Ultrasensitive Detection of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein Using Laser Induced Graphene Field-Effect Transistor.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious human infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the war with the virus is still underway. Since no specific drugs have been made available yet and there is an imbalance between supply and demand for vaccines, early diagnosis and isolation are essential to control the outbreak. Current nucleic acid testing methods require high sample quality and laboratory conditions, which cannot meet flexible applications. Here, we report a laser-induced graphene field-effect transistor (LIG-FET) for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The FET was manufactured by different reduction degree LIG, with an oyster reef-like porous graphene channel to enrich the binding point between the virus protein and sensing area. After immobilizing specific antibodies in the channel, the FET can detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 15 min at a concentration of 1 pg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 1 ng/mL in human serum. In addition, the sensor shows great specificity to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Our sensors can realize fast production for COVID-19 rapid testing, as each LIG-FET can be fabricated by a laser platform in seconds. It is the first time that LIG has realized a virus sensing FET without any sample pretreatment or labeling, which paves the way for low-cost and rapid detection of COVID-19.

[Effects of different forms of microbial agents on the growth and quality of Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino (non-heading Chinese cabbage).] / 不同形态微生物菌剂对不结球白菜生长和品质的影响.

Reasonable application of microbial agents can significantly improve soil environment and increase the yield and quality of vegetables. In this study, we examined the effects of different forms of microbial agents on the growth and quality of Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino (non-heading Chinese cabbage) under the conditions of no microbial agent application, liquid and solid microbe agents application. The results showed that compared with no microbial agent, application of liquid and solid microbial agent significantly improved soil urease activity, plant nitrogen content, leaf area, SPAD value, and net photosynthetic rate, and increased vegetable production by 26.9% and 34.4% respectively. Meanwhile, the total phenol content and ascorbic acid content of non-heading Chinese cabbage were increased and nitrate content was significantly decreased by applying microbial agents. Thus, rational application of microbial agents promoted the yield and quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage. From the perspective of vegetable growth, liquid microbial agents work fast, solid microbial agents had good long-term efficacy. The cooperating application with organic and inorganic fertilizers would facilitate the excellent quality and high yield of vegetables.

Osmotic stress alters circadian cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and OSCA1 is required in circadian gated stress adaptation.

The circadian clock is a universal timing system that involved in plant physical responses to abiotic stresses. Moreover, OSCA1 is an osmosensor responsible for [Ca2+]i increases induced by osmotic stress in plants. However, there is little information on osmosensor involved osmotic stress-triggered circadian clock responses. Using an aequorin-based Ca2+ imaging assay, we found the gradient (0 mM, 200 mM, 500 mM) osmotic stress (induced by sorbitol) both altered the primary circadian parameter of WT and osca1 mutant. This means the plant switch to a fast day/night model to avoid energy consumption. In contrast, the period of WT and osca1 mutant became short since the sorbitol concentration increased from 0 mM to 500 mM. As the sorbitol concentration increased, the phase of the WT becomes more extensive compared with osca1 mutant, which means WT is more capable of coping with the environmental change. Moreover, the amplitude of WT also becomes broader than osca1 mutant, especially in high (500 mM) sorbitol concentration, indicate the WT shows more responses in high osmotic stress. In a word, the WT has much more flexibility to cope with the osmotic stress than osca1 mutant. It implies the OSCA1 might be involved in the circadian gated plant adaptation to the environmental osmotic stress, which opens an avenue to study Ca2+ processes with other circadian signaling pathways.

[Effect of Xinling Wan in treatment of stable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel-controlled, multicenter trial].

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Xinling Wan on patients with stable angina pectoris, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 232 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into experiment group and placebo group. The experiment group was treated with Xinling Wan (two pills each time, three times daily) for 4 weeks, and the placebo group was treated with placebo. The effectiveness evaluation showed that Xinling Wan could significantly increase the total duration of treadmill exercise among patients with stable angina pectoris. FAS analysis showed that the difference value of the total exercise duration was between experiment group (72.11±139.32) s and placebo group (31.25±108.32) s. Xinling Wan could remarkably increase the total effective rate of angina pectoris symptom score, and the analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.95% in experiment group and 42.61% in placebo group. The reduction of nitroglycerin dose was (2.45±2.41) tablets in experiment group and (0.50±2.24) tablets in placebo group on the basis of FAS analysis. The decrease of symptom integral was (4.68±3.49) in experiment group and (3.19±3.31) in placebo group based on FAS analysis. Besides, Xinling Wan could decrease the weekly attack time and the duration of angina pectoris. PPS analysis results were similar to those of FAS analysis. In conclusion, Xinling Wan has an obvious therapeutic effect in treating stable angina pectoris, with a good safety and a low incidence of adverse event and adverse reaction in experiment group.

