Hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa estromal: hallazgos en resonancia magnética de dos casos / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: magnetic resonance findings in two cases

La hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa estromal (PASH) es una entidad benigna de la mama con etiología poco clara, aunque con una marcada influencia hormonal. Siendo poco frecuente, su diagnóstico diferencial es importante debido a que puede simular entidades malignas, tanto clínica como radiológicamente. Incluso la histología puede ser confusa. El objetivo de esta publicación reside en describir los hallazgos más reseñables en resonancia magnética (RM) observados en dos pacientes afectos de PASH, patología muy poco descrita con esta técnica de imagen (AU)

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign breast tumor of uncertain etiology, although marked hormonal influence clearly plays a role in this disease.The differential diagnosis is important because this is an uncommon lesion that can simulate malignant lesions both at clinical and radiological examination, and even the histological results can be confusing. Little has been published regarding the MRI findings of PASH. The aim of this report is to describe the most remarkable findings observed at MRI in two patients with PASH (AU)

[Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: magnetic resonance findings in two cases]. / Hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa estromal: hallazgos en resonancia magnética de dos casos.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign breast tumor of uncertain etiology, although marked hormonal influence clearly plays a role in this disease. The differential diagnosis is important because this is an uncommon lesion that can simulate malignant lesions both at clinical and radiological examination, and even the histological results can be confusing. Little has been published regarding the MRI findings of PASH. The aim of this report is to describe the most remarkable findings observed at MRI in two patients with PASH.

Breast and pectoralis muscle hypoplasia. A mild degree of Poland's syndrome.

PURPOSE: Poland's syndrome is a congenital and unilateral aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM), with other anomalies of the ipsilateral upper extremity. We present 6 cases in which the only clinical expression was asymmetry of the breasts associated with partial absence of the PMM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 95000 mammograms (obtained 1985-1995) to find patients with asymmetrical breast size. Where the asymmetry could not be ascribed to any other cause, the patients were recalled for an examination of the PMM which was conducted at rest and with active contraction of the muscle. RESULTS: Unilateral volume reduction of the PMM was found in 5 women of whom 2 were studied with MR. A 6th case was a fortuitous finding in a male patient. CONCLUSION: Mild forms of Poland's syndrome are more frequent than severe forms, and may go undiagnosed. Hypoplasia of one breast or a horizontal anterior axillary fold may be the sole clinical manifestation of this syndrome.

[Urethral sonography in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of urethral stenosis]. / Sonouretrografía en el diagnóstico y evaluación preoperatoria de la estenosis de uretra.

An area of spongiofibrosis can be found proximal and distal to all stenosis of the urethra. The severity of such spongiofibrosis as well as its length are in many instances decisive when choosing an adequate surgical approach. Conventional radiological diagnosis of stenosis of the urethra only shows the area of urethral stricture but is unable to inform on the fibrosis of the spongy body. Sonourethrography or urethral echography affords a dynamic tridimensional examination of the anterior urethra which provides accurate data on the length of the stenosis, as well as the extend and severity of the spongiofribosis. Sixteen patients diagnosed with stenosis of the urethra through sonourethrography were evaluated. This easy-to-perform investigation, allowed the identification of 4 patients with peristenotic intense spongiofibrosis, hypercongenital urethra, who underwent open urethroplastia. The urethra of another 3 patients showed normal echogenicity, but diminished elasticity, and were diagnosed as of moderate spongiofibrosis requiring extensive internal urethrotomy. We believe sonourethrography should become a procedure to be included as part of the routine pre-surgical investigation of the stenosis of the urethra due to its non-invasive nature, easiness to perform, and because it provides highly useful information which would allow a decreased number of re-stenosis following surgery of the urethral stenosis.