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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220164

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer la situación actual en España, tanto a nivel del Ministerio de Sanidad como de las comunidades autónomas, respecto a las políticas sobre seguridad del paciente y lesiones por presión a disposición de los profesionales sanitarios y de los pacientes, publicadas en páginas web institucionales. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de las páginas web, tanto del Ministerio de Sanidad como de las diferentes consejerías de sanidad de las comunidades autónomas de España. Resultados: En todas las comunidades autónomas, excepto en una, se hace referencia a las lesiones por presión como un problema de seguridad del paciente. En los planes desarrollados o adaptadospor la comunidad autónoma en materia de seguridad del paciente son pocas las comunidades que en sus guías y protocolos hacen referencia a indicadores específicos sobre lesiones por presión. Tanto en la estrategia del Ministerio de Sanidad como en la mayoría de estrategias de cada comunidad autónoma, se involucra a pacientes y familiares en la seguridad del paciente. Todas las comunidades autónomas tienen sistemas de notificación de eventos adversos. Conclusiones: Se observa una clara declaración de intenciones por parte de los responsables de calidad y de seguridad del paciente, pero sin la existencia de protocolosespecíficos, actualizados y adaptados a los contextos en los que se desarrollan, y sin unos indicadores que permitan medir los resultados (Au)


Objectives: To ascertain the current situation in Spain, both at the level of the Ministry of Health and the autonomous communities, with regard to the policies on patient safety and pressure injuries available to healthcare professionals and patients published on institutional websites. Methodology: Systematic Review of the websites of both the Ministry of Health and the different departments of health of the autonomous communities of Spain. Results: In all the Autonomous Communities, except one, reference is made to pressure injuries as a patient safety problem. In the plans developed or adapted by the Autonomous Community in the field of patient safety, few communities refer to specific indicators on pressure injuries in their guidelines and protocols. Both the strategy of the Ministry of Health and the majority of the strategies of each autonomous community involve patients and relatives in patient safety. All autonomous communities have adverse event reporting systems. Conclusions:There is a clear declaration of intentions on the part of those responsible for quality and patient safety, but without the existence of specific protocols, updated and adapted to the contexts in which they are developed, and without indicators which allow the results to be measured (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Política Informada por Evidências , Política de Saúde , Úlcera por Pressão , Portais do Paciente , Acesso à Internet , Segurança do Paciente , Espanha
2.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 250-259, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229000

RESUMO

Objetivos: Obtener indicadores epidemiológicos actualizados paralas lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia en unidades dehospitalización de adultos de hospitales españoles, tanto globales comoajustados. Analizar las características demográficas y clínicas de laspersonas con lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia, y de laslesiones. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, tipo encuestaepidemiológica (6.º Estudio Nacional de Prevalencia), dirigido a todos loshospitales de España. Recogida de datos mediante formulario seguro online.Variables: características de los hospitales y de las unidades, pacientesingresados, pacientes con cada tipo de lesiones cutáneas relacionadascon la dependencia, clasificación de las lesiones. Se estimó la prevalenciacruda global y ajustada por hospitales y por tipo de unidades. Resultados:Participaron 470 unidades de hospitalización de adultos pertenecientesa 67 hospitales de todo el territorio nacional. La prevalencia global delesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia fue del 8,4%. Segúnel tipo de lesiones, las prevalencias fueron: lesiones por presión 7,7%;combinadas 0,9%; humedad 1,5%; por fricción 0,9%, y desgarros 0,8%.Los hospitales pequeños, de menos de 200 camas, son los que presentanprevalencias mayores. Las unidades con prevalencias más altas fueron:cuidados paliativos (24,2%), UCI (21,5%) y unidades posquirúrgicas y dereanimación (14,8%). La mayoría de las lesiones son de origen nosocomial(80%), producidas en el mismo o en otro hospital. Siguen faltando laimplementación de medidas preventivas en los centros y la dotación derecursos de prevención. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de lesiones cutáneasrelacionadas con la dependencia se mantiene en cifras similares a la deestudios anteriores en hospitales españoles, con gran variabilidad en función del tamaño del centro y las unidades en las que ingresa el paciente. (AU)


Objectives: To obtain updated epidemiological indicators fordependence-related skin lesions (DSRL) in adult inpatientunits of Spanish hospitals, both global and adjusted. Toanalyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of personswith DRSLs and lesions. Methodology: Observational,cross-sectional, epidemiological survey-type study (6thNational Prevalence Study), aimed at all hospitals in Spain.Data collection by means of a secure online form. Variables:characteristics of hospitals and units, patients admitted,patients with each type of DRSL, classification of lesions.Overall and adjusted crude prevalence was estimated byhospital and by type of unit. Results: A total of 470 adultinpatient units from 67 hospitals nationwide participated.The overall prevalence of DRSL was 8.4%. According totype of injury, the prevalences were: pressure injuries 7.7%;combined injuries 1.5%; moisture 1.4%; friction 0.9%; andtears 0.8%. Small hospitals with less than 200 beds haveshigher prevalence. The units with the highest prevalencewere: palliative care (24.2%), ICU (21.5%), and post-surgicaland resuscitation units (14.8%). Most of the injuries are ofnosocomial origin (80%), produced in this or other hospitals.The implementation of preventive measures in the centresand the provision of resources are still lacking. Conclusions:The prevalence of DRSL remains similar to that of previousstudies in Spanish hospitals, with great variability dependingon the size of the centre and the units to which the patient isadmitted. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Avulsões Cutâneas , Prevalência , Hospitais , Fricção , Umidade
3.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 260-268, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229001