Erlotinib-based doublet targeted therapy versus erlotinib alone in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis from 24 randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy profile of erlotinib-based doublet targeted therapy compared with erlotinib monotherapy for previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC, a meta-analysis was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We rigorously searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and meeting proceedings. Phase II/III randomized trials reporting on the efficacy of erlotinib-doublet therapy versus single-agent therapy were selected. We estimated the HR for OS, PFS and the RR for ORR, DCR, 1-year SR. Phases of trials, targeted signaling pathways, EGFR-status and KRAS- status were included in subset analysis. RESULTS: 24 studies involving 6,196 patients were eligible. In general, the combination targeted therapy significantly improved PFS, ORR and DCR. There was also a trend showing improved OS and 1-year SR in doublets group, though it was not statistically significant. Subgroup analysis suggested PFS improvement in EGFR wild-type, KRAS mutant, KRAS wild-type populations. Moreover, patients treated with anti-angiogenesis or anti-MET targeted agent revealed a significant benefit in PFS. CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced NSCLC, erlotinib-doublets target therapy (specially combination with anti-angiogenesis and anti-MET targeted agents) was associated with a statistically significantly longer PFS, greater ORR and DCR, but the combination did not improve OS and 1-year SR compared with erlotinib alone.

Pulmonary ground-glass opacity: computed tomography features, histopathology and molecular pathology.

The incidence of pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions is increasing as a result of the widespread use of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) and the low-dose CT screening for lung cancer detection. Besides benign lesions, GGOs can be a specific type of lung adenocarcinomas or their preinvasive lesions. Evaluation of pulmonary GGO and investigation of the correlation between CT imaging features and lung adenocarcinoma subtypes or driver genes can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis and in guiding the clinical management. Our review focuses on the pathologic characteristics of GGO detected at CT, involving histopathology and molecular pathology.

Ectopic expression of a phytochrome B gene from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in Arabidopsis thaliana promotes seedling de-etiolation, dwarfing in mature plants, and delayed flowering.

Phytochrome B (phyB) is an essential red light receptor that predominantly mediates seedling de-etiolation, shade-avoidance response, and flowering time. In this study, we isolate a full-length cDNA of PHYB, designated BrPHYB, from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), and we find that BrphyB protein has high amino acid sequence similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana phyB (i.e., AtphyB). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results indicate that the BrPHYB gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues under all light conditions. Constitutive expression of the BrPHYB gene in A. thaliana significantly enhances seedling de-etiolation under red- and white-light conditions, and causes dwarf stature in mature plants. Unexpectedly, overexpression of BrPHYB in transgenic A. thaliana resulted in reduced expression of gibberellins biosynthesis genes and delayed flowering under short-day conditions, whereas AtPHYB overexpression caused enhanced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T and earlier flowering. Our results suggest that BrphyB might play an important role in regulating the development of Chinese cabbage. BrphyB and AtphyB have conserved functions during de-etiolation and vegetative plant growth and divergent functions in the regulation of flowering time.

Screening and monitoring zearalenone-producing Fusarium species by PCR and zearalenone by monoclonal antibodies in feed from China.

Screening of zearalenone (ZEN)-producing species and monitoring of ZEN in feed were performed by using anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies. ELISA recoveries of ZEN from corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) feed, corn feed, rice bran, soybean meal, wheat bran and rapeseed dregs were between 78.6% and 88.6%. ZEN recovery from culture media was 96.3% at the spiked level of 500 µg/kg. Eighty-three samples of DDGS feed, corn feed and other fee ingredients were collected from 11 provinces of China and analysed for ZEN. Average ZEN levels were 563.4 µg/kg for DDGS feed, 393.1 µg/kg for corn feed and 65.7 µg/kg for other feed ingredients. Eighteen Fusarium species such as Fusarium graminearum which could produce ZEN were isolated from corn feed and other feed ingredients.

Multi-state Markov model in outcome of mild cognitive impairments among community elderly residents in Mainland China.

BACKGROUND: Although knowledge of established risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can logically contribute to the search for predictors of the progression of cognitive impairment, it has not yet been firmly established where in the cognitive impairment process these risk factors exert their effects and how to predict quantitatively for the progression of mild cognitive impairments (MCI) to AD. This study aimed to determine whether known risk factors increased the risk of progression from MCI to AD and to make prediction based on transition probabilities. METHODS: Based on ten examinations of 600 community-dwelling MCI residents and cognitive assessments to classify individuals into MCI, global impairment, and AD, a multi-state Markov Cox's regression model was used and the hazard ratios with their confidence intervals and transition probabilities were estimated. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that gender, age, and hypertension were statistically significant predictors of transition from MCI to global impairment; age, education, and reading statistically influenced transition from global impairment to MCI; gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, and apolipoprotein E geneε4 status were statistically associated with transition from global impairment to AD. Subjects at MCI were more likely (67%) to remain in that cognitive state at the next cognitive assessment than to transition to cognitive deterioration. For global impairment, probability of remaining in the same state was only 18% and that of forward transition was three times more likely than that of backward transition. CONCLUSIONS: Known risk factors influenced differently for different transitions. Transition from global impairment was more likely to worsen to severe cognitive deterioration than transition from MCI.

