RESUMO
El tratamiento de la hipertrofia mamaria constituye, en la actualidad, una de las prácticas quirúrgicas más comunes del trabajo de los cirujanos plásticos. En estas pacientes, además de confirmarse una sintomatología física evidente, como es dolor de espalda y/o cuello, lesiones cutáneas y adormecimiento en las manos, las repercusiones estéticas asociadas condicionan una evaluación negativa de la autoimagen corporal que, junto a vivencias de ansiedad y depresión, producen diversos grados de malestar psicosocial. Es por esto que la mamoplastia de reducción, además de disminuir significativamente el volumen mamario, proporciona grandes beneficios, según todas las series revisadas, mejorando los síntomas físicos asociados a la macromastia y aumentando la calidad de vida, nivel de salud y autoestima de las pacientes (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Mamoplastia/psicologia , Mama/anormalidades , Transtornos Somatoformes/complicações , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Autoimagem , Nível de SaúdeRESUMO
The main objective of this study is to review the teaching of communication skills in Spain as part of the nursing curriculum. A survey was carried out to identify the practical and theoretical issues pertinent to this question. Forty Spanish Nursing Schools took part. Our survey discovered that communication skills are not generally considered in the selection process of the students because personal interviews are rarely used. Communication skills are taught in the first and second years, mainly in Fundamentals of Nursing and subjects related to Psychology and Mental Health. Nursing and psychology were the predominant professional background of the teachers. Lectures, discussion groups and workshops were the main teaching methods. The assessment, when it existed, was often theoretical and, occasionally, using a real patient or a written case report. The authors propose that the knowledge of the teaching situation in Spain is the starting point for any future projects on communication.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica/normas , Comunicação , Currículo , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Ensino/métodos , Humanos , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test for Somatization Disorder. We have designed a validity study using the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an instrument specifically designed to diagnose psychiatric morbidity in medical settings as the 'golden rule'. The control group displayed 'functional' and 'presenting' somatization. The Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test, with a threshold of three symptoms, shows 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity and a misclassification rate of 17%. It is concluded that Othmer and DeSouza's screening test, with a threshold of three symptoms, is a useful tool for the diagnosis of somatization disorder in medical and primary care settings in Spain. Discrepancies with US findings are discussed on a cross-cultural basis.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Programas de Rastreamento , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Somatoformes/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos Somatoformes/diagnóstico , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The cases previously described with tranylcipromine and phenelzine abuse have been reviewed and the main epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of them have been analyzed. The aim is to obtain a profile of the patients at risk to develop this kind of problem. In addition, several important questions and the most accepted pharmacological bases of this drugs' addiction are revised.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Monoaminoxidase/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Monoaminoxidase/uso terapêutico , Fenelzina/efeitos adversos , Fenelzina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologia , Tranilcipromina/efeitos adversos , Tranilcipromina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Throughout the history of Psychiatry, it is a well known fact the importance of sexuality in Anxiety Disorders. The authors study in a sample of 90 persons, 45 diagnosed as Panic Disorder and 45 controls, several aspects of psychosexuality and its correlationship with anxiety levels, measured by Zung Anxiety Scale and AMDP-AT Scale. The results show that Panic Disorder patients suffer, in a significative way, from a poor psychosexual adjustment, lower levels of satisfaction and higher feelings of guilt in relation to sexuality. There are also differences between Panic Disorder patients with and without agoraphobia.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Agorafobia/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Fourty-five patients diagnosed ad Panic Disorder and forty-five control patients are studied. Personality traits are assessed by Cattel's 16 PF. Test and several subscales derived from MMPI (dependence, repression, hypersensibility, etc.). Anxiety is measured by Zung's Anxiety Scale. Panic disorder patients show higher "dependence", "inferiority", "hypersensibility", low "ego strength", "parmia", "shrewdness", "self-sentiment integration" and high "ergic tension". In addition, male patients show significative differences in "affectothymia", "self-sufficiency", "self-sentiment integration" and "invia".
