Symptom Persistence Following COVID-19 Infection among an Indigenous Community Residing in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Introduction/Objectives: Several studies have documented the development and persistence of symptoms related to COVID-19 and its secondary complications up to 12 months after the infection. We aimed to identify the medical complications following COVID-19 infection in the Indigenous Zapotec population of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study that included 90 Indigenous Zapotec participants (30 males and 60 females) from the Tehuantepec region, Oaxaca, Mexico, who had an infectious process due to SARS-CoV-2. Sociodemographic and clinical data were identified through questionnaires. Results: Among the 201 participants, 90 individuals (66.7% women, 33.3% men) had contracted COVID-19. Out of these, 61 individuals reported persistent symptoms post-infection, with a mean symptom duration of 13.87 months. The results show significant variations in symptom duration based on age, marital status, educational attainment, vaccination status, and blood group. The most commonly reported symptoms included a dry cough, fever, myalgia, fatigue, headache, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: This study highlights the post-COVID-19 symptoms and their prevalence within a specific sample of the Indigenous Zapotec population in Oaxaca, along with the sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing the duration of these symptoms. It underscores the necessity of personalized recovery strategies and highlights the critical role of vaccination in mitigating the long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2.

Preliminary Analysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles of Coffea arabica L., in Samples with a Denomination of Origin and Speciality of Oaxaca, Mexico.

In February 2020, Coffea arabica L. grown on the coast and in the Southern Sierra Madre of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico obtained the denomination of origin. Which does not have data on color and chemical composition, the first associated with the degree of roasting and the second with lipids (17-18%), as the group of compounds responsible, in part, for flavor, consistency, and may contribute to health benefits. In the present work, color was determined on the CIE L*a*b* scale and the unsaturated fatty acids by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of 1H and 13C in samples of medium roasted specialty coffee from the "Pluma" coffee-growing region, Oaxaca, Mexico. The average value of L* luminosity in ground coffee was 42.1 ± 0.1 reported for a light roast. Unsaturated fatty acids were quantified from the lipid fraction of the gr1 ound grain by NMR 1H and 13C, obtaining on average the highest abundance of linoleic (41.7 ± 0.5 by 1 H and 41.24 ± 0.5 by 13C), followed by oleic (9.2 ± 0.2 by 1H and 7.4 ± 0.2 by 13C) and linolenic (1.5 ± 0.1 by H and 1.1 ± 0.2 by 13C). This study indicates that 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for the quantification of linolenic, linoleic, and oleic fatty acids by the method of key signal shifts of these acids found in lipid samples in roasted coffee grains.

The Role of B Cell and T Cell Glycosylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.

Consumption of Vegetable Oils of Persea americana L., and Vitis vinifera L., as Part of Nutritional Support in Non-Communicable Diseases in the Population of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico: Pretest-Postest Intervention Study without Control.

Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, in addition to a poor diet loaded with simple carbohydrates and saturated fats. This was a trial with a randomized, analytical, longitudinal, and prospective quasi-experimental design, which was divided into 2 phases: the first with healthy subjects with an age range between 18 to 30 y and normal BMI (18.5-24.9). The second phase was subjected with familial hypercholesterolemia aged between 18 to 45 y and overweight (25-29.9). For those subjects who frequently consumed vegetable oil of both Vitis vinifera L., or Persea americana L. (10 mL), they presented a significant reduction in anthropometric measures and in biochemical variables such as capillary glucose and increased HDLc. The vegetable oils of Persea americana L., and Vitis vinifera L., can act as adjuvants for the treatment of noncommunicable diseases.

Genes relacionados con microftalmia y anoftalmia hereditarias.

Congenital eye malformations are the second most common cause of childhood blindness and are originated by disruption of the normal process of eye development during embryonic stage. Their etiology is variable, although monogenic causes are of great importance as they have a high risk of familial recurrence. Included among the most severe congenital eye abnormalities are microphthalmia, defined by an abnormally small eye, and anophthalmia, characterized by congenital absence of ocular structures. The currrent knowledge of the genes involved in human microphthalmia and anophthalmia in humans is revised in this work.

