RESUMO
A dynamic model is proposed to describe a mycoloop in aquatic food webs. The model consists of phytoplankton, chytrids and zooplankton. It characterizes that zooplankton consume both phytoplankton and free-living chytrid spores, and that chytrids infect phytoplankton. The dynamics of the model are investigated containing the dissipativity, existence and stability of equilibria, and persistence. The ecological reproductive indexes for phytoplankton or zooplankton invasion and basic reproduction numbers for chytrid transmission are derived. The parameter values of the model are estimated based on experimental data. Numerical simulations explore the effects of the mycoloop on phytoplankton blooms and chytrid transmission. This research reveals that the mycoloop structure increases or reduces phytoplankton blooms, and controls the spread of chytrids among phytoplankton.
Assuntos
Cadeia Alimentar , Fitoplâncton , Animais , ZooplânctonRESUMO
The conversion of methane to liquid products, hydrogen (H2), and ammonia (NH3) was investigated experimentally using microgap discharge plasma at an environmentally friendly condition. The experimental results indicated that H2 and NH3 were detected as the main gas products. The highest yield and production rate of H2 was 14.4% (v/v) and 2974.6 micromol/min, respectively, whereas the highest yield and production rate of NH3 was 8000 ppm (v/v) and 165.1 micromol/min, respectively. Particularly, the liquid products were collected on the plate and consisted of pyrrole, 2-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, c-amidopyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, methylpyrazine, 1-hexyne, 1,4-heptadiene, and polycyclic organic compounds. Some liquid products were the intermediates of drug, flavor, dye, and organic synthesis, as well as edible flavor. The collection efficiency in mass and energy efficiency were 26.3% at once and 22.9 g/kWh, respectively. The whole reaction process was considered to be in line with green chemistry principles.