RESUMO

Objetivos: Obtener indicadores epidemiológicos actualizados para laslesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia en centros de atenciónprimaria de salud españoles, tanto globales como ajustados. Analizarlas características demográficas y clínicas de las personas con lesionescutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia y de las lesiones. Metodología:Estudio observacional, transversal, tipo encuesta epidemiológica (6.ºEstudio Nacional de Prevalencia), dirigido a todos los centros deatención primaria de salud en España. Recogida de datos medianteformulario seguro online. Variables: características de los centros deatención primaria, población total, población mayor de 65 años ypoblación en programas de atención domiciliaria, pacientes con cadatipo de lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia, clasificaciónde las lesiones. Se estimó la prevalencia cruda global poblacional yajustada en mayores de 65 años y en personas en programas de atencióndomiciliaria. Resultados: Se han obtenido datos de una población de1.754.228 personas atendidas en 131 centros de atención primaria desalud españoles. La prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas relacionadas conla dependencia en las personas en pacientes atendidos en programasde atención domiciliaria (ATDOM) fue del 5,82%. Solo un 7,7% delos centros declararon no tener ninguna persona con lesiones cutáneasrelacionadas con la dependencia atendida en el momento de obtenerlos datos. La prevalencia casi se duplica en los centros rurales (7,1%)y mixtos (6,0%) respecto a los centros urbanos (3,9%). Las lesiones seoriginaron en el mismo domicilio del paciente en un 79,8% de los casos,y solo un 18,7% se originaron durante el ingreso del paciente en unainstitución. (AU)


Objectives: To obtain updated epidemiological indicatorsfor dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in SpanishPrimary Health Care (PHC) centres, both global andadjusted. To analyse the demographic and clinicalcharacteristics of people with DRSL and lesions. and thelesions. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional,epidemiological survey-type study (6th NationalPrevalence Study), aimed at all PHC centres in Spain. Datacollection by means of a secure on-line form. Variables:characteristics of primary care centres, total population,population over 65 years of age and population in homecare programmes, patients with each type of DRSL,classification of lesions. We estimated the overall crudeprevalence in the population and adjusted prevalence,in people over 65 years of age and in people in homecare programmes. Results: Data were obtained from apopulation of 1,754,228 people cared for in Spanish PHCcentres in 131 centres. The prevalence of DRSL in personsin patients attended in home care programmes (HCP) was5.82%. Only 7.7% of the centres reported not having anypersons with DRSL in care at the time of data collection.The prevalence almost doubles in rural (7.1%) and mixed(6.0%) centres compared to urban centres (3.9%). Injuriesoriginated in the patient’s own home in 79.8% of cases,and only 18.7% originated during the patient’s admissionto an institution. The profile is that of an 83-year-oldwoman with mixed incontinence and using a staticmattress surface. Conclusions: The prevalence of primary care DRSL in Spain remains similar to previous studies,with great variability depending on the location of thecentre. Four out of 5 lesions develop in the patient’shome. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Visita Domiciliar , Avulsões Cutâneas , Prevalência , Fricção , Umidade
4.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 269-276, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229002

RESUMO

Objetivos: Obtener las cifras de prevalencia de las lesiones cutáneasrelacionadas con la dependencia en centros residenciales para mayores ycentros sociosanitarios españoles. Analizar las características demográficasy clínicas de las personas con lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con ladependencia y de las lesiones. Metodología: Estudio observacional,transversal, tipo encuesta epidemiológica (6.º Estudio Nacional dePrevalencia), dirigido a todas las residencias y centros sociosanitariosde España. Recogida de datos mediante formulario seguro online.Variables: características de los hospitales y de las unidades, pacientesingresados, pacientes con cada tipo de lesiones cutáneas relacionadascon la dependencia, clasificación de las lesiones. Se estimó la prevalenciacruda global y ajustada por hospitales y por tipo de unidades. Resultados:Se han obtenido datos de 74 centros sociosanitarios y residencias demayores. Solo un 9,5% de los centros declararon no tener ningunapersona con lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia atendidaen el momento de obtener los datos. La prevalencia global de lesionescutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia fue del 9,28% (IC95%,5,45-6,71), un 3% más que en el anterior. Las cifras de prevalencia decada tipo de lesión fueron: presión, 6,05%; humedad, 2,35%; fricción,1,35%; desgarros cutáneos, 2,38%, y combinadas, 0,61%. Esto suponeun incremento en todas las lesiones menos las combinadas. La prevalenciade todas las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia fue mayoren los centros públicos que en los concertados y privados. En un 85,2%,las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia eran de origennosocomial (originadas en la residencia u otra institución residencial)y solo un 10,9% se originaron en los domicilios. (AU)


Objectives: To obtain the prevalence figures ofdependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in Spanish nursinghomes and long term care centres (NH-LTCC). To analysethe demographic and clinical characteristics of peoplewith DRSL and lesions. Methodology: Observational,cross-sectional, epidemiological survey-type study (6thNational Prevalence Study), aimed at all NHC-LTCC inSpain. Data collection by means of a secure on-line form.Variables: characteristics of hospitals and units, patientsadmitted, patients with each type of DRSL, classificationof lesions. Overall and adjusted crude prevalence wasestimated by hospital and by type of unit. Results: Datawere obtained from 74 NHC-LTCC. Only 9.5% of thecentres reported not having any person with DRSL in theircare at the time of data collection. The overall prevalenceof DRSL was 9.28% (95%IC, 5.45-6.71); 3% higher thanin the previous study. The prevalence figures for each typeof injury were: pressure 6.05%, moisture 2.35%, friction1.35%, skin tears 2.38%. combined 0.61%. Thisrepresents an increase in all but combined injuries. Theprevalence of all DRSLs was higher in the public centresthan in the state and private centres. The 85.2% ofthe DRSLs were of nosocomial origin (originating in anursing home or other residential institution) and only10.9% originated at home. Conclusions: The prevalenceof DRSL in nursing homes is among the highest in thistype of centre in the historical series of studies carriedout in Spain by the GNEAUPP. This higher prevalencecould be explained by the situation in which many havebeen left after the COVID pandemic and a relaxation in the prevention programmes implemented. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Avulsões Cutâneas , Prevalência , Fricção , Umidade , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Atenção Primária à Saúde
5.
J Nurs Manag ; 30(1): 135-143, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34498335

RESUMO

AIM: To describe nurses and ward managers' experiences with nursing leadership in the implementation of evidence-based practice. BACKGROUND: The implementation of evidence-based practice requires to identify the most suitable styles of nursing leadership for the successful application. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive study. METHODS: The study was carried out with 57 nurses (clinical nurses and ward managers) in eight focus groups from five public hospitals. Template analysis, using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, was used. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guide was followed in planning and reporting this research. RESULTS: Three types of nursing leadership were identified: traditional leadership, medium leadership and transformational leadership. Traditional leadership was the most frequent, with a predominance of bureaucratic tasks for ward managers, so implementation of evidence-based practice is difficult. CONCLUSION: Nurses do not feel empowered and they perceive the changes as an imposition. In the absence of strong leadership for evidence-based practice, a natural leader emerges. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Clinical nurses demand more empowerment for decision-making, and ward managers need clarity of roles. To create an environment favourable to evidence-based practice, it is necessary consider the role of the transformational leader.


