RESUMO
We assessed cutaneous ethanol (ETOH) and isopropanol (ISOP) absorption after intensive (30 times per h) use of alcohol-based hand-rub solutions by healthcare workers (HCWs). ETOH was detectable in the breath of 6/20 HCWs (0.001 to 0.0025%) at 1 to 2 min postexposure and in the serum of 2/20 HCWs at 5 to 7 min postexposure. Serum ISOP levels were unrecordable at all time points.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/sangue , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacocinética , Etanol/sangue , Etanol/farmacocinética , 2-Propanol/farmacocinética , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Cromatografia Gasosa , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Absorção CutâneaRESUMO
Toxic and essential trace metals were measured in muscle, bone, liver and kidney of bovine grazing on the municipal wastewater spreading field of Marrakech City (Morocco). Bovines were found to be seriously contaminated by toxic metals, for metal bioaccumulation. The high cadmium content seemed to contribute to a reduction in zinc and copper levels. The arithmetic mean concentrations of zinc, especially cadmium, and levels were higher in liver and kidney, specific target organs copper and cadmium in liver and kidney, were respectively: 126, 112 and 5.1 microg/g in liver; 89, 33 and 10.3 microg/g in kidney.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/farmacocinética , Metais Pesados/farmacocinética , Oligoelementos/farmacocinética , Animais , Bovinos , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Rim/química , Fígado/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Marrocos , Músculo Esquelético/química , Poaceae , Distribuição Tecidual , Oligoelementos/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos LíquidosRESUMO
The use of traditional cosmetics and remedies such as kohl and henna is very common in Morocco, especially among women, children and babies. Kohl is a dangerous eye cosmetic. It is usually mixed with other harmful substances, then applied on women's eyebrows and used in skin treatments for infants. Henna is another traditional product, with religious associations, which has been widely used over the centuries for cosmetic and medical purposes. Many people add various herbs or other substances to the henna in order to strengthen it or to give it a stronger colour. Our results were reassuring in that the concentrations of lead found in non-elaborate (henna only) samples of henna were low. However, when henna was mixed with other products (elaborate henna), these concentrations increased. Lead concentrations in kohl were very high however, unlike henna, were lower in mixed kohl as mixing with other products diluted the concentration of lead. Nevertheless, in both types of kohl, lead concentrations were very high and consequently constitute a risk for public health, particularly for children.
