Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis

While there is a hereditary component to tori, this does not explain all cases. Tori tend to appear more frequentlyduring middle age of life; the torus palatinus is more commonly observed in females, but this is not the casewith the torus mandibularis. Certain ethnic groups are more prone to one torus or the other. The torus is mainlyremoved due to prostodontic reasons, as it may also be used as biomaterial, not only in periodontology, but alsoin implantology. The aim of this study was a review of the literature from the past twenty years (AU)

Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis.

While there is a hereditary component to tori, this does not explain all cases. Tori tend to appear more frequently during middle age of life; the torus palatinus is more commonly observed in females, but this is not the case with the torus mandibularis. Certain ethnic groups are more prone to one torus or the other. The torus is mainly removed due to prostodontic reasons, as it may also be used as biomaterial, not only in periodontology, but also in implantology. The aim of this study was a review of the literature from the past twenty years.

Resistance-driven selection of begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease.

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes severe damage to tomato crops worldwide. The deployment of host-plant resistance is the most desirable mean to control this disease. However, some concerns exist because it may place a selection pressure on the virus. Field and experimental data are provided which suggest that the use of TYLCD resistance in tomato crops might have contributed to the emergence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the TYLCD-associated virus population, a virus species that fits better in the resistant genotypes. Emergence of recombinant variants was observed during mixed infections of TYLCD-associated viruses in Ty-1 resistant plants, as already observed for susceptible tomatoes. Therefore, selection may be occurring for virus variants with novel genome combination to infect the resistant genotypes with this resistance gene.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Is a Dead-End Host for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

ABSTRACT Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) is one of the most devastating pathogens affecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. The disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, two of which, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), are responsible for epidemics in Southern Spain. TYLCV also has been reported to cause severe damage to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crops. Pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants collected from commercial crops were found to be infected by isolates of two TYLCV strains: TYLCV-Mld[ES01/99], an isolate of the mild strain similar to other TYLCVs isolated from tomato crops in Spain, and TYLCV-[Alm], an isolate of the more virulent TYLCV type strain, not previously reported in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, pepper, Nicotiana benthamiana, common bean, and tomato were tested for susceptibility to TYLCV-Mld[ES01/99]and TYLCV-[Alm] by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration, biolistic bombardment, or Bemisia tabaci inoculation. Results indicate that both strains are able to infect plants of these species, including pepper. This is the first time that infection of pepper plants with TYLCV clones has been shown. Implications of pepper infection for the epidemiology of TYLCV are discussed.