Assuntos
Liderança , Enfermeiros Administradores , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33361093

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe and compare symptoms, care needs and types of diagnoses in hospitalised patients with palliative care needs in Spain and Sweden. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out at two hospitals in both Spain and Sweden. Using a questionnaire, we performed 154 one-day inventories (n=4213) in Spain and 139 in Sweden (n=3356) to register symptoms, care needs and diagnoses. Descriptive analyses were used. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with care needs in the two countries differed (Spain 7.7% vs Sweden 12.4%, p<0.001); however, the percentage of patients with cancer and non-cancer patients was similar. The most prevalent symptoms in cancer and non-cancer patients in both countries were deterioration, pain, fatigue and infection. The most common cancer diagnosis in both countries was lung cancer, although it was more common in Spain (p<0.01), whereas prostate cancer was more common among Swedish men (p<0.001). Congestive heart failure (p<0.001) was a predominant non-cancer diagnosis in Sweden, whereas in Spain, the most frequent diagnosis was dementia (p<0.001). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was common in both countries, although its frequency was higher in Spain (p<0.05). In total, patients with cancer had higher frequencies of pain (p<0.001) and nausea (p<0.001), whereas non-cancer patients had higher frequencies of deterioration (p<0.001) and infections (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The similarities in symptoms among the patients indicate that the main focus in care should be on patient care needs rather than diagnoses. Integrating palliative care in hospitals and increasing healthcare professional competency can result in providing optimal palliative care.

7.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 31(3): 180-192, sept. 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197354

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Describir la incidencia de lesiones por presión (LPP) en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en unidades de críticos, así como diferentes variables relacionadas con la metodología de su cálculo. INTRODUCCIÓN: Las LPP constituyen un serio problema de salud con importantes repercusiones en los pacientes que las sufren. Las UCI pediátricas (UCIP) y neonatales (UCIN) atienden a pacientes en alto riesgo para el desarrollo de LPP. Existen pocos datos sistematizados acerca de la incidencia y variables definitorias de LPP en UCIP y UCIN. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016, que incluía artículos que reportaban datos sobre incidencia en UCIP o UCIN. Se han incluido trabajos que notifican datos sobre LPP relacionadas con el apoyo, con o sin lesiones relacionadas con dispositivos sanitarios; se han excluido los artículos que incluían exclusivamente datos de lesiones relacionadas con dispositivos sanitarios. RESULTADOS: La revisión sistemática ha permitido identificar 27 artículos con un total de 53 reportes de incidencia con información sobre 15 587 pacientes. En el caso de las UCIP, la mediana de la incidencia de lesiones por presión es del 19,4% en los trabajos prospectivos que no incluyen de manera implícita lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos sanitarios y del 16,97% en los que incluyen a la vez lesiones relacionadas con dispositivos sanitarios y lesiones por presión por apoyo de los pacientes. En el caso de las UCIN encontramos unos valores del 3,9% y del 23,58%. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del presente trabajo permiten definir el alcance de la incidencia de las LPP en pacientes críticos pediátricos y resaltan aspectos relacionados con la metodología utilizada para su cálculo


AIMS: To describe the incidence and main characteristics of pressure injuries in pediatric patients in intensive care units and some variables related to the methodology for pressure injury incidence calculation. BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries (PI) represent a serious health problem with major consequences for the patients affected. Neonatal and pediatric ICU (NICU) (PICU) care for patients at high risk of developing pressure injuries. There is a paucity of systematic data on the incidence and defining variables of injuries in PICU and NICU. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016, including articles reporting data on the incidence of these injuries in PICU or NICU. We included studies reporting data on pressure injuries related to position, with or without injuries related to medical devices; we excluded studies which only reported data on pressure injuries related to medical devices. FINDINGS: We identified 27 articles with a total of 53 reports on incidence and information on 15,587 patients. In the case of PICU, the mean incidence of PI was 19.4% in prospective studies that did not implicitly include PI related to medical devices, and 16.97% in those which included pressure injuries related both to medical devices and position. For NICU, we found values of 3.9% and 23.58% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study shed light on the incidence of pressure injuries in pediatric intensive care patients and highlight aspects related to the methodology used for the calculation of PI incidence


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Críticos , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/organização & administração
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31817315

RESUMO

People with Alzheimer's disease often live in nursing homes. Updated knowledge among the nursing staff has led to better quality of care. The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about the care of people with Alzheimer's disease of the nursing staff of nursing homes in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 nursing homes in the province of Jaén (Spain) with a sample of 361 members of staff, i.e., registered nurses (RNs), assistant nurses (ANs), and eldercare workers (EWs). The University of Jaén UJA-Alzheimer's Care Scale was used to measure the knowledge. The knowledge was higher among the RNs (83.3% of the maximum) than among the ANs and EWs (71.6%). Work experience and updated training were associated with the knowledge score in RNs, but only the updated training in ANs and EWs. Nursing homes with less experienced nursing staff and with a small proportion of staff receiving training on dementia have a low knowledge score. The nursing staff of nursing homes in Jaén have medium to high knowledge about Alzheimer's care. There is a wide range of variation in the knowledge score among the nursing homes. Up-to-date staff training in dementia care is the factor with the strongest association with knowledge.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/enfermagem , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Casas de Saúde , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem/psicologia , Sucesso Acadêmico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Capacitação em Serviço , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha
9.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 30(4): 192-199, dic. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188208

