La deportividad organizacional, una norma de comportamiento y una norma de juicio / Organizational sportsmanship, a norm of behavior, and a norm of judgment

Los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (CCO) suelen considerarse como comportamientos extra-rol, transversales a diferentes puestos de trabajo, aunque, en ocasiones, son considerados parte del rol habitual; manteniéndose sí la elasticidad de su definición a raíz de la existencia de conceptos que, aunque en competencia, remiten a modelos similares (comportamientos organizacionales sociales, desempeño contextual, etc.). Con todo, parece haberse formado un consenso en torno a sus dimensiones constituyentes: altruismo, cortesía, civismo, profesionalismo y deportividad. Es esta última dimensión la que nos interesa aquí. Según Gangloff (2016), la deportividad tendría un carácter normativo. Sin embargo, es posible distinguir dos tipos de normas: normas de comportamiento y normas de juicio (Dubois, 1994). El presente estudio plantea la posibilidad de transformar la deportividad organizacional en una norma de juicio. 120 empleados del sector privado (60 hombres y 60 mujeres) han respondido a preguntas que corresponden a cuatro ítems de deportividad distribuidos al azar entre 24 ítems a ser completados. Dos de estos ítems fueron extraídos de un cuestionario clásico de CCO -y están formulados en forma de comportamientos-, mientras que los otros dos fueron construidos ad hoc y formulados en forma de juicios. Los resultados obtenidos van en el sentido de la hipótesis planteada (AU)

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are usually considered as extra-role behaviors, transversal to diffe-rent jobs, although sometimes they are considered part of the usual role; maintaining the elasticity of its definition as a result of the existence of concepts that, although in competition, refer to similar models (social organizational behaviors, contextual performance, etc.). Still, it seems to have formed a consensus around its constituent dimensions: altruism, courtesy, civility, professionalism, and sportsmanship. It is this last dimension that interests us here. Accor-ding to Gangloff (2016), sportsmanship would have a normative character. However, it is possible to distinguish two types of norms: norms of behavior and norms of judgment (Dubois, 1994). The present study raises the possibility of transforming organizational sportsmanship into a standard of judgment. 120 private sector employees (60 men and 60 women) have answered questions that correspond to four sportsmanship items randomly distributed among 24 items to be completed. Two of these items were extracted from a classic OCB questionnaire - and are formulated in the form of behaviors - while the other two were constructed ad hoc and formulated in the form of judgments. The results obtained are in the sense of the hypothesis raised (AU)

The evolution of north-east Atlantic gadfly petrels using statistical phylogeography.

Macaronesia (north-east Atlantic archipelagos) has been host to complex patterns of colonization and differentiation in many groups of organisms including seabirds such as gadfly petrels (genus Pterodroma). Considering the subspecies of widely distributed soft-plumaged petrel for many years, the taxonomic status of the three gadfly petrel taxa breeding in Macaronesia is not yet settled, some authors advocating the presence of three, two or one species. These birds have already been the subject of genetic studies with only one mtDNA gene and relatively modest sample sizes. In this study, using a total of five genes (two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns), we investigated the population and phylogeographical histories of petrel populations breeding on Madeira and Cape Verde archipelagos. Despite confirming complete lineage sorting with mtDNA, analyses with nucDNA failed to reveal any population structuring and Isolation with Migration analysis revealed the absence of gene flow during the differentiation process of these populations. It appears that the three populations diverged in the late Pleistocene in the last 150 000 years, that is 10 times more recently than previous estimates based solely on one mtDNA gene. Finally, our results suggest that the Madeira petrel population is ancestral rather than that from Cape Verde. This study strongly advocates the use of nuclear loci in addition to mtDNA in demographical and phylogeographical history studies.