RESUMO
Functional traits are indicators of the responses and adaptation of organisms to environmental changes and cascade to a series of ecosystem functions. The functional traits of soil animals are sensitive to environmental factors and may characterize and predict the changes of ecosystem functions. Multiple dimensions of biodiversity that combing species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity improves the understanding of distribution patterns, community assembly mechanisms and ecosystem functions of soil animals. In this review, we listed the categories of soil animal functional traits and their ecological significance, and summarized current researches on the responses of soil animal communities to environmental changes and the community assembly processes based on trait-based approaches. We proposed to strengthen the study on the impacts of eco-evolution processes of biotic interactions to soil animal functional traits, establish the database of soil animal functional traits, and apply trait-based approaches in the ecological restoration in the future, which would benefit soil biodiversity conservation and sustainability of soil ecosystems.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Ecossistema , Solo , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecologia , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
In May, July and September 2012, four treatment plots with different concentrations of effective microorganisms (EM) compost were established (control, low, medium, and high concentration) in a typical black soil farmland in Harbin. We investigated the effects of different EM compost concentrations on the composition, vertical structure, seasonal dynamics, and diversity of micro- and medium-sized soil faunal communities. A total of 7860 individuals (with the average density of 49125 ind·m-2) were captured which were classified into 30 groups, belonging to ten classes and three orders. Overall, the number of group and density of fauna increased with the increasing concentration of EM compost. However, the density was lower in the low concentration plot than in the control. The vertical distribution of faunal communities was characterized by surface clustering and there was a strong seasonal variation. The diversity indices of faunal communities increased with increasing the EM compost concentration, and the soil organic matter had a relatively greater contribution to such diversity changes. The response of groups to EM treatment was species-dependent. Frequent and dominant groups had strong adaptability to changes in the soil environment, while the rare groups were more sensitive. This study revealed that EM compost could promote the community structure and increase the diversity of the faunal community in the black soil farmland.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Compostagem , Fazendas , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo , Animais , Estações do AnoRESUMO
By using landscape-level animal population simulator (LAPS), the spatiotemporal dynamics of the main prey populations of Panthera tigris from 1990 to 2009 in East Wanda Mountains were simulated, based on the different scenarios of accidental mortality and carrying capacity that could represent the influence of direct and indirect human disturbance. The effects of the accidental mortality and carrying capacity on the population dynamics were studied, and the spatiotemporal distribution of animal blocks was exhibited explicitly in the study area, with the individual density in different patches compared. The results showed that compared with carrying capacity, accidental mortality had more effects on prey populations, and the population density was significantly higher in shrubs than in broad-leaved forests. The conclusions made in this study could provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of P. tigris' s preys in East Wanda Mountains, while the quantitative validation of the conclusions still needs further investigation.