RESUMO

Objetivos: Obtener las cifras de prevalencia de las lesiones por presión (LPP) y otros tipos de lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia (LCRD) en centros residenciales para mayores y centros sociosanitarios (CSS) españoles. Analizar las características demográficas y clínicas de las personas con LCRD y de las lesiones. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, tipo encuesta epidemiológica (5º Estudio Nacional de Prevalencia), dirigido a residencias de mayores y CSS en España. Recogida de datos entre noviembre y diciembre de 2017 mediante formulario seguro on-line. Variables: características de los centros, número de pacientes con cada tipo de LCRD, medidas de prevención, clasificación de cada lesión, tamaño y tiempo de evolución. Se calculó la prevalencia cruda y su intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se han obtenido datos de 43 CSS y residencias de mayores de 6 comunidades autónomas españolas. Solo un 7% de los centros declararon no tener ninguna persona con LCRD atendida en el momento de obtener los datos. La prevalencia global de LCRD fue del 6,24% (IC 95% 5,51-7,07%), y la de cada tipo de lesión: presión, 4,03%; humedad, 2,19%; fricción, 0,80%; combinadas, 1,01%, y desgarros cutáneos, 1,31%. Para las LPP, la prevalencia fue mayor en centros concertados (8,12%) y privados (4,40%) que en los centros públicos (2,96%). No hay diferencias entre tipos de centros para las otras lesiones. Las LCRD eran de origen nosocomial (originadas en instituciones residenciales u hospitales) en el 92,4% de los casos y solo un 7,6% se originaron en los domicilios. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de LCRD en residencias de mayores y CSS es la más baja en este tipo de centros en la serie histórica de estudios realizado en España por el GNEAUPP. Debido a la menor participación de centros en el estudio, esta menor prevalencia podría explicarse por mayor representación de centros más motivados en la prevención de LCRD, pero también por una mejora en los programas de prevención implementados. Hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la prevalencia de LCRD en función de la titularidad de los centros, siendo las más bajas en los públicos y las más elevadas en los concertados. El perfil, los tipos de lesiones, severidad y localización de las LCRD son similares a las descritas en atención primaria de salud y hospitales


Aims: To obtain figures on the prevalence of pressure injuries (PI) and other types of dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in Spanish nursing homes and residential care centres. To analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of people with DRSL and the characteristics of the lesions. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, epidemiological study through a survey (5th National Prevalence Study), aimed at nursing homes and residential centres in Spain. Data collection between November and December 2017 using a secure on-line form. Variables: characteristics of the centres, number of patients with each type of DRSL, prevention measures, classification of each lesion, size and time of evolution. The crude prevalence and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: 43 nursing home and residential care centres participated, from 6 Spanish autonomous communities. Only 7% of the centres stated that they did not have any person with DRSL attended at the time of collecting the data. The overall prevalence of LCRD was 6.24% (95%CI: 5.51 7.07%) and that of each type of lesion: pressure 4.03%, humidity 2.19%, friction 0.80%, combined 1.01% and skin tears 1.31%. For PI, the prevalence was higher in subsidised (8.12%) and private (4.40%) centres than in public (2.96%) ones. There are no differences between types of centres for the other injuries. DRSL were of nosocomial origin (originating in residential institutions or hospitals) in 92.4% of cases and only 7.6% originated at home. Conclusions: The prevalence of DRSL in nursing homes and residential centres is the lowest in this type of settings in the historical series of studies carried out in Spain by GNEAUPP. Due to the fact that the participation of centres has been much lower than that of previous studies, this lower prevalence could be explained by a higher representation in the sample of those centres more motivated toward DRSL prevention; but also by an improvement in preventive programmes. There are statistically significant differences between the prevalence of SLRD according to the funding of the centres, with the lowest in the public centres and the highest in the subsidised centres. The profile, types of injuries, severity and location of the DRSL are similar to those described in primary care or hospitals


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pele/lesões , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Casas de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Cicatrização , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Intervalos de Confiança
10.
Int Wound J ; 16(6): 1314-1322, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31475465

RESUMO

This non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised, controlled, and double-blinded clinical trial compared the therapeutic effectiveness of the topical application of an olive oil solution with that of a hyperoxygenated fatty acid compound for the prevention of pressure ulcers in at-risk nursing home residents. The study population comprised 571 residents of 23 nursing homes with pressure ulcer risk, randomly assigned to a hyperoxygenated fatty acid group (n = 288) or olive oil solution group (n = 283). Both solutions were applied on at-risk skin areas every 12 hours for 30 days or until pressure ulcer onset. The main outcome variable was the pressure ulcer incidence. The absolute risk difference was estimated (with 95% CI) using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression curves. The groups did not significantly differ in any study variable at baseline. The pressure ulcer incidence was 4.18% in the olive oil group vs 6.57% in the control group, with an incidence difference of -2.39% (95% CI = -6.40 to 1.56%), which is within the pre-established non-inferiority margin of ±7%, thus supporting the study hypothesis. We present the first evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the topical application of olive oil to prevent pressure ulcers in the institutionalised elderly.


