RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La necesidad de estándares de calidad de los servicios farmacéuticos, para garantizar el uso seguro, responsable y efectivo del medicamento, ha hecho que a través de los años se produzcan una serie de cambios en los sistemas sanitarios. Existe además, una lucha para posicionar a la farmacia y a farmacéuticos como ejes potenciales para promulgar la protección de la salud. Fruto de estos cambios, se evidencian diferencias estructurales en los modelos de farmacia entre países desarrollados y países en vías de desarrollo. El presente estudio realiza un análisis comparativo del modelo de oficina farmacia entre los países de Ecuador y España, diferenciando las legislaciones alusivas al funcionamiento de las farmacias y comparando los modelos de oficina de farmacia. MÉTODO: Estudio comparativo basado en investigación documental, en lo referente a normativas y legislación de las farmacias comunitarias de Ecuador y España. RESULTADOS: En el presente trabajo se analizan la legislación vigente que regula la farmacia española y ecuatoriana, en referencia al establecimiento de nuevas farmacias, propiedad farmacéutica, prohibición de cadenas de farmacia, así como la calidad de la formación del farmacéutico comunitario. CONCLUSIONES: En países de Latinoamérica, como en el caso de Ecuador, la farmacia adopta un modelo más liberal, refiriendo a la desregularización de la apertura de nuevas farmacias, temas de propiedad, sistema de planificación territorial, así como la no presencia del profesional farmacéutico; dando lugar a un sistema con un fuerte enfoque comercial; incidiendo de esta forma sobre la función ideal que debe llevar a cabo la farmacia comunitaria
INTRODUCTION: The need for quality standards in pharmaceutical services, that provides a safety, responsible and effectiveness use of medication, has led several changes in health systems over the years. There is also a struggle to position the pharmacy and pharmaceutical professionals as potential axes to enact health care. As a result of these changes, there are structural differences in pharmacy models between developed and developing countries. The present study sets out to provide a comparative analysis of Ecuador and Spain pharmacy office model, differentiating legislations concerning the functioning of pharmacies and comparing the pharmacy office models. METHOD: Documentary based research and a comparative study, regarding regulations and legislation of community pharmacies in Ecuador and Spain. RESULTS: In this paper, the current legislation that regulates the Spanish and Ecuadorian pharmacy is analyzed, in reference to the establishment of new pharmacies, pharmaceutical ownership, prohibition of pharmacy chains, as well as the quality of the training of community pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS: In Latin American countries, as in the case of Ecuador, the pharmacy adopts a more liberal model, referring to the deregulation of the opening of new pharmacies, property issues, territorial planning system, as well as the non-presence of the professional pharmacist; resulting in a system with a strong commercial focus; thus emphasizing the ideal role to be played by the community pharmacy
Assuntos
Humanos , Farmácias/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/legislação & jurisprudência , Farmácias/normas , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/normas , Regulamentação Governamental , Equador , Espanha , Comercialização de ProdutosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: El conocimiento que tiene el paciente sobre su medicación antidiabética (CPMA) influye en la adherencia al tratamiento. Por eso es necesario cuantificarlo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las distintas formas en que se ha medido el CPMA MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos de Medline, Escopus, Cinahl y Psycinfo. Se utilizó como guía las recomendaciones PRISMA para realizar esta revisión. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 3 artículo. Dos de ellos utilizaban cuestionarios para medir el CPMA y el otro utilizó una demostración práctica por parte del paciente. CONCLUSIONES: Ninguna de las formas de medición del CPMA aporto datos de validez y fiabilidad. Es necesario definir el CMPA consensuado a nivel internacional y diseñar una herramienta de medida valida y fiable basada en esta definición
INTRODUCTION: The patient's knowledge about the antidiabetic medication (PKAM) influences medication adherence. That is why it is necessary to quantify it. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify the different ways in which PKAM has been measured. METHOD: A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Cinahl and Psycinfo databases. The PRISMA recommendations were used to perform this review. RESULTS: 3 articles were included. Two of them used questionnaires to measure PKAM and the other used a practical demonstration by the patient. CONCLUSIONS: None of the PKAM measurement methods provided validity and reliability data. It is nec-essary to define the PKAM agreed at an international level and design a valid and reliable measurement tool based on this definition
Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimento do Paciente sobre a Medicação/normas , Hipoglicemiantes/normas , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
When home blood pressure (HBP) measurements are taken, the readings can be registered manually by the patient and/or stored in the device's memory. The instructions provided by healthcare professionals would be particularly relevant to guarantee the reliability of manual blood pressure (BP) figures and enhance clinical decision making. The aim of this study is assess the agreement between HBP measurements manually registered by patients and those stored in the device's memory after an educational session provided by community pharmacists. Secondary data of the MEPAFAR and the Palmera studies have been used in this analysis. All the (treated hypertensive) patients attended an individual educational session in which they were instructed on how to use the measurement device and properly measure and manually register HBP. The same device and HBP monitoring protocol were used in both studies: 4 consecutive days (three morning measurements and three in the evening). HBP measurements were both manually registered by patients and stored in the device's memory. To evaluate the agreement between BP figures, Lin's correlation-concordance coefficient and κ coefficient were used for quantitative and qualitative agreement, respectively. One hundred and sixty-sixty patients were included in this analysis. The agreement between the average manual and the stored HBP was very good [systolic=0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-0.99; diastolic=0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00]. 99.4% of patients were classified in the same category by both alternatives [κ index=0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00)]. In this sample of treated hypertensive patients, the agreement between manually registered and stored BP figures was very good. This high concordance may be explained by the pharmacist's intervention.
