Potential of porphyrins as chromogenic reagents for determining metals in capillary electrophoresis.

Although capillary electrophoresis (CE) with photometric detection is a well-established technique for the determination of various inorganic ions, its limited sensitivity has hindered greater development in this area. In this work, we used a mixture of metals consisting of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) to demonstrate that the sensitivity of CE with ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) detection can be improved by using chromogenic reagents such as porphyrins. To this end, the metals were reacted with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulphophenyl)-porphine dodecahydrate (TPPS(4)) to obtain their respective porphyrinato complexes, which were then separated by CE with a citrate buffer and detected at 410 nm. The ensuing electrophoretic method has a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 x 10(-6) M (180 microg L(-1)) for Co(II), 2 x 10(-10) M (0.012 microg L(-1)) for Ni(II), 4 x 10(-6) M (260 microg L(-1)) for Zn(II) and 4 x 10(-9) M (0.219 microg L(-1)) for Mn(II). The method is a highly promising choice for the ultratrace determination of Ni(II) and Mn(II).

Cisto de colédoco: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Choledochal cyst: case report and literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: Cistos de colédoco são dilatações congênitas dos ductos biliares, tanto intra quanto extra-hepáticas. É incomum com incidência estimada em 1:100.000 até 1:150.000 nascidos vivos nos países ocidentais. RELATO DO CASO: Mulher de 36 anos com história de icterícia, colúria e massa palpável em hemiabdome direito há 15 dias, negava acolia fecal, febre e emagrecimento. Ao exame físico apresentava ictérica e presença de uma massa palpável e indolor em hipocôndrio direito com cerca de 25 cm de diâmetro, sem outras alterações. Os exames laboratoriais evidenciaram aumento de enzimas canaliculares, hepatocíticas e bilirrubinas. CA 19-9, alfa-feto proteína e CEA foram normais. Exames de imagem do abdome mostraram massa de conteúdo cístico em topografia de colédoco e cabeça de pâncreas. Operada por laparotomia, foi evidenciado cisto de colédoco, classificação de Todani tipo I. A vesícula biliar foi ressecada juntamente com a porção distal do cisto e anastomose biliodigestiva em Y-de-Roux foi realizada entre a alça de jejuno e porção proximal do cisto. A evolução pós-operatória foi tumultuada com sangramento da anastomose e necessidade de reoperações para conter sangramento e complicações conseqüentes. CONCLUSÃO: Os cistos de colédoco são entidades raras e têm múltiplos aspectos em sua forma. O diagnóstico é facilmente feito pelos métodos de imagem correntes, contudo seu tratamento é difícil, por vezes de grande magnitude, e deve ser individualizado.

BACKGROUND: Choledochal cysts are congenital dilations of biliary ducts, being either intra or extra-hepatic. It is uncommon, having an estimated incidence of 1:100.000 to 1:150.000 born alive in western countries. CASE REPORT: Thirty six-year-old female was attended with a history of jaundice, coluria and palpable mass in the right hemiabdomen for 15 days, denying fecal acholia, having fever and weight loss. During physical examination the patient presented jaundice and a painless palpable mass in the right hypochondrium, having an approximate diameter of 25 cm, without any other alterations. Laboratory exams demonstrated an increase in canicular, hapatocytic and bilirubin enzymes. CA 19-9, alfa-fetoprotein and CEA showed normal levels. Abdominal image exams revealed a cystic content mass in the choledochal and head of the pancreas. A choledochal cyst was revealed after laparotomy, being classified as type I, with regards to Todanis' classification. The gallbaldder was ressected jointly with the distal portion of the cyst. Biliodigestive anastomosis in Y of Roux was performed between the jejunum loop and distal portion of the cyst. Postoperative evolution was tardied by bleeding from anastomosis and the patient was reoperated to contain bleeding and further complications. CONCLUSION: Choledochal cysts are rare entities, having multiple aspects regarding there shape and form. Diagnosis is easily done using image methods. However its treatment is difficult, sometimes being of great magnitude, therefore requiring individual treatment.