Assuntos
Azeite de Oliva/administração & dosagem , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Administração Tópica , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Método Duplo-Cego , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Espanha
11.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 30(3): 134-141, sept. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185321

RESUMO

Objetivos: Obtener indicadores epidemiológicos actualizados para las lesiones por presión (LPP) y otras lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia (LCRD) en centros de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) españoles, tanto globales como ajustados. Analizar las características demográficas y clínicas de las personas con LCRD y de las lesiones. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, tipo encuesta epidemiológica (5º Estudio Nacional de Prevalencia) (ENP), dirigido a centros de APS. Recogida de datos mediante formulario en línea seguro. Variables: características de los centros, número de pacientes con cada tipo de LCRD, clasificación de cada lesión, tamaño y tiempo de evolución. Se calcularon tres valores de prevalencia: prevalencia cruda poblacional, en mayores de 65 años y en personas en programas de atención domiciliaria. Resultados: Se han obtenido datos de una población de casi 763.000 personas atendidas en 98 centros de APS españoles. Un 14,3% de los centros declararon no tener ninguna persona con LCRD atendida en el momento de obtener los datos. En el grupo de personas en programas de atención domiciliaria (ATDOM), la prevalencia de LCRD fue del 6,11%. Según tipo de lesiones fueron: presión, 4,79%; humedad, 1,39%; fricción, 1,81%; combinadas, 1,05%, y desgarros cutáneos, 1,05%. Las lesiones se originaron en el mismo domicilio del paciente en un 83,3% de los casos, y solo un 16,7% eran de origen nosocomial. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de LCRD en pacientes atendidos en programas de ATDOM fue del 6,11%, siendo las LPP las lesiones más frecuentes, con un 4,79% de prevalencia (cifras similares a las del 3er ENP y suponen un ligero descenso sobre las encontradas en el 4º ENP). Tanto las LPP como el resto de LCRD son mayoritariamente producidas en el domicilio, a diferencia de la situación en hospitales en los que predominan las de origen nosocomial. La prevención de las LCRD en personas atendidas en ATDOM debe ser una prioridad


Aims: To obtain updated, global and adjusted epidemiological indicators for pressure injuries (PI) and others dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in Spanish primary healthcare (PHC) centres. To describe the clinical features of both people with DRSL and the lesions. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study through a survey (5th National Prevalence Study), aimed to PHC in Spain. Data collected through a secure on-line form. Variables: characteristics of the centres, number of patients with each type of DRSL, classification of each lesion, size and time of evolution. Three prevalence values were calculated: crude population prevalence; in people over 65 years of age; and in people in home care programs (HCP). Results: Data have been obtained for a population of almost 763,000 people attended at Spanish PHC in 98 centers. 14.3% of the centres stated that they did not have any person with DRSL attended at the time of obtaining the data. In the group of persons in home care programmes, the prevalence of DRSL was 6.11%. According to the type of lesions: pressure 4.79%, moistureassociated lesions (MAL) 1.39%, friction 1.81%, combined 1.05% and skin tears 1.05%. The lesions originated in the patient's own home in 83.3% of cases, and only 16.7% were of nosocomial origin. Conclusions: The prevalence of DRSL in patients treated in was 6.11%, with PI being the most frequent lesion. Prevalence value is similar to that found in 2009 and slightly lesser than that of 2014. Both the PI and others DRSL are mostly developed in the home, unlike the situation in hospitals, where hospital-acquired injuries are predominant. So, prevention of DRSL in people in home care programmes should be a priority


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pele/lesões , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Enfermagem Primária , Úlcera por Pressão/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Dados , Medição de Risco
12.
Index enferm ; 28(3): 147-151, jul.-sept. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192671

RESUMO

En el contexto sociodemográfico y económico en el que nos encontramos, es necesario que los sistemas sanitarios, potencien la promoción y prevención de la salud e implementen nuevas estrategias para atender a la población. En España se aprecia un importante déficit de enfermeras, con respecto a los países de nuestro entorno. Este déficit implica un aumento de la ratio enfermera-paciente, lo que conlleva un incremento de la morbi-mortalidad de la población y un aumento de costes. Los objetivos de este estudio son conocer la distribución de enfermeras en España en entornos de pacientes agudos y analizar las necesidades por provincias, así como compararlo con las ratios de seguridad recomendadas por organismos oficiales. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico durante 2016. Del análisis de los datos se desprende que la media de pacientes por enfermera y turno es elevada en unidades de agudos polivalentes, situación que se agrava en los turnos de noche, fines de semana y festivos. Y por lo tanto ninguna Comunidad Autónoma cumple en todos los turnos de trabajo las ratios recomendadas. En las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, en todas las Comunidades Autónomas, en todos los turnos, están por encima de dos pacientes por enfermera por lo que tampoco se sitúan en estándares recomendados. Es necesario, junto con un cambio de modelo sanitario, incorporar enfermeras al sistema nacional de salud, ya que esto aportara retornos económicos, sociales y de salud


In the socio-demographic and economic context in which we are, it is necessary that the health systems empower health promotion and prevention and implement new strategies to assist the population. In Spain there is a significant deficit in nurses with respect to other countries of our surroundings. This deficit implies an increase in the ratio patient-nurse, which leads to an increase in the morbi-mortality of the population and an increase of the costs. The objectives of this study are to know the distribution of nurses in Spain in acute patient settings and to analyze the needs provinces, as well as to compare it with the safety ratios recommended by official bodies. To this end, a multicentric cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during 2016. From the analysis of the data it is discovered that both at the level of the province and Autonomous Community, the average number of patients per nurse and shift is high in acute polyvalent care units, a situation that gets worse in night shifts, weekends and holidays. Therefore, no Autonomous Community fulfills the recommended ratios in all shifts. In Intensive Care Units, in all Autonomous Communities, in all shifts, they are above two patients per nurse, so they are not placed within the recommended standards either. It is necessary, together with a change of the health model, to incorporate nurses into the national health system, since this will provide economic, social and health returns


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Críticos/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/provisão & distribuição , Espanha , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/organização & administração , Estudos Transversais , Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração
13.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 76-86, jun. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183946

RESUMO

Objetivo: Obtener indicadores epidemiológicos actualizados para las lesiones por presión (LPP) y otras lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia (LCRD) en unidades de hospitalización de adultos de hospitales españoles, tanto globales como ajustados. Analizar las características demográficas y clínicas de las personas con LCRD y de las lesiones. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, tipo encuesta epidemiológica (5º Estudio Nacional de Prevalencia), dirigido a todos los hospitales en España. Recogida de datos mediante formulario seguro online. Variables: características de los hospitales y de las unidades, pacientes ingresados, pacientes con cada tipo de LCRD, clasificación de cada lesión, tamaño y tiempo de evolución. Se estimó la prevalencia bruta global y ajustada por hospitales y por tipo de unidades. Resultados: Participaron 554 unidades de hospitalización de adultos pertenecientes a 70 hospitales de todo el territorio nacional. La prevalencia global de LCRD fue del 8,7%. Según tipo de lesiones, las prevalencias fueron: lesiones por presión (LPP) 7,0%; por humedad 1,4%; por fricción 0,9%; combinadas 1,5%; laceraciones 0,9%. Para las LPP, las unidades con prevalencias más altas fueron: cuidados paliativos (16,7%), UCI (14,9%) y unidades posquirúrgicas y reanimación (14,0%). La mayoría de las lesiones son de origen nosocomial (p. ej., el 72,2% de las LPP), producidas en hospitales o residencias de mayores. Se ha encontrado alta variabilidad en la prevalencia de LCRD y de LPP tanto a nivel de hospitales como de unidades de hospitalización. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de LPP es similar a la de estudios anteriores en hospitales españoles. Por primera vez se han obtenido datos de prevalencia de otros tipos de LCRD. Puesto que la mayoría de las lesiones son producidas en los propios hospitales y otras instituciones, como residencias de mayores, se evidencia la necesidad de mejorar la prevención de las LCRD en estos entornos


Aims: To obtain updated epidemiological indicators for pressure injuries (PI) and other dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) at adult hospitalization units of Spanish hospitals, both global and adjusted. To analyse both the demographic and clinical characteristics of people with DRSL and the characteristics of the lesions. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, as an epidemiological survey (5th National Prevalence Study), focused to all the hospitals in Spain. Data were collected by an on-line secure form. Variables: characteristics of the hospitals and the units, number of patients admitted, number of patients with each type of DRSL, lesions classification, size and time. The crude prevalence was calculated, both overall and adjusted by hospitals and units. Results: In this study have participated 554 units from 70 Spanish hospitals. Overall, the prevalence for DRSL of any kind, was 8,7%. By type of lesion, the prevalence was: pressure injuries (PI), 7,0%; moisture associated lesions, 1,4%; friction, 0,9%; combined lesions, 1,5%; and skin tears, 0,9%. For PI, the units with highest prevalence were: palliative care (16,7%), intensive care (14,9%) and post-surgery and reanimation units (14,0%). Most of the lesions were nosocomial (e.g. 72,2% of the PI), that is, produced at hospitals or nursing homes. This study has shown a high variability in the figures of prevalence of DRSL and PI, both at hospitals and units levels. Conclusions: The prevalence of PI is similar to that of previous studies at Spanish hospitals. This is the first time that the prevalence of other types of DRSL has been calculated. Since most of the dependence-related skin lesions were produced inside the hospitals and other facilities, such nursing homes, there is a need to improve the prevention of these lesions in these settings


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Úlcera Cutânea/epidemiologia , Úlcera Cutânea/classificação , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Lacerações/epidemiologia
14.
J Nurs Manag ; 26(6): 744-756, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29656490

RESUMO

AIM: To adapt the Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale to the Spanish context and to test its validity and reliability. BACKGROUND: Currently, in Spain there are no validated scales to evaluate the risk of pressure ulcers in infants. METHOD: The research was performed in 10 neonatal units. Overall, we use an observational study design, but divided it in to three stages. In the first stage, the transcultural adaptation of the scale and its content validation was performed. For the second stage, the inter-rater/intra-rater agreement and construct validity were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Finally, in the third stage, a cohort study to analyse pressure ulcers' incidence, diagnostic tests and the cut-off points of the scale was performed. RESULTS: In the first phase, the content validity index was 0.93. In the second phase (336 neonates), the intra-rater reliability was 0.93 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.97. The construct validity has shown a two-dimensional model that fits better, representing "pressure duration and intensity" and "skin immaturity." In the third phase (268 neonates) the best values were those presented by the score 17: receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84, showing a sensitivity of 91.18%, specificity of 76.50%, positive predictive value of 36.05% and negative predictive value of 98.35%. CONCLUSION: The scale has shown evidence of validity and reliability to measure the neonatal risk of pressure ulcers in the Spanish context. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Pressure ulcers are an adverse event recognised in paediatric units and specifically in neonatal units. The intent of the Spanish Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale is to identify hospitalised neonates requiring prevention measures and their specific risk factors, to provide useful diagnostic information to improve the neonatal skin care into Spanish speaking countries. The Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale could ensure the efficient and effective allocation of limited preventive resources, support clinical and management decisions, allow risk-adjusted cases in epidemiological studies, facilitate the development of risk assessment protocols and serve as evidence in litigation cases. All these features could facilitate developing best practice in nursing management and improve the quality and safety of neonatal care.


Assuntos
Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente/normas , Psicometria/normas , Medição de Risco/normas , Higiene da Pele/instrumentação , Estudos de Coortes , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Úlcera por Pressão/terapia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Higiene da Pele/métodos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tradução
15.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 28(3): 151-157, sept. 2017. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169000

RESUMO

A través de una revisión narrativa, los autores revisan elementos clave relacionados con la historia de las úlceras por presión y su contexto, desde la Edad Antigua, el Renacimiento, el siglo xix hasta la edad moderna


Through a narrative review, the authors review key facts related with the history of pressure ulcers and their framework, from ancient age, Renaissance, xix's century up to the modern age


Assuntos
Humanos , História Antiga , História do Século XVI , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Úlcera por Pressão/história , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/história , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos
16.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 28(2): 83-87, jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165743

