Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Oppositely Charged Molecular Switches in the Aqueous Phase: Theory and Experiment.

XUV photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful method for investigating the electronic structures of molecules. However, the correct interpretation of results in the condensed phase requires theoretical models that account for solvation. Here we present experimental aqueous-phase XPS of two organic biomimetic molecular switches, NAIP and p-HDIOP. These switches are structurally similar, but have opposite charges and thus present a stringent benchmark for solvation models which need to reproduce the observed ΔeBE = 1.1 eV difference in electron binding energy compared to the 8 eV difference predicted in the gas phase. We present calculations using implicit and explicit solvent models. The latter employs the average solvent electrostatic configuration and free energy gradient (ASEC-FEG) approach. Both nonequilibrium polarizable continuum models and ASEC-FEG calculations give vertical binding energies in good agreement with the experiment for three different computational protocols. Counterions, explicitly accounted for in ASEC-FEG, contribute to the stabilization of molecular states and reduction of ΔeBE upon solvation.

Vacunas antineumocócicas conjugadas en la infancia / Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines in children

La enfermedad neumocócica representa un problema de salud de primera magnitud. A la gravedad de la enfermedad invasora se añade el alto número de consultas y la morbilidad de las otitis y las neumonías.Los tratamientos actuales basados en la antibioterapia a pesar de su efectividad están produciendo una selección de mutantes resistentes que obliga a considerar otras alternativas terapéuticas.Hasta la fecha la vacuna disponible 23-valente no era adecuada para su administración en menores de dos años.La nueva vacuna heptavalente permitirá la utilización en niños desde los dos meses de edad obviando el problema de la anterior.Esta vacuna se ha mostrado eficaz y segura en amplios ensayos clínicos realizados hasta la fecha, como lo demuestran su incorporación al calendario vacunal de EE.UU. y la recomendación positiva por parte del ACIP.Por todo ello parece que en breve se dispondrá de una nueva estrategia terapéutica a la que en un medio plazo seguirán nuevas vacunas aún mas completas (AU)

[Variation of the demand in the emergency of the Psychiatric Hospital of Madrid]. / Variación de la demanda en la urgencia del Hospital Psiquiátrico de Madrid.

The present study investigate several socio-demographics, clinical and therapeutics factors that converge in the emergencies of the Psychiatric Hospital of Madrid on June, 1989 and 1990. Also, the study approach the changes about the demand of attendance, experienced by these emergencies during the period 1979-1990, related to the introduction of a sectorized care organization through the comparison with similar studies realize in the same Hospital. Is studied the function of these changes in the progressive reordering of the population demand.

[Neuropsychological changes in drug addicts infected with human immunodeficiency virus]. / Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en drogodependientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.

The early organic mental disorder, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) in the drug dependents (DD), if it is not taken into account, can disturb the diagnosis of the neuropsychiatric and the toxic disorders. The authors attempt to outline, with several neuropsychological tests (visuo-perceptual, memory, attention) and with the physical and neurologic exploration, if cognitive abnormalities are present in two groups of DD after detoxification period. The first group is infected by the HIV (n: 48), and the second one is not (n: 33). Differences can be found only in the Bender visuo-perceptual test, which are not justified by the divergences found between the groups about the drug dependence history and the present drug of abuse intake. The importance of the early diagnosis of these abnormalities is argued in order to get a suitable treatment of the possible neuropsychiatric complications in the DD development, and restrain the extent of the cognitive damage by HIV infection.

[Indicators of social support in psychiatric patients admitted to a brief hospitalization unit]. / Indicadores de soporte social en pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados en una unidad de hospitalización breve.

This study constitutes an attempt to analyze the relationship between different characteristics of social support and mental illness. The subjects of the retrospective study were 164 consecutive admissions to the Short Hospitalization Unit of Area 3 during 1989, aged 15-65, who met ICD-9 diagnosis criteria for: Affective Disorders, Schizophrenic Psychosis, Psychogenic psychosis, and Alcoholic Dependence. Social Support was assessed using different characteristics of family system (marriage, familiar network size, level of expressed emotion), social network, and instrumental functioning.