A Serous Cystic Tumor and a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in the Same Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A serous cystic tumor is a rare entity that has a benign course. Its imaging characteristics, such as the presence of multiple cysts with or without nodular enhancement, can simulate other cystic or solid lesions of the pancreas. Identification of the enhancing scar with punctate calcifications on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a distinctive finding suggesting this diagnosis. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are a different and also rare entity. In images, they have early arterial enhancement. In MRI, they are hyperintense on T2 and hypointense on T1, with avid contrast enhancement. A case of a patient with two focal lesions in the pancreas is presented and the importance of integrating clinical findings, semiology in diagnostic images and, if applicable, the histopathological result for the optimal management of pancreatic tumors is illustrated, highlighting the crucial role of a radiologist in this process.

Ancient Diseases in Vertebrates: Tumours through the Ages.

Paleo-oncology studies neoplastic diseases in fossilised animals, including human remains. Recent advancements have enabled more accurate diagnoses of ancient pathologies despite the inherent challenges in identifying tumours in fossils-such as the rarity of well-preserved specimens, the predominance of bone remains, and the difficulty in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. This study compiles reports of tumours in fossilised animals, highlighting that neoplasms are present in a wide range of vertebrates and drawing comparisons to modern instances of similar diseases. The findings underscore the multifactorial aetiology of tumours, which involves genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, and suggest that tumours have been around for at least 350 million years.

A multi-analytical evaluation of the depositional pattern on open-air rock art panels at "Abrigo del Lince" (Badajoz, Spain).

Microscopic observation correlated with chemical-mineralogical characterization was performed on pigment samples from "Abrigo del Lince" rock art site (V-IV millennium BC), in order to provide contributions to the study of prehistoric schematic art on granite in the province of Badajoz (Spain). The research objectives include the understanding of technological and cultural aspects, as well as of conservation and deterioration issues related to the pictographs. The multi-analytical approach encompasses the integration of microscopic observation, SEM-EDS analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and ATR-FTIR and allowed to achieve a multispectral overview of the samples and to describe their varied composition and the alteration pattern which connects them. The main phases overlying the granitic bedrock and involved in this sequence are as follows: hematite, whewellite, and gypsum. While hematite could be stratigraphically considered the most ancient layer and assigned to the use of red ochre as a pigment, whewellite and gypsum are the main constituent of the alteration layer which forms a patina over the pictographs, due to weathering processes. Finally, the role of biofilms in rock art conservation is discussed, suggesting that, especially for what concern thin and homogenous layers of oxalates, their presence should not be necessarily considered an issue.

Efectos del biofloc sobre los parámetros de crecimiento de juveniles de cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus / Biofloc effect on juvenils Cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus growth parameters / Efeito dos bioflocos sobre os parâmetros de crescimento de juvenis de Pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus

Resumen El cultivo en biofloc es una alternativa de producción en la cual se utiliza proteína bacteriana de alto valor biológico como posible suplemento alimenticio y como estrategia para ahorrar recursos y mantener la calidad de agua dentro de los parámetros exigidos por la especie. Durante 60 días se comparó el desempeño productivo de juveniles de cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus cultivados en sistema intensivo con renovación de agua (T1) y con tecnología biofloc (T2). T1 recibió recambios de agua del 50% semanal y limpieza de fondo dos veces por semana; T2 en sistema biofloc (BFT) con adición de melaza en una relación carbono:nitrógeno de 15:1. Ambos tratamientos recibieron alimento balanceado con 24% de proteína de origen vegetal suministrado hasta saciedad aparente cuatro veces/día. Fueron empleados 480 alevinos, con peso promedio de 0,8 ± 0,33 g y talla de 3,0 ± 0,4 cm. Cada 15 días se determinó peso y longitud estándar (LE), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), tasa específica de crecimiento en peso (TEC), biomasa (B), factor de conversión alimenticia (FCA), sobrevivencia (S) y factor de condición (K). Se midió oxígeno disuelto (OD), temperatura (T°), pH, salinidad (ppT) y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) dos veces al día. Semanalmente se determinó nitrógeno amoniacal total (NAT), nitrito, nitrato, alcalinidad y dureza. El desempeño productivo no fue diferente entre los tratamientos (P>0,05). Con la tecnología biofloc es posible manejar las mismas densidades de peces y mantener rendimientos productivos adecuados, similares a los de un sistema productivo intensivo aunque optimizando el uso del recurso hídrico.

Abstract Biofloc cultures are an interesting alternative in which bacterial protein with high biological value is used as a possible food supplement and as part of a strategy to keep water quality within the parameters required by a given species. The production performance of juveniles of white cachama Piaractus brachypomus was compared for 60 days. The fish were reared in two systems: one was intensive and had water renewal (T1), while the other had biofloc technology (T2).T1 had 50% of its water changed weekly and the pond's bottom was cleaned twice per week. In contrast, T2 was a biofloc system (BFT) with added molasses in a carbon:nitrogen ratio of 15:1. In both treatments the fish were fed to apparent satiety four times per day. The feed was balanced and had 24% of protein of vegetable origin.A total of 480 fingerlings were used, whose average weight and size were 0.8 ± 0.33 and 3.0 ± 0.4 cm, respectively.The following parameters were determined on a fifteen-day basis: weight, standard length (SL), daily weight gain (DWG), specific rate of growth in terms of weight (SGR), biomass (B), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (S), condition factor (K). Likewise, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature (T°), pH and salinity (ppT) were measured twice a day. Furthermore, total suspended solids (TSS) and biofloc volume were measured every two days.The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and the levels of nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity and hardness were determined weekly. Production performance showed no variations across treatments (P>0.05).The biofloc technology makes it possible to have the same fish densities as those observed in intensive production systems. Likewise, the production performance values are adequate and similar to those of this kind of system, but the water resource is optimized.

Resumo O cultivo com bioflocos é uma alternativa de produção onde é utilizada proteína bacteriana de alto valor biológico como possível suplemento dietário e como estratégia para poupar recursos e manter a qualidade da agua dentro dos parâmetros exigidos pela espécie. Durante 60 dias o desempenho produtivo dos juvenis de pirapitinga criados em sistema intensivo com renovação da água (T1) e com bioflocos foi comparado (T2) sem renovação, só repor à agua perdida pela evaporação. Os peixes de T1 receberam renovações de água de 50% semanais e, limpeza do fundo duas vezes na semana. Os peixes de T2 estiveram em sistema com bioflocos. Com adição de melaço numa razão carbono: nitrogênio de 15:1. A ração fornecida tinha 24% de proteína vegetal e foi ministrada até saciedade quatro vezes ao dia. Foram utilizados 480 alevinos com peso médio de 0,8 ± 0,33 g e tamanho de 3,0 ± 0,4 cm. Cada 15 dias foi determinado peso e comprimento padrão, ganho de peso diário (GDP), taxa específica de crescimento (TEC), biomassa (B), conversão alimentar, sobrevivência (S) e fator de condição (K). Foi medido oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, pH, salinidade (ppT) e sólidos suspendidos totais (SST) duas vezes ao dia. Semanalmente foi determinado nitrogênio amoniacal total (NAT), nitrito, nitrato, alcalinidade e dureza. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho produtivo entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Com a aplicação da tecnologia com bioflocos é possível utilizar as mesmas densidades de peixes e manter o desempenho produtivo ótimo, semelhantes aos de um sistema de produção intensiva embora otimizando a utilização da agua.