Molecules in seminal plasma related to platelets in preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Prostaglandins present in seminal fluid are actively involved in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle maintenance, reproduction, and inflammatory processes. Seminal plasma contains molecules, such as oxylipins, which possess cell signaling functions. Several studies have shown that specific molecules in seminal fluid can increase passive diffusion, and cause interactions in the female reproductive tract. This may provoke a cascade of cellular and molecular changes in general health and certain diseases. This study examines the hypothesis that the molecules in seminal fluid are involved in platelet activity. The molecules diffuse through cells and membranes, affecting Hoxa 10, binding ganglioside pathways, and acting over platelet function. When these molecules are at low levels, they may trigger prothrombotic states, explaining the pathophysiology of haemostatic response, such as preeclampsia, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

[Not Available]. / Intervención nutricional en un Grupo de Ayuda Mutua del municipio de "El Rosario", Oaxaca de Juárez, México.

Introducción: los grupos de ayuda mutua se forman con la finalidad de atender a adultos mayores con problemas crónicos-degenerativos. La organización y participación activa de los integrantes favorece la intervención del nutriólogo y, por ende, cambios en el estilo de vida de los participantes, sobrellevando de mejor manera sus vidas. Objetivo: intervenir nutricionalmente en individuos del Grupo de Ayuda Mutua del Centro de Salud C-2, "El Rosario" de Oaxaca de Juárez, México. Material y métodos: se trató de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico y longitudinal, llevado a cabo desde noviembre/2014 hasta julio/2015, evaluando el estado nutricional antes y después de la intervención, buscando la correlación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC), glucosa capilar, hemoglobina glicada con las consultas-talleres brindadas. Resultados: la muestra trabajada fue de 15 participantes del Grupo de Ayuda Mutua con un promedio de edad de 55,26 años, con un IMC de 28,74 kg/cm 2 , glucosa capilar de 218,66 mg/dl y una hemoglobina glicada de 10,43%. Al finalizar la intervención se correlacionaron entre sí mediante Spearman, dando como resultado el valor de 1, es decir, una correlación positiva perfecta. Conclusión: el nutriólogo juega hoy en día un papel importante en el hecho de atender enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, a través del seguimiento en consultas y talleres propuestos. Los grupos de ayuda mutua día a día se posicionan como una estrategia en la línea educativa para mejorar el control de las enfermedades.

Reduction of Platelet Aggregation From Ingestion of Oleic and Linoleic Acids Found in Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea Oils.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of seed oils from Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea in platelet aggregation. The initial hypothesis suggested that subjects who have consumed these seed oils undergo modified platelet aggregation. This study was performed using a pre-post test design, with a control group, and double blind. The effects of the consumption of grape seed and peanut oils were measured for platelet aggregation in clinical and laboratory tests in 30 healthy subjects. In addition to this group, a control group of 4 health subjects received no treatment with oils, just 500 mg oral administration acetylsalicylic acid for 7 days. Platelet aggregation was assessed by the Born turbidimetric method, using 3 different concentrations of adenosine diphosphate as agonists (2, 54; 1, 17; and 0, 58 µM). The study subjects had very similar results; both oils were shown to have a significant reduction in platelet aggregation. Grape seed oil showed a decrease of 8.4 ± 1% in aggregation, compared with peanut oil, which decreased aggregation by 10.4 ± 1%. The control group, taking 500 mg OD aspirin for 7 days, showed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation, similar to that of oil ingestion. Each of the oils was analyzed for fatty acids, to determine which particular acids were presents in greater levels, which could explain the reduction in platelet aggregation. The oil found to be most abundant in grape seeds was linoleic acid (omega-6), and in peanuts, it was oleic acid (omega-9). However, in fact, both acids reduced platelet aggregation. Consumption of plant oils from grape seeds and peanuts had a lowering effect on platelet aggregation, in addition to containing a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. However, omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids were not specifically responsible for the reductions mentioned above.