RESUMO

Las lesiones por presión son un importante problema de salud con una gran repercusión epidemiológica y un gran impacto a nivel de salud y calidad de vida que genera importantes costes para las personas, instituciones y sistemas de salud. A pesar de la importancia económica del problema de las lesiones por presión, prácticamente no existe información sistematizada acerca de las diferentes dimensiones de su coste. Para cubrir esta falta de información se planteó la realización de una revisión integrativa acerca de la dimensión económica del problema de las lesiones por presión. Se han identificado y analizado 89 documentos con información económica acerca del problema de las lesiones por presión. La información se ha sistematizado basándose en los siguientes apartados: tiempo necesario para la cicatrización, impacto en las estancias hospitalarias, costes relacionados con la seguridad de los pacientes, impacto en los grupos relacionados de diagnóstico, coste total, coste por episodio, por tipo de tratamiento, de las complicaciones, de las demandas legales, de los años de vida ganados ajustados a calidad de vida, en pacientes lesionados medulares y con otras condiciones, y los costes de medidas preventivas


Pressure Lesions are an important health problem with a great epidemiological impact that affects the health status and quality of life producing important expenses for persons, healthcare institutions and health systems. There is not available systematized information about the different cost components of pressure lesions although the important economic dimension of such problem. In order to cover this lack of systematized information we performed an integrative review about the economic dimension of pressure lesions. We have identified and analyzed 89 documents with economic information about pressure lesions problem. Information has been systematized according with the next categories: time for healing, cost of additional hospital stays, costs related with safety of patients, DRG costs, total cost of treatment, episode’s cost, by type of treatment, related with complications, QALYs, costs in spinal cord patients and in patients with other conditions and global prevention costs


Assuntos
Humanos , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Cicatrização , Segurança do Paciente/economia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação em Saúde/métodos
17.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(4): 161-167, dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-160108

RESUMO

Hoy en día, la seguridad de los pacientes es una prioridad para los sistemas de salud. Las úlceras por presión son un importante problema de salud que produce daño en los pacientes y que son evitables en un alto porcentaje de casos. Se revisan en el presente artículo aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos acerca de las úlceras por presión como problema de seguridad de los pacientes, su impacto entre los diferentes eventos adversos, así como diferentes iniciativas institucionales acerca de estas dentro del contexto de la seguridad de los pacientes y los eventos adversos


Nowadays patient’s safety is a priority for Healthcare Systems. Pressure Ulcers are an important health problem that produce harm in patients and are avoidable in a high percentage of cases. We review in the current paper conceptual and methodological issues related with pressure ulcers as a safety problem in patients, their impact between the different adverse events as well as different institutional approaches about pressure ulcers in the framework of the safety of patients and adverse events


Assuntos
Humanos , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/epidemiologia , Segurança do Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle
18.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(4): 162-170, dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134305

RESUMO

Objetivos: 1) establecer la prevalencia de úlceras por presión (UPP) en hospitales, centros sociosanitarios (CSS) y atención primaria en España; 2) determinar la frecuencia de UPP nosocomiales (generadas durante la estancia en hospitales o CSS), y 3) describir las características de los pacientes y de las lesiones identificadas. Métodos: encuesta epidemiológica, transversal, mediante cuestionario dirigido a profesionales que trabajen en centro sanitarios y sociosanitarios, públicos o privados, en España. Realizada entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de mayo de 2013. Variables: descripción de los centros, población ingresada o atendida y pacientes con UPP, características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes. Se calcula prevalencia bruta y prevalencia media para cada uno de los tres niveles asistenciales. Resultados: se obtuvieron 509 cuestionarios válidos, un 66,7% son de hospitales, un 21,6% de atención primaria y un 16,7% de CSS. Las cifras de prevalencia obtenidas son: en hospitales, en adultos 7,87% (IC 95%: 7,31-8,47%); en unidades pediátricas de hospitales, 3,36% (IC 95%: 1,44-7,61%); en CSS, 13,41% (IC 95%: 12,6-14,2%), y en atención primaria, 0,44% (IC 95%: 0,41-0,47%) entre mayores de 65 años y 8,51% (IC 95%: 7,96-9,1%) entre pacientes en programas de atención domiciliaria. La prevalencia es más alta en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), llegando al 18%. Son UPP nosocomiales un 65,6% del total y solo un 29,4% se han producido en los domicilios. El mayor porcentaje de las lesiones es de categoría 2, con un tiempo de evolución de 30 días (mediana) y un área de 6 cm2 (mediana). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de UPP en España no ha disminuido en 2013 respecto a años anteriores, e incluso se ha duplicado en los CSS. En hospitales, las UCI son las unidades con mayor prevalencia. En los CSS, hay una prevalencia más alta en los privados frente a los públicos. Casi dos tercios de todas las UPP son de origen nosocomial (hospitales o CSS), lo que indica un fallo en la prevención de estas lesiones


Aim: 1) To determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) at hospitals, nursing homes (NH) and the community in Spain; 2) To determine the frequency of nosocomial PU (those acquired during patients’ stay at hospital or NH), y 3) To describe the characteristics of the patients and ulcers. Methods: Cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire aimed to nurses working at hospitals, nursing homes and primary care, both publics and privates, in Spain. Date: from 1st March to 31th May in 2013. Variables: Description of the centres, number of in-patients or residents at NH and number of patients with PU, demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. For each one of the 3 settings, crude prevalence and average prevalence was calculated. Results: 509 valid questionnaires were obtained; 66.7% from hospitals; 21.6% from community care and 16.7% from nursing homes. Prevalence percentages: at hospitals, adults: 7,87% (CI95%: 7,31-8,47%); paediatric units, 3,36% (CI95%: 1,44-7,61%); nursing homes 13,41% (CI95%: 12,6-14,2%); and community care, 0,44% (CI 95%: 0,41-0,47%) among older than 65 years and 8,51% (CI95%: 7,96-9,1%) among people in home care programs. The Intensive Care Units (ICU) have the highest prevalence, reaching the 18%. On the whole, 65.5% of the PU are nosocomials and only the 29.4% were developed at homes. The majority of the lesions are classified in category 2. The duration of 30 days (as median) and the area was of 6 cm2 (median). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of PU is not decreasing, from previous studies; and even it has doubled in nursing homes. At hospitals, the ICU are the places with highest prevalence. When considering the nursing homes, the private ones have higher prevalence than the public ones. Two-thirds of the PU has a nosocomial origin (hospitals or nursing homes), what could mean a failure in prevention


