Inhibition of Zymosan-Induced Inflammatory Factors Expression by ATRA Nanostructured Lipid Carriers.

Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ATRA-NLCs) on the zymosan-induced expression of the cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ and the matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (MMPs/TIMPs) and TLR2 in rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs). Methods. ATRA-NLCs were prepared by emulsification. RCFs were isolated and harvested after four to seven passages in monolayer culture. Cytokine release (IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ) induced by zymosan was analyzed by cytokine release assay, reverse transcription, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis detection. MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and TLR2 expression were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results. ATRA-NLCs were resistant to light and physically stable, and the average size of the ATRA-NLCs was 200 nm. ATRA-NLCs increased the zymosan-induced release of IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased the release of IFN-γ by RCFs. ATRA-NLCs decreased the levels of TLR2 and MMPs/TIMPs above. Conclusions. ATRA may be a potent anti-inflammatory agent for the therapy of fungal keratitis (FK).

Plasty of Human bites induced full thickness large area eyelid defects.

Large area eyelid defects induced by human biting was rare. A 43-year-old man was bited by a human. His Blepharocoloboma size was 60% percent of the upper eyelid, the horizontal defect length of defect area was 25mm, the vertical height was 5mm,a small mass like lateral eyelid tissue was left on the Lateralis lid margin. The toughness of this lateral eyelid tissue was enough to support the lateral canthus tissue transfered to the same area then the lateral eyelid tissue was sutured with the remaining sclera after which the sclera-conjunctiva was reconstructed. The skin tranfering from lateral canthus was sutured with conjunctiva without exposing. Eyelid defect was effectively repaired. The technique of lateralis cantholysis association with self remaining lateral eyelid tissue version was manifested an alternative and useful procedure for the reconstruction of large area upper full thickness eyelid defects.