Rapid Emergency Department Physical Space Modifications for COVID-19: Keeping Patients and Health Care Workers Safe.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on emergency departments (EDs) that were not designed to care for many patients who may be highly contagious. This report outlines how a busy urban ED was adapted to prepare for COVID-19 via 3 primary interventions: (1) creating an open-air care space in the ambulance bay to cohort, triage, and rapidly test patients with suspected COVID-19, (2) quickly constructing temporary doors on all open treatment rooms, and (3) adapting and expanding the waiting room. This description serves as a model by which other EDs can repurpose their own care spaces to help ensure safety of their patients and health care workers.

Do bites of kissing bugs cause unexplained allergies? Results from a survey in triatomine-exposed and unexposed areas in southern california.

BACKGROUND: The bite of Triatominae can cause cutaneous allergic reactions and even anaphylaxis. Since the early 1980s, no population-based surveys have been done in Southern California, and none was ever carried out in inland Los Angeles or Riverside Counties. OBJECTIVES: To measure the frequency of insect sightings, bites and allergic reactions in a suburban area of eastern Los Angeles County and along with rural and urban sites in Riverside County. METHODS: A door-to-door survey was done in triatomine exposed and unexposed areas. Logistic regression modeling was used for the analysis, and study participants were asked to collect insects. RESULTS: Out of the 221 study participants in the exposed areas, 46 (20%) knew about the presence of Triatominae in their neighborhood. Fifteen (7%) persons reported triatomine sightings in their house during the month preceding the interview. Also, 15 (7%) participants reported ever being bitten by a triatomine. Ten (5%) participants collected either a Triatoma protracta Uhler and/or Paratriatoma hirsuta Barber in and around their house. Twenty-nine (13%) persons in the rural Riverside County reported symptoms compatible with allergy to triatomine bites. This was 4 times higher than in the urban control area where only 4 (3%) of 115 persons reported these symptoms. The association between living in a triatomine-exposed area and self-reported symptoms suggestive of allergies increased slightly when adjusted for the participant's sex and the age of their house (adjusted odds ratio: 5.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 22.0). Reporting these symptoms was associated with seeing Triatominae in the neighborhood and having been bitten. CONCLUSION: Allergies to triatomine bites could be a significant problem in inland Southern California. Further investigations, a diagnostic test and better information of persons living in triatomine-exposed areas are needed.

Studies on polynuclear furoquinones. Part 1: synthesis of tri- and tetra-cyclic furoquinones simulating BCD/ABCD ring system of furoquinone diterpenoids.

Synthesis of phenanthro[1,2-b]furan-10,11-dione, the core nucleus present in Tanshinone-I is described in 8-10 steps starting from 2-bromo-3,4-dihydro-1-naphthaldehyde. The bromoaldehyde was converted to methyl 2-(2-bromo-1-naphthyl)acetate or 2-(2-bromo-1-naphthyl)acetonitrile following the protocol of functional group transformations. Subsequent Suzuki coupling of this ester/nitrile derivative with furan-2-boronic acid produced [2-(2-furyl)-1-naphthyl]acetic ester/nitrile which on hydrolysis furnished the corresponding acid derivative. Cyclization of the acid followed by oxidation of the phenol, with Fremy's salt, produced the tetra-cyclic furoquinone, phenanthro[1,2-b]furan-10,11-dione. This method has also been extended for the synthesis of the tricyclic furoquinone, naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione.