PCO group had a significantly higher mean CBA than the control group (P = 0.001). CBA was positively related to intraocular lens-posterior capsule distance, PCO area, and PCO score at the 6-, 5-, and 3-mm zones (P = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve's cut-off point for CBA was 96.85° when comparing PCO cases to controls. Partial overlap and incomplete adhesion were statistically more common in the PCO eyes than in the control (P = 0.001, 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: PCO types and CBA have a strong relationship with PCO score and intraocular lens-posterior capsule space. In PCO's eyes, CBA has a cut-off value of 96.85°.

Diabetic retinopathy and its relation to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of the proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, results in hyperglycemia. Abnormalities in the function of insulin on target cells, its release from beta cells, or both may contribute to DM. The purpose of this research was to assess the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and biochemical parameters. The study included 44 normal control subjects, 44 diabetic participants, who were separated into four groups based on their diabetes status and the results of fundoscopic examination. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure the levels of BDNF in the serum. The analysis revealed that diabetics had significantly lower serum BDNF levels than non-diabetics (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant reduction in BDNF levels with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in comparison with diabetics without DR (p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum BDNF levels decreased significantly in diabetics with and without DR compared to apparently healthy individuals, as well as with the progression of DR.