A Mammography-Based Nomogram for Prediction of Malignancy in Breast Suspicious Calcification.

AIM: To establish a predictive nomogram for malignancy risk stratification of micro-calcifications (MCCs) detected on mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive mammograms from January 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Traditional clinical features were recorded and mammographic features were estimated according to the 5th BI-RADS. A nomogram was developed to graphically predict the malignancy risk based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The discrimination and calibration performance of the prediction model was assessed. RESULTS: There were 123 cases of suspicious MCCs with final pathological results identified with a malignancy rate of 55.2%. The malignancy rates of subgroups divided according to the morphology and distribution of MCCs, age, menopausal status and the maximum diameter of MCCs were significantly different. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that a menopause status of postmenopausal, maximum diameters of MCCs ≥2 cm, the morphology of MCCs as fine pleomorphic or fine linear or branching, and the distribution of MCCs as linear or segmental were predictive of a higher probability of malignancy. A prediction nomogram was developed based on four risk factors, including menopausal status as well as the maximum diameters, distribution and morphology of the MCCs. The AUC of that nomogram was 0.839 (95%CI:0.771-0.903). CONCLUSION: In mammography, the morphology, distribution and maximum diameter of MCCs, and the menopausal status are independent predictors of malignant suspicious MCCs and are readily available in the clinical setting. The nomogram developed in this study for individualized malignancy risk stratification of suspicious MCCs shows a reliable discrimination performance.

Osteoblastoma of the breast:An uncommon and easily overlooked location.

Osteoblastoma is a rare benign osseous neoplasm that accounts for 1%-3% of all primary bone tumors. Osteoblastomas can involve any part of the skeleton, but mainly occurs in the spine and other long bones, rarely in extra-skeletal areas. Extra-skeletal osteoblastomas arise from tissues outside of the bone, and only a few cases have been reported previously. To our knowledge, only one case of osteoblastoma in the breast has been described in the English literature. Here, we report another case of a breast osteoblastoma in a middle-aged woman, which was initially detected by ultrasound examination and digital mammography, and then was confirmed by histopathology. In this report, the imaging features and differential diagnosis of breast osteoblastoma are discussed.