[A short history of endoscopic neurosurgery].

Since 1910, rigid cystoscopy was first applied in the lateral ventricular choroid plexus cauterization for the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus, thus, opening up a new window in the endoscopic neurosurgery, but poor surgical outcome and high mortality made the application of endoscopic neurosurgery in question. Latterly, because of the appearance of new microscope and optical fiber endoscope, neuroendoscopy has been applied adequately in neurosurgery, with the increase of its clinical indications. Along with it, the concept of neuroendoscopy in surgery has changed, as well as the expansion of clinical indications. At present, neuroendoscopy technology has become a significant branch of modern neurosurgery.

[Multi-state model in the evaluation of outcome on mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to introduce the multi-state Markov model for the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to find out the related factors for AD prevention and early intervention among the elderly. METHODS: MCI, moderate to severe cognitive impairment, and AD were defined as state 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A three-state homogeneous model with discrete states and discrete times from data on six follow-up visits was constructed to explore factors for various progressive stages from MCI to AD. Transition probability and survival curve were made after the model fit assessment. RESULTS: At the level of 0.05, data from the multivariate analysis showed that gender (HR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.12-1.38), age (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.07-1.72), hypertension (HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.31-2.19) were statistically significant for the transition from state 1 to state 2, while age (HR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.69-0.98), education level (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.09-1.86) and reading (HR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.01-1.41) were statistically significant for transition from state 2 to state 1, and gender (HR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.33-1.89), age (HR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.64), hypertension (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.11-1.43), diabetes (HR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-2.00), ApoEe4 (HR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.09-1.68) were statistically significant for transition from state 2 to state 3. Based on the fitted model, the three-year transition probabilities during each state at average covariate level were estimated. CONCLUSION: To delay the disease progression of MCI, phase by phase prevention measures could be adopted based on the main factors of each stage. Multi-state Markov model could imitate the natural history of disease and showed great advantage in dynamically evaluating the development of chronic diseases with multi-states and multi-factors.

[Current status and influencing factors regarding quality of life among patients with Alzheimer's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status and influencing factors regarding quality of life among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Through stratified cluster sampling method, two hundred patients with AD and their caregivers were chosen and interviewed. AD patients were assessed by questionnaires, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD), in order to compare the reports from patients and caregivers on QOL-AD and to analyze related influencing factors. Descriptive analysis, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS: The scores of reports from patients (28.78 ± 4.30) were lower than that from the caregivers' (30.05 ± 6.05). The difference was statistically significant (t = 2.122, P < 0.05) and was positively correlated (r = 0.312, P < 0.001). Data from multivariate analysis showed that cognitive level (t = 3.465, P = 0.001), marriage relationship (t = 3.062, P = 0.003), having public activities (t = 2.581, P = 0.011), personal characters (t = 2.254, P = 0.026), restricted diet pattern (t = 3.614, P < 0.001), regularly drinking tea (t = 2.652, P = 0.009) and doing housework (t = 3.180, P = 0.002) were predictive factors. CONCLUSION: Scores from the caregiver's report on QOL-AD were higher than that from the patients'. Many factors influenced the quality of life on AD patients. Strategies on improving the quality of life among AD patients can be developed based on the findings of this study.

DJ-1-Mediated protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.

DJ-1 was identified as a causal gene for a familial form of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), park 7. DJ-1 plays roles in transcriptional regulation and the anti-oxidative stress reaction. In this study, we found that protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, bound to DJ-1 in vitro and that PAL protected SH-SY5Y cells but not DJ-1-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death, indicating that the protective effect of PAL is mediated by DJ-1. Furthermore, PAL inhibited production of reactive oxygen species and the inhibition was abated in DJ-1-knockdown cells. PAL increased and decreased phosphorylation of AKT and PTEN, respectively, in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting that the AKT pathway is one of the specific signaling pathways in PAL-induced neuroprotection. Moreover, PAL prevented superfluous oxidation of cysteine 106 of DJ-1, an essential amino acid for DJ-1's function. The present study demonstrates that PAL has potential neuroprotective effects through DJ-1.