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pacientes Domiciliares/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(2): 74-80, jun. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127309

RESUMO

Objetivos: a) Evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación tópica de aceite de oliva virgen extra en la prevención de úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes ancianos, en comparación con los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO), medida por la incidencia de UPP. b) Determinar la seguridad terapéutica (efectos adversos) de la aplicación tópica de aceite de oliva virgen extra. La hipótesis por contrastar es que la incidencia de UPP en el grupo tratado con el preparado de aceite de oliva no es superior a la incidencia de UPP en el grupo tratado con AGHO, estableciendo un margen de no inferioridad del 7%. Métodos: ensayo clínico de no inferioridad, multicéntrico, aleatorizado y controlado, con doble enmascaramiento. Se ha incluido a residentes de residencias de mayores en la provincia de Córdoba (España) con riesgo moderado o alto de UPP entre enero de 2011 y abril de 2013. Se excluyeron residentes que ya tenían alguna UPP al inicio, con enfermedad vascular o en situación de gravedad extrema. El tamaño de muestra estimado es de 560 personas, con un muestreo sistemático consecutivo en cada una de las residencias. La intervención testada fue la aplicación cada 12 horas, en zonas de riesgo, de un preparado de aceite oliva virgen extra (Oleicopiel) (grupo experimental) frente a la aplicación de AGHO (Mepentol) (grupo control). Variable principal: incidencia de UPP en cada grupo. Análisis de la diferencia de incidencias entre los dos grupos y tiempo hasta la aparición (análisis de supervivencia). Resultados: datos intermedios sobre una muestra de 247 residentes de 12 residencias. Ambos grupos son equivalentes al inicio. La incidencia de UPP en el grupo del aceite de oliva fue del 7,1% (8 de 112 residentes) y del 6,8% (8 de 117 residentes) en el grupo de AGHO, con una diferencia de incidencias del 0,31% (intervalo de confianza [IC] al 90% = -6,19% a +5,47%) que está dentro del margen de no inferioridad establecido de ±7% y apoya la hipótesis inicial. No se observó ningún efecto adverso en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones: se aportan las primeras evidencias sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la aplicación tópica del aceite de oliva virgen extra para prevenir la aparición de UPP en pacientes de residencias de mayores. De acuerdo con estas evidencias es posible afirmar que el producto de aceite de oliva virgen extra es, al menos, igual de eficaz que los AGHO y que, por tanto, es otra opción terapéutica para prevenir las UPP a disposición de los profesionales y los usuarios (AU)


Aims: a) To evaluate the efficacy of topical application of extra virgin olive oil in the prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) in elderly patients compared with hyper-oxygenated fatty acids (HFA), as measured by the incidence of PU. b) To establish the therapeutic safety (adverse effects) of the topical application of extra virgin olive oil. The hypothesis to be tested is that the incidence rate in the group treated with the olive oil shall not exceed the incidence rate in the group treated with HFA, establishing a non-inferiority margin of 7%. Methods: Multicentre, randomized, controlled, double blind, non-inferiority clinical trial. People living in nursing homes in the province of Córdoba (Spain) with moderate or high risk of pressure ulcers have been included. From January 2011 until April 2013. We excluded patients who already had some PU, with vascular disease or in extreme gravity condition. The sample size was estimated in 560 people. Sampling was systematic, enrolling eligible people consecutively in each of the residences. The intervention tested was the application every 12 hours in risk areas, of extra virgin olive oil (Oleicopiel) (experimental group) versus applying hyper-oxygenated fatty acids (Mepentol) (control group). Primary endpoint: incidence of PU in each group. Data analysis: difference in the incidence rates and time to onset (survival analysis). Results: Intermediate data on a sample of 247 patients from 12 nursing homes are reported. Both groups were equivalent at baseline. The PU incidence rate in the olive oil group was 7.1% (8/112 patients) and 6.8% (8/117 patients) in HFA group, with a difference in the incidence rate of 0.31% (90% CI = -6.19% to +5.47%), which is within the non-inferiority margin of ±7% and supports the initial hypothesis. No adverse effect was observed in either group. Conclusions: This paper provides the first evidence on the efficacy and safety of the topical application of extra virgin olive oil to prevent PU in patients at nursing homes. Based on this evidence we can conclude that the product of extra virgin olive oil tested is at least as effective as the HFA, and thus, is another therapeutic option to prevent pressure ulcers available for clinicians and users (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Gorduras Vegetais , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacocinética
20.
J Clin Nurs ; 23(19-20): 2814-21, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24479812

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the medium-term effects of nurse case management on the dependence and satisfaction of patients with complex chronic disease and on caregiver burden. BACKGROUND: Caregiver exhaustion increases the readmission rate of highly dependent patients with complex chronic disease and their consumption of primary care resources. DESIGN: An observational and analytical cohort study was undertaken in multimorbid patients. METHODS: Data were gathered on Barthel Index and Caregiver Burden Index scores, primary care resource consumption, readmission and mortality rates, and patient satisfaction with care and care continuity. Results were compared between nurse case-managed (n = 62) and control (n = 193) multimorbid patients using univariate and bivariate analyses. RESULTS: The study included 255 patients with complex chronic disease (24·32% in management cohort vs. 75·68% in control cohort). The nurse case-managed group had significantly lower Barthel Index and higher Caregiver Burden Index scores and a significantly longer hospital stay. At 90 days postdischarge, no significant intergroup differences were observed in Barthel Index or Caregiver Burden Index scores, primary care resource consumption, readmission rate or mortality rate; the case-managed patients showed a significantly higher satisfaction level with their care and its continuity. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse case management prevents a postdischarge increase in the dependence of multimorbid patients and the burden of their caregivers. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Application of nurse case management can reduce the readmission rate and primary care consumption of patients with chronic complex disease after their hospital stay and prevent an exacerbation of caregiver exhaustion.


Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Enfermeiros Administradores , Administração dos Cuidados ao Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica/mortalidade , Doença Crônica/enfermagem , Estudos de Coortes , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino
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