Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new calcium-based cement (Biodentine) compared to MTA and glass ionomer cement.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of calcium-based cement, Biodentine (Ca3SiO2), compared to commercial glass ionomer cements (GICs) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pellets of GICs, ProRoot MTA, and Biodentine were prepared to test the influence of these cements on the growth of four oral microbial strains: Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans; using agar diffusion method. Wells were formed by removing the agar and the manipulated materials were immediately placed in the wells. The pellets were lodged in seeded plates and the growth inhibition diameter around the material was measured after 24-72 h incubation at 37°C. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test to compare the differences among the three cements at different concentrations. RESULTS: Test indicates that the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine, on all the microorganisms tested, was very strong, showing a mean inhibition zone of 3.2 mm, which extends over time towards all the strains. For Biodentine, GIC, and MTA, the diameters of the inhibition zones for S. mutans were significantly larger than for E. faecalis, Candida, and E. coli (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: All materials showed antimicrobial activity against the tested strains except for GIC on Candida. Largest inhibition zone was observed for Streptococcus group. Biodentine created larger inhibition zones than MTA and GIC.

A scanning electron microscopic study to evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation using scanning electron microscopic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty single rooted teeth with completely formed apices were used in this study. Standard endodontic access cavity preparations were performed. Then the teeth were randomly divided into two groups: groups 1 and 2 of 15 teeth each group. For group 1, NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) was used to irrigate the canal with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite after each instrument use. For group 2, NaviTip (brushless needle) was used for irrigation following each instrument use. ProTaper rotary files were used for the canal preparation. The teeth were then cleaned and dried before splitting them into two halves. The half with most visible part of the apex was used for scanning electron microscopic evaluation. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at significance level p < 0.005. RESULTS: The mean values for coronal and middle third of group 1 showed lower debris scores than group 2 and this difference was statistically significant at a p-value 0.01 and 0.05 respectively, but no significance difference between them at the apical third at a p-value of < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) showed effectively better canal wall debris removal than the NaviTip (brushless needle).

Evaluation of the Antibacterial efficacy of Omeprazole with Sodium Hypochlorite as an Endodontic Irrigating Solution- An Invivo Study.

BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors are used in endodontic disinfection of root canals for elimination of enterococcus faecalis. This invivo study on Wistner Rats is carried out to determine antimicrobial efficacy of proton pump inhibitor in combination with sodium hypochlorite & Mixture of Isomer of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD) against E. Faecalis Materials & Methods: Periapical lesions were induced on the 30 Incisor teeth of 30 male Wistner rats (10per group). After 28 days, root canals of each tooth were instrumented to 35# k file, during the process of instrumentation canals were irrigated with their respective irrigation solutions. Group-1: 2% CHX + 5.2% NaOCL, Group-2: MTAD(Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) + 5.2% NaOCL, Group-3: 8.5% Omeprazole (Dr Reddy's labs private limited - Hyderabad) + 5.2% NaOCL. Microbiological samples were collected by using #35 sterilized paper points after 28 days of inducing periapical lesions, Sample (S1) was collected before instrumentation and Sample (S2) was collected after instrumentation and Irrigation data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by Newman Keuls Post Hoc test. RESULTS: Microbiological Analysis revealed significant decrease of colony forming units from S1 to S2 Samples in all the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that association of Omeprazole with NaOCL showed a superior antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis in comparision with other irrigants. Key words: Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, Gluconate, MTAD, Omeprazole.

Treatment of maxillary central incisor with external root resorption using mineral trioxide aggregate: 18 months follow-up.

External cervical resorption is the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action; it usually begins on the cervical region of the root surface of the teeth. This case report demonstrates an external cervical resorption in a maxillary central incisor of a 24-year-old male patient. After surgical intervention and root canal treatment, the resorption was subsequently sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate. The 18 months follow-up demonstrates no pathological changes on clinical and radiographic examination. This case report presents a treatment strategy that might improve the healing outcomes for patients with external cervical resorption.

A regenerative approach towards mucosal fenestration closure.

Mucosal fenestration is an opening or an interstice through the oral mucosa. A lesion which occurs with greater frequency than generally realised, its occurrence is attributed to a myriad of causes. Mucogingival procedures including connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts and lateral pedicle grafts are generally considered to be the treatment of choice in the closure of a mucosal fenestration. More often, these procedures are performed in conjunction with other procedures such as periradicular surgery and with bone grafts. However, the concomitant use of gingival grafts and bone grafts in mucosal fenestrations secondary to infections in sites exhibiting severe bone loss is highly debatable. In this article, we report two cases of mucosal fenestrations secondary to trauma and their management by regenerative periodontal surgery with the placement of guided tissue regeneration membrane and bone graft. The final outcome was a complete closure of the fenestration in both the cases.

Splinting with diastema closure as an adjunct to periodontal therapy.

A variety of treatment modalities, from removable partial dentures, fixed prosthesis to implant placement can be used for replacement of missing teeth. Anterior diastema closure is one of the most challenging tasks; it is appreciable that restorative approach is the fastest, simplest and most predictable. This case report presents a successfully accomplished closure of diastema in mandibular anterior teeth, and splinting of the adjacent teeth which were grade II mobile. This present treatment modality offers a conservative, aesthetic and non-invasive treatment which can be considered as a long-lasting treatment.